Grammar parses for passage 8.4.7
Open translation for this passage
Κλείτορι δὲ τῷ Ἀζᾶνος οὐ γενομένων παίδων, ἐς Αἴπυτον Ἐλάτου περιεχώρησεν ἡ Ἀρκάδων βασιλεία·
The main difficulty is the genitive absolute οὐ γενομένων παίδων, with γενομένων modifying παίδων and the whole phrase attached adverbially to the main clause.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Κλείτορι | Κλείτωρ | PROPN | N-S---D-- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 12 περιεχώρησεν | obl | high | Dative singular of the person named. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | PART | _ | _ | 12 περιεχώρησεν | discourse | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | τῷ | ὁ | DET | L-S---DM- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 4 Ἀζᾶνος | det | high | Article with Ἀζᾶνος. |
| 4 | Ἀζᾶνος | Ἀζᾶνος | PROPN | N-S---G-- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 1 Κλείτορι | nmod | high | Genitive dependent of Κλείτορι. |
| 5 | οὐ | οὐ | PART | _ | _ | 6 γενομένων | advmod | high | Negation. |
| 6 | γενομένων | γίγνομαι | VERB | V-PAO-P-- | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Mood=Part|Number=Plur|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Mid | 7 παίδων | amod | medium | Aorist middle participle in genitive plural, agreeing with παίδων. |
| 7 | παίδων | παῖς | NOUN | N-P---G-- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 12 περιεχώρησεν | advcl | high | Genitive absolute with γενομένων. |
| 8 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 12 περιεχώρησεν | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 9 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | _ | _ | 10 Αἴπυτον | case | high | Preposition governing Αἴπυτον. |
| 10 | Αἴπυτον | Αἴπυτος | PROPN | N-S---A-- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 12 περιεχώρησεν | obl | high | Goal of motion. |
| 11 | Ἐλάτου | Ἐλάτος | PROPN | N-S---G-- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 10 Αἴπυτον | nmod | high | Genitive modifier of Αἴπυτον. |
| 12 | περιεχώρησεν | περιχωρέω | VERB | V-2AAI3S-- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main verb. |
| 13 | ἡ | ὁ | DET | L-S---FN- | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 15 βασιλεία | det | high | Article with βασιλεία. |
| 14 | Ἀρκάδων | Ἀρκάς | PROPN | N-P---G-- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 15 βασιλεία | nmod | high | Genitive plural modifier. |
| 15 | βασιλεία | βασιλεία | NOUN | N-S---N-- | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 12 περιεχώρησεν | nsubj | high | Subject of περιεχώρησεν. |
| 16 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 12 περιεχώρησεν | punct | high | Punctuation. |
τὸν δὲ Αἴπυτον ἐξελθόντα ἐς ἄγραν θηρίων μὲν τῶν ἀλκιμωτέρων οὐδέν, σὴψ δὲ οὐ προϊδόμενον ἀποκτίννυσι.
