Grammar parses for passage 8.4.7
Open translation for this passage
Κλείτορι δὲ τῷ Ἀζᾶνος οὐ γενομένων παίδων, ἐς Αἴπυτον Ἐλάτου περιεχώρησεν ἡ Ἀρκάδων βασιλεία·
The sentence contains a genitive absolute (οὐ γενομένων παίδων) and a main clause in which the Arcadian kingship passed to Aipytus, son of Elatus.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Κλείτορι | Κλείτωρ | PROPN | Neut? | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 4 Ἀζᾶνος | obl | high | Dative of the city/person-name, in the temporal or circumstantial frame. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 12 περιεχώρησεν | cc | high | |
| 3 | τῷ | ὁ | DET | T-DSN | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 4 Ἀζᾶνος | det | high | |
| 4 | Ἀζᾶνος | Ἀζᾶν | PROPN | N-NSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 6 γενομένων | nmod | high | Genitive dependent on the participial construction: 'Azanas having no children'. |
| 5 | οὐ | οὐ | PART | PTC | Polarity=Neg | 6 γενομένων | advmod | high | |
| 6 | γενομένων | γίγνομαι | VERB | V-APP- GPN | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Mood=Part|Number=Plur|Tense=Aor|Voice=Med | 12 περιεχώρησεν | advcl | high | Genitive absolute; the genitive subject is παίδων. |
| 7 | παίδων | παῖς | NOUN | N-GPN | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 6 γενομένων | nsubj | high | Genitive subject of γενομένων. |
| 8 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 12 περιεχώρησεν | punct | high | |
| 9 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | PREP | _ | 10 Αἴπυτον | case | high | |
| 10 | Αἴπυτον | Αἴπυτος | PROPN | N-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 12 περιεχώρησεν | obl | high | Goal/destination of the transfer of kingship. |
| 11 | Ἐλάτου | Ἔλατος | PROPN | N-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 10 Αἴπυτον | nmod | high | Patronymic/genitive dependent on Αἴπυτον: 'Aipytus, son of Elatus'. |
| 12 | περιεχώρησεν | περιχωρέω | VERB | V-IAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main verb: the kingship passed/transferred. |
| 13 | ἡ | ὁ | DET | T-NSF | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 15 βασιλεία | det | high | |
| 14 | Ἀρκάδων | Ἀρκάς | PROPN | N-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 15 βασιλεία | nmod | high | Genitive dependent on βασιλεία. |
| 15 | βασιλεία | βασιλεία | NOUN | N-NSF | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 12 περιεχώρησεν | nsubj | high | |
| 16 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 12 περιεχώρησεν | punct | high |
τὸν δὲ Αἴπυτον ἐξελθόντα ἐς ἄγραν θηρίων μὲν τῶν ἀλκιμωτέρων οὐδέν, σὴψ δὲ οὐ προϊδόμενον ἀποκτίννυσι.
The accusative Αἴπυτον is the object of ἀποκτίννυσι, with ἐξελθόντα and προϊδόμενον as coordinated/associated participles. The first μὲν-clause is an elliptical contrast: οὐδέν [θηρίων ...], ‘none of the more powerful beasts’; σὴψ is the subject of the finite verb.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | τὸν | ὁ | DET | T-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 3 Αἴπυτον | det | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | G- | _ | 17 ἀποκτίννυσι | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | Αἴπυτον | Αἴπυτος | PROPN | N-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 17 ἀποκτίννυσι | obj | high | |
| 4 | ἐξελθόντα | ἐξέρχομαι | VERB | V-2AAP-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 3 Αἴπυτον | acl | high | Circumstantial participle agreeing with Αἴπυτον. |
| 5 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | R- | _ | 6 ἄγραν | case | high | |
| 6 | ἄγραν | ἄγρα | NOUN | N-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 4 ἐξελθόντα | obl | high | Goal/purpose of going out. |
| 7 | θηρίων | θηρίον | NOUN | N-GPN | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 11 οὐδέν | nmod | high | Partitive genitive with οὐδέν. |
| 8 | μὲν | μέν | PART | G- | _ | 11 οὐδέν | discourse | high | Marks the first member of the contrast. |
| 9 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | T-GPN | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 10 ἀλκιμωτέρων | det | high | |
