Pausanias Analysis - Grammar 8.39.4

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Passage 8.39.4

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3sentences parsed

80Greek tokens

2,573input tokens

6,095output tokens

Sentence 1

8.39.4 sentence 1

Tokens: 14
Input: 722
Output: 1,245
Total: 1,967

Φιγαλέων δὲ τοῖς διαπεφευγόσιν ἔδοξεν ἀφικομένοις ἐς Δελφοὺς ἐρωτᾶν ὑπὲρ καθόδου τὸν θεόν·

The impersonal ἔδοξεν governs an articular dative participant phrase τοῖς διαπεφευγόσιν, with ἀφικομένοις agreeing as a supplementary participle; ἐρωτᾶν is the infinitival content, and τὸν θεόν its accusative object. The dative plural participle διαπεφευγόσιν is substantivized and refers to the survivors/escapees; ἀφικομένοις is likewise dative plural and agrees with them.

#	Form	Lemma	UPOS	XPOS	Features	Head	DepRel	Conf.	Note
1	Φιγαλέων	Φιγαλεύς	PROPN	N--P--GM-	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	4 διαπεφευγόσιν	nmod	medium	Ethnic name in the genitive plural, dependent on the substantivized participle; spelling/form is unusual.
2	δὲ	δέ	CCONJ	C----	_	5 ἔδοξεν	cc	high	Postpositive connective.
3	τοῖς	ὁ	DET	L----DPM-	Case=Dat\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	4 διαπεφευγόσιν	det	high	Article substantivizing the participle.
4	διαπεφευγόσιν	διαφεύγω	VERB	V-RAPDPM-	Case=Dat\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur\|Tense=Perf\|VerbForm=Part\|Voice=Act	5 ἔδοξεν	iobj	high	Substantivized perfect active participle, ‘those who had escaped’; dative complement of impersonal ἔδοξεν.
5	ἔδοξεν	δοκέω	VERB	V-AIA3S-	Mood=Ind\|Number=Sing\|Person=3\|Tense=Aor\|VerbForm=Fin\|Voice=Act	0 ROOT	root	high	Impersonal finite verb, ‘it seemed good/was decided’.
6	ἀφικομένοις	ἀφικνέομαι	VERB	V-AMPDPM-	Case=Dat\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur\|Tense=Aor\|VerbForm=Part\|Voice=Mid	4 διαπεφευγόσιν	advcl	medium	Supplementary or circumstantial dative participle agreeing with τοῖς διαπεφευγόσιν; its attachment may alternatively be analyzed under the infinitive.
7	ἐς	εἰς	ADP	R--------	_	8 Δελφοὺς	case	high	Preposition governing accusative.
8	Δελφοὺς	Δελφοί	PROPN	N--P---MA	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	6 ἀφικομένοις	obl	high	Accusative of goal with ἐς.
9	ἐρωτᾶν	ἐρωτάω	VERB	V-PNA----	Mood=Inf\|Tense=Pres\|VerbForm=Inf\|Voice=Act	5 ἔδοξεν	xcomp	high	Infinitival content of ἔδοξεν.
10	ὑπὲρ	ὑπέρ	ADP	R--------	_	11 καθόδου	case	high	Preposition governing the genitive.
11	καθόδου	κάθοδος	NOUN	N--S---GF	Case=Gen\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	9 ἐρωτᾶν	obl	high	Genitive object of ὑπέρ, ‘concerning return/restoration’.
12	τὸν	ὁ	DET	L----SAM-	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	13 θεόν	det	high	Article agreeing with θεόν.
13	θεόν	θεός	NOUN	N--SAMA-	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	9 ἐρωτᾶν	obj	high	Accusative object of ἐρωτᾶν.
14	·	·	PUNCT	_	_	5 ἔδοξεν	punct	high	Sentence-final punctuation.

Sentence 2

8.39.4 sentence 2

Tokens: 38
Input: 971
Output: 2,756
Total: 3,727

καί σφισιν ἡ Πυθία καθʼ αὑτοὺς μὲν πειρωμένοις ἐς Φιγαλίαν κατελθεῖν οὐχ ὁρᾶν ἔφη κάθοδον, εἰ δὲ λογάδας ἑκατὸν ἐξ Ὀρεσθασίου προσλάβοιεν, τοὺς μὲν ἀποθανεῖσθαι παρὰ τὴν μάχην, Φιγαλεῦσι δὲ ἔσεσθαι διʼ αὐτῶν κάθοδον.