Two coordinated object-participial phrases modify the main verb ἀποκτίννυσι; ἄγραν θηρίων is an internal complement of ἐς, and punctuation marks a pause between the contrasted objects.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | τὸν | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 3 Αἴπυτον | det | high | Article modifying Αἴπυτον. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | _ | _ | 17 ἀποκτίννυσι | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | Αἴπυτον | Αἴπυτος | PROPN | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 17 ἀποκτίννυσι | obj | high | Direct object of ἀποκτίννυσι. |
| 4 | ἐξελθόντα | ἐξέρχομαι | VERB | _ | Aspect=Perf|Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 3 Αἴπυτον | acl | high | Attributive participle modifying Αἴπυτον. |
| 5 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | _ | _ | 6 ἄγραν | case | high | Preposition governing ἄγραν. |
| 6 | ἄγραν | ἄγρα | NOUN | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 4 ἐξελθόντα | obl | medium | Goal/extent complement of ἐξελθόντα. |
| 7 | θηρίων | θηρίον | NOUN | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 6 ἄγραν | nmod | high | Genitive dependent of ἄγραν. |
| 8 | μὲν | μέν | PART | _ | _ | 11 οὐδέν | discourse | high | Correlative particle introducing first contrasted phrase. |
| 9 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 10 ἀλκιμωτέρων | det | high | Article with ἀλκιμωτέρων. |
| 10 | ἀλκιμωτέρων | ἄλκιμος | ADJ | _ | Case=Gen|Degree=Cmp|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 11 οὐδέν | nmod | medium | Superfluous/elliptical genitive phrase depending on οὐδέν. |
| 11 | οὐδέν | οὐδείς | PRON | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 17 ἀποκτίννυσι | obj | high | First contrasted object of ἀποκτίννυσι. |
| 12 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 17 ἀποκτίννυσι | punct | high | Comma punctuation. |
| 13 | σὴψ | σὴψ | NOUN | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 17 ἀποκτίννυσι | obj | high | Second contrasted object of ἀποκτίννυσι; nominative for accusative-like narrative usage or textual idiosyncrasy. |
| 14 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | _ | _ | 13 σὴψ | cc | high | Second postpositive connective. |
| 15 | οὐ | οὐ | PART | _ | _ | 16 προϊδόμενον | advmod | high | Negation modifying participle. |
| 16 | προϊδόμενον | προοράω | VERB | _ | Aspect=Aor|Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Mid | 13 σὴψ | acl | medium | Participial modifier of σὴψ; case/voice reflect participial form, semantics uncertain. |
| 17 | ἀποκτίννυσι | ἀποκτείνω | VERB | _ | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main verb. |
| 18 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 17 ἀποκτίννυσι | punct | high | Sentence-final punctuation. |
τὸν δὲ ὄφιν τοῦτον καὶ αὐτός ποτε εἶδον·
Simple clause with emphatic subject αὐτός and object fronting; δὲ is discourse-level connective.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | τὸν | ὁ | DET | l-idf-s--- | Case=Acc|Definite=Def|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 3 ὄφιν | det | high | Article modifying ὄφιν. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | g-------- | _ | 8 εἶδον | discourse | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | ὄφιν | ὄφις | NOUN | n-s---ma- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 8 εἶδον | obj | high | Direct object of εἶδον. |
| 4 | τοῦτον | οὗτος | DET | d-s---ma- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Dem | 3 ὄφιν | amod | high | Demonstrative modifying ὄφιν. |
| 5 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | c-------- | _ | 6 αὐτός | cc | high | Connects αὐτός with implied/contrastive focus. |
| 6 | αὐτός | αὐτός | PRON | p-s---mn- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Prs | 8 εἶδον | nsubj | medium | Likely emphatic subject 'I myself'; nominative with first-person verb, though form is ambiguous in isolation. |
| 7 | ποτε | ποτέ | ADV | d-------- | _ | 8 εἶδον | advmod | high | Temporal adverb modifying εἶδον. |
| 8 | εἶδον | ὁράω | VERB | v-aia-1s- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Finite verb, first-person singular aorist indicative. |