| 10 | ἀλκιμωτέρων | ἀλκίμος | ADJ | A-GPN-C | Case=Gen|Degree=Cmp|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 7 θηρίων | amod | high | Substantivized/attributive adjective. |
| 11 | οὐδέν | οὐδείς | PRON | A-NSN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Neg | 4 ἐξελθόντα | obj | medium | Elliptical object/complement in the hunting phrase; syntactically linked to the participial context. |
| 12 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 17 ἀποκτίννυσι | punct | high | |
| 13 | σὴψ | σὴψ | NOUN | N-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 17 ἀποκτίννυσι | nsubj | high | Subject of ἀποκτίννυσι. |
| 14 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | G- | _ | 17 ἀποκτίννυσι | cc | high | Contrasts the scorpion with the hunted beasts. |
| 15 | οὐ | οὐ | PART | D- | _ | 16 προϊδόμενον | advmod | high | |
| 16 | προϊδόμενον | προοράω | VERB | V-2AAP-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 3 Αἴπυτον | acl | medium | Accusative participle agreeing with Αἴπυτον; the scorpion kills him before he notices it. |
| 17 | ἀποκτίννυσι | ἀποκτείνω | VERB | V-PAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 18 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 17 ἀποκτίννυσι | punct | high |
τὸν δὲ ὄφιν τοῦτον καὶ αὐτός ποτε εἶδον·
First-person subject is implicit in εἶδον; τοῦτον modifies ὄφιν, while αὐτός is an emphatic nominative subject pronoun.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | τὸν | ὁ | DET | RA | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 3 ὄφιν | det | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C | _ | 8 εἶδον | cc | high | |
| 3 | ὄφιν | ὄφις | NOUN | N-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 8 εἶδον | obj | high | |
| 4 | τοῦτον | οὗτος | DET | RD-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 3 ὄφιν | det | high | Demonstrative adjective modifying ὄφιν. |
| 5 | καὶ | καί | ADV | D | _ | 6 αὐτός | advmod | high | Adverbial ‘also’; scope is the emphatic subject. |
| 6 | αὐτός | αὐτός | PRON | P-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3 | 8 εἶδον | nsubj | high | Emphatic nominative subject; person is contextually first-person in English translation, but form is third-person pronoun. |
| 7 | ποτε | ποτε | ADV | D | _ | 8 εἶδον | advmod | high | Indefinite temporal adverb, ‘once/sometime’. |
| 8 | εἶδον | ὁράω | VERB | V-1AAI-1S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=1|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Aorist active indicative, first singular; implicit subject conflicts with overt αὐτός, likely emphatic/contextual usage. |
| 9 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 8 εἶδον | punct | high |
κατὰ ἔχιν ἐστὶ τὸν μικρότατον, τέφρᾳ ἐμφερής, στίγμασιν οὐ συνεχέσι πεποικιλμένος·
Compressed verbless/copular description: ἐστὶ governs a series of predicative descriptions, with the final perfect passive participle πεποικιλμένος taking στίγμασιν as a dative of means.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | κατὰ | κατά | ADP | PREP | AdpType=Prep | 2 ἔχιν | case | high | Accusative κατὰ expressing position/extent with ἔχιν. |
| 2 | ἔχιν | ἔχις | NOUN | N-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 3 ἐστὶ | obl | medium | Accusative object of κατά in the idiomatic phrase κατὰ ἔχιν, likely ‘along/in the manner of a viper’; lexical interpretation is somewhat uncertain. |
| 3 | ἐστὶ | εἰμί | VERB | V-PAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Copular/main predicate. |
| 4 | τὸν | ὁ | DET | T-ASM | Case=Acc|Definite=Def|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 5 μικρότατον | det | high | |
| 5 | μικρότατον | μικρός | ADJ | A-ASM-SUP | Case=Acc|Degree=Sup|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 2 ἔχιν | amod | medium | Substantivized/superlative adjective, coordinated semantically with the predicative description; attachment to ἔχιν reflects the phrase’s compressed syntax. |
| 6 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 3 ἐστὶ | punct | high | |
| 7 | τέφρᾳ | τέφρα | NOUN | N-DSF | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 8 ἐμφερής | obl | medium | Dative of resemblance with ἐμφερής, ‘like ash’. |