Indirect statement after ἔφη: οὐχ ὁρᾶν κάθοδον for the first condition; the second conditional apodosis is coordinated in indirect discourse, with τοὺς μὲν ἀποθανεῖσθαι and Φιγαλεῦσι δὲ ἔσεσθαι κάθοδον. The form πειρωμένοις is dative plural, construed with σφισιν and understood as a dative of the persons attempting.

#	Form	Lemma	UPOS	XPOS	Features	Head	DepRel	Conf.	Note
1	καί	καί	CCONJ	CONJ	Polarity=Pos	4 Πυθία	cc	high
2	σφισιν	σφεῖς	PRON	Pp-3pd	Case=Dat\|Number=Plur\|Person=3\|PronType=Prs	14 ἔφη	iobj	high	Dative of the persons addressed/concerned.
3	ἡ	ὁ	DET	S---NF	Case=Nom\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing\|PronType=Art	4 Πυθία	det	high
4	Πυθία	Πυθία	PROPN	Ne-Fs	Case=Nom\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	14 ἔφη	nsubj	high
5	καθʼ	κατά	ADP	R-	_	6 αὑτοὺς	case	high	Elided form of κατά.
6	αὑτοὺς	ἑαυτοῦ	PRON	Pp-3am	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur\|Person=3\|PronType=Prs\|Reflex=Yes	8 πειρωμένοις	obl	high	Accusative with κατά, ‘by themselves’.
7	μὲν	μέν	PART	Df	_	8 πειρωμένοις	discourse	high	Correlative with δὲ at token 18.
8	πειρωμένοις	πειράω	VERB	V-PMP-DPM	Case=Dat\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur\|Tense=Pres\|VerbForm=Part\|Voice=Mid	14 ἔφη	advcl	high	Dative participle, likely agreeing with σφισιν.
9	ἐς	εἰς	ADP	R-	_	10 Φιγαλίαν	case	high
10	Φιγαλίαν	Φιγαλία	PROPN	Ne-Af	Case=Acc\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	11 κατελθεῖν	obl	high
11	κατελθεῖν	κατέρχομαι	VERB	V-2AAN	Tense=Aor\|VerbForm=Inf\|Voice=Act	8 πειρωμένοις	xcomp	high	Infinitive dependent on πειρωμένοις.
12	οὐχ	οὐ	PART	Df	Polarity=Neg	13 ὁρᾶν	advmod	high	Negates ὁρᾶν.
13	ὁρᾶν	ὁράω	VERB	V-PAN	Tense=Pres\|VerbForm=Inf\|Voice=Act	14 ἔφη	ccomp	high	Infinitive of indirect statement.
14	ἔφη	φημί	VERB	V-IAI-3S	Mood=Ind\|Number=Sing\|Person=3\|Tense=Imp\|VerbForm=Fin\|Voice=Act	0 ROOT	root	high
15	κάθοδον	κάθοδος	NOUN	N-AF	Case=Acc\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	13 ὁρᾶν	obj	high	Object of ὁρᾶν.
16	,	,	PUNCT	_	_	14 ἔφη	punct	high
17	εἰ	εἰ	SCONJ	C-	_	27 ἀποθανεῖσθαι	mark	high	Introduces the conditional protasis.
18	δὲ	δέ	CCONJ	CONJ	_	27 ἀποθανεῖσθαι	cc	high	Correlative contrast with μέν at token 7.