| 9 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 8 εἶδον | punct | high | Sentence-final punctuation. |
κατὰ ἔχιν ἐστὶ τὸν μικρότατον, τέφρᾳ ἐμφερής, στίγμασιν οὐ συνεχέσι πεποικιλμένος·
Main copular clause with two predicative complements: μικρότατον and participial πεποικιλμένος; ἐμφερής likely predicative with a dative of respect/comparison.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | κατὰ | κατά | ADP | P__ | Case=ACC | 2 ἔχιν | case | high | Preposition governing accusative. |
| 2 | ἔχιν | ἔχις | NOUN | N--s---fa- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 3 ἐστὶ | obl | medium | Likely accusative singular object of κατὰ; form may reflect poetic/variant spelling for ἔχις. |
| 3 | ἐστὶ | εἰμί | VERB | V-3spia--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Copular main verb. |
| 4 | τὸν | ὁ | DET | l-s---ma- | Case=Acc|Definite=Def|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 5 μικρότατον | det | high | Article modifying μικρότατον. |
| 5 | μικρότατον | μικρός | ADJ | a-s---ma- | Case=Acc|Degree=Sup|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 3 ἐστὶ | xcomp | medium | Predicative complement with ἐστὶ; accusative singular masculine. |
| 6 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 3 ἐστὶ | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 7 | τέφρᾳ | τέφρα | NOUN | n-s---fd- | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 8 ἐμφερής | obl | high | Dative of respect/comparison with ἐμφερής. |
| 8 | ἐμφερής | ἐμφερής | ADJ | a-s---mn- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 3 ἐστὶ | advcl | medium | Predicative adjective modifying the subject; case is nominative, agreement may be with implied subject/participle context. |
| 9 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 8 ἐμφερής | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 10 | στίγμασιν | στίγμα | NOUN | n-p---nd- | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 13 πεποικιλμένος | obl | high | Dative dependent of participle. |
| 11 | οὐ | οὐ | PART | g--------- | _ | 13 πεποικιλμένος | advmod | high | Negation particle. |
| 12 | συνεχέσι | συνεχής | ADJ | a-p---md- | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 13 πεποικιλμένος | amod | high | Adjectival modifier of στίγμασιν. |
| 13 | πεποικιλμένος | ποικίλλω | VERB | x-s---mnp- | Aspect=Perf|Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Perf|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Mid | 3 ἐστὶ | advcl | medium | Perfect passive/middle participle used predicatively; exact syntactic relation somewhat uncertain. |
| 14 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 3 ἐστὶ | punct | high | Punctuation. |
κεφαλὴ δέ ἐστιν αὐτῷ πλατεῖα καὶ τράχηλος στενός, γαστέρα δὲ ἔχει μείζονα καὶ οὐρὰν βραχεῖαν·
The sentence consists of two coordinated descriptive clauses, each with its own finite verb; the first has an elliptical copular structure with coordinated predicate nominals/adjectives.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | κεφαλὴ | κεφαλή | NOUN | _ | Case=Nominative|Gender=Feminine|Number=Singular | 3 ἐστιν | nsubj | high | Subject of ἐστιν. |
| 2 | δέ | δέ | PART | _ | _ | 3 ἐστιν | discourse | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | ἐστιν | εἰμί | AUX | _ | Mood=Indicative|Number=Singular|Person=3|Tense=Present|Voice=Active | 0 ROOT | root | high | Copular root for first clause. |
| 4 | αὐτῷ | αὐτός | PRON | _ | Case=Dative|Gender=Masculine|Number=Singular|Person=3|PronType=Prs | 3 ἐστιν | iobj | medium | Likely dative of reference/possessor with εἰμί. |
| 5 | πλατεῖα | πλατύς | ADJ | _ | Case=Nominative|Gender=Feminine|Number=Singular | 1 κεφαλὴ | amod | high | Predicate adjective agreeing with κεφαλή. |
| 6 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 8 στενός | cc | high | Coordinates adjectives. |
| 7 | τράχηλος | τράχηλος | NOUN | _ | Case=Nominative|Gender=Masculine|Number=Singular | 3 ἐστιν | conj | high | Second coordinated predicate nominal. |
| 8 | στενός | στενός | ADJ | _ | Case=Nominative|Gender=Masculine|Number=Singular | 7 τράχηλος | amod | high | Predicate adjective agreeing with τράχηλος. |
