Grammar parses for passage 8.4.5
Open translation for this passage
ἐπὶ δὲ Ἀζᾶνι τῷ Ἀρκάδος τελευτήσαντι ἆθλα ἐτέθη πρῶτον·
The dative phrase Ἀζᾶνι τῷ Ἀρκάδος τελευτήσαντι is an epexegetic/temporal circumstance phrase, ‘after Azan, who was the first Arcadian to die’; ἆθλα is the passive subject of ἐτέθη, with πρῶτον used adverbially (‘first’).
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἐπὶ | ἐπί | ADP | PREP | AdpType=Prep | 3 Ἀζᾶνι | case | high | Preposition governing the dative Ἀζᾶνι. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 8 ἐτέθη | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | Ἀζᾶνι | Ἀζάν | PROPN | NPMD | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 8 ἐτέθη | obl | high | Dative proper name governed by ἐπί; temporal/circumstantial adjunct. |
| 4 | τῷ | ὁ | DET | DDSM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 6 τελευτήσαντι | det | high | Article agreeing with τελευτήσαντι. |
| 5 | Ἀρκάδος | Ἀρκάς | PROPN | NPGS | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 6 τελευτήσαντι | nmod | high | Genitive of origin/identity, ‘of an Arcadian’. |
| 6 | τελευτήσαντι | τελευτάω | VERB | VPAADSM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 3 Ἀζᾶνι | amod | medium | Aorist active participle agreeing with Ἀζᾶνι; likely temporal, ‘having died’; τῷ Ἀρκάδος is interpreted with it as ‘the Arcadian who died.’ |
| 7 | ἆθλα | ἆθλον | NOUN | NAPN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 8 ἐτέθη | nsubj:pass | high | Neuter plural nominative passive subject, ‘contests/prizes’. |
| 8 | ἐτέθη | τίθημι | VERB | VAPI3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Pass | 0 ROOT | root | high | Aorist passive finite verb, ‘were instituted/established’; singular agrees with neuter plural subject. |
| 9 | πρῶτον | πρῶτος | ADV | AAN | Case=Nom|Degree=Pos|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 8 ἐτέθη | advmod | high | Neuter accusative/nominative form used adverbially, ‘first’. |
| 10 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 8 ἐτέθη | punct | high | Sentence-final punctuation. |
εἰ μὲν καὶ ἄλλα, οὐκ οἶδα, ἱπποδρομίας δὲ ἐτέθη.
The sentence is elliptical: οὐκ οἶδα governs the conditional protasis and the following clause; ἱπποδρομίας is difficult, probably a genitive of specification/value associated with the passive ἐτέθη rather than a straightforward nominative subject.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | εἰ | εἰ | SCONJ | CONJ | _ | 7 οἶδα | mark | high | Conditional conjunction introducing an elliptical protasis. |
| 2 | μὲν | μέν | PART | PART | _ | 7 οἶδα | discourse | high | Correlative particle; apodotic δέ follows. |
| 3 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 4 ἄλλα | cc | high | Coordinating/additive particle modifying ἄλλα. |
| 4 | ἄλλα | ἄλλος | ADJ | A-P---NA- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 7 οἶδα | nsubj | medium | Neuter plural substantive adjective, elliptical with an omitted verb. |
| 5 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 7 οἶδα | punct | high | |
| 6 | οὐκ | οὐ | PART | PART | Polarity=Neg | 7 οἶδα | advmod | high | Negative particle. |
| 7 | οἶδα | οἶδα | VERB | V-RAI-1S- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Perfect-form verb with present meaning, 'I know'; governs the elliptical conditional content. |
| 8 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 7 οἶδα | punct | high | |
| 9 | ἱπποδρομίας | ἱπποδρομία | NOUN | N-G--AFS- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 11 ἐτέθη | nsubj:pass | medium | Genitive subject with passive ἐτέθη, likely an elliptical genitive of value or specification: 'a horse-race was instituted'. |
| 10 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 11 ἐτέθη | cc | high | Adversative/correlative particle contrasting with μέν. |
| 11 | ἐτέθη | τίθημι | VERB | V-API-3S- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Pass | 7 οἶδα | ccomp | high | Aorist passive, 'was instituted/established'; complement of οἶδα with omitted subject or constructional genitive. |
| 12 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 7 οἶδα | punct | high |
Κλείτωρ μὲν δὴ ὁ Ἀζᾶνος ἐν Λυκοσώρᾳ τε ᾤκει καὶ ἦν τῶν βασιλέων δυνατώτατος καὶ Κλείτορα ᾤκισεν ἀφʼ αὑτοῦ πόλιν,