19	λογάδας	λογάς	NOUN	N-AF	Case=Acc\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Plur	23 προσλάβοιεν	obj	high
20	ἑκατὸν	ἑκατόν	NUM	M----A	Case=Acc\|NumType=Card\|Number=Sing	19 λογάδας	nummod	medium	indeclinable numeral modifying plural λογάδας.
21	ἐξ	ἐκ	ADP	R-	_	22 Ὀρεσθασίου	case	high
22	Ὀρεσθασίου	Ὀρεσθάσιον	PROPN	Ne-Gs	Case=Gen\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	19 λογάδας	nmod	high
23	προσλάβοιεν	προσλαμβάνω	VERB	V-2AAO-3P	Mood=Opt\|Number=Plur\|Person=3\|Tense=Aor\|VerbForm=Fin\|Voice=Act	27 ἀποθανεῖσθαι	advcl	high	Aorist optative in the εἰ-protasis, with potential/oblique force.
24	,	,	PUNCT	_	_	27 ἀποθανεῖσθαι	punct	high
25	τοὺς	ὁ	DET	S---AM	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur\|PronType=Art	27 ἀποθανεῖσθαι	det	high
26	μὲν	μέν	PART	Df	_	27 ἀποθανεῖσθαι	discourse	high	Correlative with δὲ at token 33.
27	ἀποθανεῖσθαι	ἀποθνῄσκω	VERB	V-2FPN	Tense=Fut\|VerbForm=Inf\|Voice=Mid	34 ἔσεσθαι	ccomp	high	Infinitive of indirect statement; τοὺς μὲν is its accusative subject.
28	παρὰ	παρά	ADP	R-	_	30 μάχην	case	high
29	τὴν	ὁ	DET	S---AF	Case=Acc\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing\|PronType=Art	30 μάχην	det	high
30	μάχην	μάχη	NOUN	N-AF	Case=Acc\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	27 ἀποθανεῖσθαι	obl	high	παρὰ with accusative, ‘beside/at the battle’.
31	,	,	PUNCT	_	_	27 ἀποθανεῖσθαι	punct	high
32	Φιγαλεῦσι	Φιγαλεύς	PROPN	Ne-Dp	Case=Dat\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	34 ἔσεσθαι	iobj	high	Dative of the persons for whom the descent will exist.
33	δὲ	δέ	CCONJ	CONJ	_	34 ἔσεσθαι	cc	high	Correlative with μέν at token 26.
34	ἔσεσθαι	εἰμί	AUX	V-FMN	Tense=Fut\|VerbForm=Inf\|Voice=Mid	14 ἔφη	ccomp	high	Future infinitive of indirect statement.
35	διʼ	διά	ADP	R-	_	36 αὐτῶν	case	high	Elided form of διά.
36	αὐτῶν	αὐτός	PRON	Pp3pg	Case=Gen\|Number=Plur\|Person=3\|PronType=Prs	34 ἔσεσθαι	obl	high	Genitive with διά, ‘through/by means of them’.
37	κάθοδον	κάθοδος	NOUN	N-AF	Case=Acc\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	34 ἔσεσθαι	nsubj	high	Accusative subject/predicative complement of the infinitive ἔσεσθαι in indirect discourse.
38	.	.	PUNCT	_	_	14 ἔφη	punct	high