| 9 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 3 ἐστιν | punct | high | Comma punctuation. |
| 10 | γαστέρα | γαστήρ | NOUN | _ | Case=Accusative|Gender=Feminine|Number=Singular | 12 ἔχει | obj | high | Direct object of ἔχει. |
| 11 | δὲ | δέ | PART | _ | _ | 12 ἔχει | discourse | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 12 | ἔχει | ἔχω | VERB | _ | Mood=Indicative|Number=Singular|Person=3|Tense=Present|Voice=Active | 0 ROOT | root | high | Second clause root. |
| 13 | μείζονα | μέγας | ADJ | _ | Case=Accusative|Degree=Comparative|Gender=Feminine|Number=Singular | 10 γαστέρα | amod | high | Modifies γαστέρα. |
| 14 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 16 βραχεῖαν | cc | high | Coordinates adjectives. |
| 15 | οὐρὰν | οὐρά | NOUN | _ | Case=Accusative|Gender=Feminine|Number=Singular | 12 ἔχει | obj | high | Second object of ἔχει. |
| 16 | βραχεῖαν | βραχύς | ADJ | _ | Case=Accusative|Gender=Feminine|Number=Singular | 15 οὐρὰν | amod | high | Modifies οὐράν. |
| 17 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 12 ἔχει | punct | high | Middle dot punctuation. |
βαδίζει δὲ οὗτός τε καὶ ὄφις ἕτερος ὁ κεράστης καλούμενος ἐνδιδόντες ἐς τὰ πλάγια, ὥσπερ οἱ καρκίνοι.
The syntax is loose, with participial agreement and apposition creating some ambiguity; ἐνδιδόντες likely describes the snakes' sideways movement.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | βαδίζει | βαδίζω | VERB | V-PAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main finite verb. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | PART | _ | _ | 1 βαδίζει | discourse | high | Postpositive connective particle. |
| 3 | οὗτός | οὗτος | PRON | P-DSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Dem | 6 ὄφις | nsubj | medium | Likely subject in apposition with ὄφις; form is nominative masculine singular. |
| 4 | τε | τε | PART | _ | _ | 3 οὗτός | cc | high | Correlative/clitic connective. |
| 5 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 6 ὄφις | cc | high | Coordinating conjunction. |
| 6 | ὄφις | ὄφις | NOUN | N-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 1 βαδίζει | nsubj | high | Main subject of βαδίζει. |
| 7 | ἕτερος | ἕτερος | ADJ | A-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 6 ὄφις | amod | high | Attributive adjective modifying ὄφις. |
| 8 | ὁ | ὁ | DET | L-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 9 κεράστης | det | high | Article with κεράστης. |
| 9 | κεράστης | κεράστης | NOUN | N-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 6 ὄφις | appos | high | Appositional noun identifying ὄφις. |
| 10 | καλούμενος | καλέω | VERB | V-PPP-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Mid | 9 κεράστης | acl | high | Participial modifier of κεράστης. |
| 11 | ἐνδιδόντες | ἐνδίδωμι | VERB | V-PAP-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 1 βαδίζει | advcl | medium | Likely adverbial participle; number mismatch with the singular nominal phrase suggests anacoluthon or loose agreement. |
| 12 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | _ | _ | 14 πλάγια | case | high | Preposition taking accusative. |
| 13 | τὰ | ὁ | DET | L-APN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 14 πλάγια | det | high | Article modifying πλάγια. |
| 14 | πλάγια | πλάγιος | ADJ | A-APN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 11 ἐνδιδόντες | obl | high | Prepositional object of ἐνδιδόντες. |
| 15 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 1 βαδίζει | punct | high | Comma punctuation. |
| 16 | ὥσπερ | ὥσπερ | SCONJ | _ | _ | 1 βαδίζει | advcl | medium | Introduces comparative clause; attached to main verb. |
| 17 | οἱ | ὁ | DET | L-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 18 καρκίνοι | det | high | Article with καρκίνοι. |
| 18 | καρκίνοι | καρκίνος | NOUN | N-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 16 ὥσπερ | nsubj | high | Subject of comparative clause ellided with copula/verb omitted. |
| 19 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 1 βαδίζει | punct | high | Sentence-final punctuation. |