Κλείτωρ is the topical subject, with ὁ Ἀζᾶνος in apposition; ᾤκει and ἦν are coordinated predicates, and ᾤκισεν has Κλείτορα as object and πόλιν as a predicative/appositional object, ἀφʼ αὑτοῦ indicating foundation from himself.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Κλείτωρ | Κλείτωρ | PROPN | N--SMN-- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 9 ᾤκει | nsubj | high | |
| 2 | μὲν | μέν | PART | G----- | _ | 1 Κλείτωρ | discourse | high | |
| 3 | δὴ | δή | PART | G----- | _ | 1 Κλείτωρ | discourse | high | |
| 4 | ὁ | ὁ | DET | S--SMN-- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 5 Ἀζᾶνος | det | high | |
| 5 | Ἀζᾶνος | Ἀζᾶνος | PROPN | N--SMN-- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 1 Κλείτωρ | appos | high | Appositional identifier of Κλείτωρ. |
| 6 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | R----- | _ | 7 Λυκοσώρᾳ | case | high | |
| 7 | Λυκοσώρᾳ | Λυκόσουρα | PROPN | N--SF-- | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 9 ᾤκει | obl | high | Locative dative governed by ἐν. |
| 8 | τε | τε | CCONJ | C----- | _ | 9 ᾤκει | cc | high | Coordinates the first predicate with ἦν. |
| 9 | ᾤκει | οἰκέω | VERB | V-IAI-3S-- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Imperfect of residence; coordinated with ἦν. |
| 10 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C----- | _ | 11 ἦν | cc | high | |
| 11 | ἦν | εἰμί | VERB | V-IAI-3S-- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|Voice=Act | 9 ᾤκει | conj | high | Imperfect copular predicate; δυνατώτατος is predicate adjective. |
| 12 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | S--GPM-- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 13 βασιλέων | det | high | |
| 13 | βασιλέων | βασιλεύς | NOUN | N--GPM-- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 14 δυνατώτατος | obl | high | Partitive genitive with the superlative. |
| 14 | δυνατώτατος | δυνατός | ADJ | A--SMN-S | Case=Nom|Degree=Sup|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 11 ἦν | xcomp | high | Predicate adjective with ἦν. |
| 15 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C----- | _ | 17 ᾤκισεν | cc | high | |
| 16 | Κλείτορα | Κλείτωρ | PROPN | N--SAM-- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 17 ᾤκισεν | obj | high | |
| 17 | ᾤκισεν | οἰκίζω | VERB | V-AAI-3S-- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|Voice=Act | 9 ᾤκει | conj | high | Coordinates a third predicate with the preceding verbal predicates. |
| 18 | ἀφʼ | ἀπό | ADP | R----- | _ | 19 αὑτοῦ | case | high | |
| 19 | αὑτοῦ | ἑαυτοῦ | PRON | P--GSM3-- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs|Reflex=Yes | 17 ᾤκισεν | obl | high | Reflexive genitive after ἀπό. |
| 20 | πόλιν | πόλις | NOUN | N--SFA-- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 17 ᾤκισεν | obj | medium | Second accusative, appositional/predicative with Κλείτορα: founded Cleitor as a city. |
| 21 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 17 ᾤκισεν | punct | high |
Ἄλεος δὲ εἶχε τὴν πατρῴαν λῆξιν·
Simple transitive clause: the proper-name subject has ἔχω as predicate, with τὴν πατρῴαν λῆξιν as its accusative object.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Ἄλεος | Ἄλεος | PROPN | neut nom sg | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 3 εἶχε | nsubj | medium | Proper name; masculine nominative singular assumed from the personal-name usage. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | part | _ | 3 εἶχε | cc | high | |
| 3 | εἶχε | ἔχω | VERB | v--ia3s | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Imperf|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 4 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | article acc fem sg | Case=Acc|Definite=Def|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 6 λῆξιν | det | high | |
| 5 | πατρῴαν | πατρῷος | ADJ | a--af-s | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 6 λῆξιν | amod | high | |
| 6 | λῆξιν | λῆξις | NOUN | n--af-s | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 3 εἶχε | obj | high | |
| 7 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 3 εἶχε | punct | high |