Sentence 3

8.39.4 sentence 3

Tokens: 28
Input: 880
Output: 2,094
Total: 2,974

Ὀρεσθάσιοι δὲ ὡς τὴν γενομένην τοῖς Φιγαλεῦσιν ἐπύθοντο μαντείαν, ἄλλος ἔφθανεν ἄλλον σπουδῇ λογάδων τε τῶν ἑκατὸν αὐτὸς ἕκαστος γενέσθαι καὶ ἐξόδου τῆς ἐς Φιγαλίαν μετασχεῖν.

The temporal ὡς-clause has ἐπύθοντο with μαντείαν as object and τὴν γενομένην ... as attributive modifier; the main construction means each man hastened to precede another, eagerly seeking both to become one of the hundred picked men and to share in the expedition. The exact attachment of λογάδων is somewhat compressed/elliptical.

#	Form	Lemma	UPOS	XPOS	Features	Head	DepRel	Conf.	Note
1	Ὀρεσθάσιοι	Ὀρεσθάσιος	PROPN	NPMN	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	12 ἔφθανεν	nsubj	high
2	δὲ	δέ	CCONJ	CONJ	_	12 ἔφθανεν	cc	high
3	ὡς	ὡς	SCONJ	CONJ	_	8 ἐπύθοντο	mark	high	Temporal sense: when/after.
4	τὴν	ὁ	DET	DAFS	Case=Acc\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	5 γενομένην	det	high
5	γενομένην	γίγνομαι	VERB	V2AAP-FA	Case=Acc\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing\|Tense=Aor\|VerbForm=Part\|Voice=Mid	9 μαντείαν	amod	high	Attributive participle modifying μαντείαν.
6	τοῖς	ὁ	DET	DDPM	Case=Dat\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	7 Φιγαλεῦσιν	det	high
7	Φιγαλεῦσιν	Φιγαλεύς	PROPN	N-DPM	Case=Dat\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	5 γενομένην	obl	high	Dative of those to whom the oracle occurred.
8	ἐπύθοντο	πυνθάνομαι	VERB	V2AMI-3P	Mood=Ind\|Number=Plur\|Person=3\|Tense=Aor\|VerbForm=Fin\|Voice=Mid	12 ἔφθανεν	advcl	high
9	μαντείαν	μαντεία	NOUN	N-AFA	Case=Acc\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	8 ἐπύθοντο	obj	high
10	,	,	PUNCT	_	_	8 ἐπύθοντο	punct	high
11	ἄλλος	ἄλλος	PRON	A-NPM	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	12 ἔφθανεν	nsubj	high	Substantivized adjective/pronoun.
12	ἔφθανεν	φθάνω	VERB	V1IAI-3S	Mood=Ind\|Number=Sing\|Person=3\|Tense=Impf\|VerbForm=Fin\|Voice=Act	0 ROOT	root	high	Iterative imperfect: one man hastened to precede another.
13	ἄλλον	ἄλλος	PRON	A-ASM	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	12 ἔφθανεν	obj	high	Object of φθάνω.
14	σπουδῇ	σπουδή	NOUN	N-DFS	Case=Dat\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	12 ἔφθανεν	obl	high	Manner/instrumental dative.
15	λογάδων	λογάς	ADJ	A-GPM	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	18 ἑκατὸν	amod	low	Compressed phrase, likely ‘picked/chosen [men]’; attachment to ἑκατόν is uncertain.
16	τε	τε	CCONJ	CONJ	_	21 γενέσθαι	cc	high	First member of τε ... καί coordination.
17	τῶν	ὁ	DET	DGPM	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	18 ἑκατὸν	det	high
18	ἑκατὸν	ἑκατόν	NUM	M-GPM	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	21 γενέσθαι	obl	medium	Used substantivally/with omitted οἱ; genitive within the first coordinated infinitival complement.
19	αὐτὸς	αὐτός	PRON	P-NPM	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	20 ἕκαστος	nmod	medium	Emphatic ‘himself’, associated with ἕκαστος.
20	ἕκαστος	ἕκαστος	PRON	A-NPM	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	21 γενέσθαι	nsubj	high	Subject of both infinitives.
21	γενέσθαι	γίγνομαι	VERB	V2ANM	Mood=Inf\|Tense=Aor\|VerbForm=Inf\|Voice=Mid	12 ἔφθανεν	xcomp	high	First coordinated infinitive after ἔφθανεν.
22	καὶ	καί	CCONJ	CONJ	_	27 μετασχεῖν	cc	high	Coordinates the two infinitives.
23	ἐξόδου	ἔξοδος	NOUN	N-GFS	Case=Gen\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	27 μετασχεῖν	obj	medium	Genitive of the thing shared in; governed by μετασχεῖν.
24	τῆς	ὁ	DET	DGFS	Case=Gen\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	23 ἐξόδου	det	high
25	ἐς	εἰς	ADP	P	_	26 Φιγαλίαν	case	high
26	Φιγαλίαν	Φιγάλεια	PROPN	N-AFS	Case=Acc\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	23 ἐξόδου	nmod	high	Destination modifier of ἐξόδου.
27	μετασχεῖν	μετέχω	VERB	V3AAN	Mood=Inf\|Tense=Aor\|VerbForm=Inf\|Voice=Act	21 γενέσθαι	conj	high	Second infinitive coordinated with γενέσθαι.
28	.	.	PUNCT	_	_	12 ἔφθανεν	punct	high

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