| 8 | ἐμφερής | ἐμφερής | ADJ | A-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 3 ἐστὶ | conj | medium | Predicative adjective, coordinated with the preceding nominal description; agreement may reflect an elided masculine subject. |
| 9 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 3 ἐστὶ | punct | high | |
| 10 | στίγμασιν | στίγμα | NOUN | N-DPN | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 13 πεποικιλμένος | obl | high | Dative of means/instrument with πεποικιλμένος. |
| 11 | οὐ | οὐ | PART | PART-NEG | Polarity=Neg | 13 πεποικιλμένος | advmod | high | Negates πεποικιλμένος. |
| 12 | συνεχέσι | συνεχής | ADJ | A-DPN | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 10 στίγμασιν | amod | high | Agrees with στίγμασιν. |
| 13 | πεποικιλμένος | ποικίλλω | VERB | V-RMP-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Tense=Perf|Voice=Pass | 3 ἐστὶ | conj | medium | Perfect passive participle, predicative and coordinated with ἐμφερής; finite/copular support is understood. |
| 14 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 3 ἐστὶ | punct | high |
κεφαλὴ δέ ἐστιν αὐτῷ πλατεῖα καὶ τράχηλος στενός, γαστέρα δὲ ἔχει μείζονα καὶ οὐρὰν βραχεῖαν·
The first clause has two coordinated nominative subjects with predicate adjectives under εἰμί; ἔχει introduces a coordinated clause with two accusative objects.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | κεφαλὴ | κεφαλή | NOUN | N-s---fn- | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 3 ἐστιν | nsubj | high | |
| 2 | δέ | δέ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 3 ἐστιν | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | ἐστιν | εἰμί | AUX | V3spia--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 4 | αὐτῷ | αὐτός | PRON | P-----md- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Prs | 3 ἐστιν | iobj | medium | Dative of possession/reference. |
| 5 | πλατεῖα | πλατύς | ADJ | A-s---fn- | Case=Nom|Degree=Pos|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 3 ἐστιν | xcomp | high | Predicate adjective with εἰμί. |
| 6 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 7 τράχηλος | cc | high | |
| 7 | τράχηλος | τράχηλος | NOUN | N-s---mn- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 3 ἐστιν | nsubj | high | Coordinated second subject. |
| 8 | στενός | στενός | ADJ | A-s---mn- | Case=Nom|Degree=Pos|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 7 τράχηλος | xcomp | high | Predicate adjective; coordination is compressed. |
| 9 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 3 ἐστιν | punct | high | |
| 10 | γαστέρα | γαστήρ | NOUN | N-s---fa- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 12 ἔχει | obj | high | |
| 11 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 12 ἔχει | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 12 | ἔχει | ἔχω | VERB | V3spia--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 3 ἐστιν | conj | high | Coordinated clause after the copular clause. |
| 13 | μείζονα | μέγας | ADJ | A-s---fa- | Case=Acc|Degree=Cmp|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 10 γαστέρα | amod | high | Comparative adjective modifying γαστέρα. |
| 14 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 15 οὐρὰν | cc | high | |
| 15 | οὐρὰν | οὐρά | NOUN | N-s---fa- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 12 ἔχει | obj | high | Coordinated object of ἔχει. |
| 16 | βραχεῖαν | βραχύς | ADJ | A-s---fa- | Case=Acc|Degree=Pos|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 15 οὐρὰν | amod | high | Adjective modifying οὐράν. |
| 17 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 3 ἐστιν | punct | high |
βαδίζει δὲ οὗτός τε καὶ ὄφις ἕτερος ὁ κεράστης καλούμενος ἐνδιδόντες ἐς τὰ πλάγια, ὥσπερ οἱ καρκίνοι.
The coordinated subject is οὗτός τε καὶ ὄφις ἕτερος; ἐνδιδόντες is a plural circumstantial participle, and the final ὥσπερ-clause is elliptical ('as crabs do').
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | βαδίζει | βαδίζω | VERB | V-PAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 1 βαδίζει | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | οὗτός | οὗτος | PRON | D-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Dem | 1 βαδίζει | nsubj | high | |
| 4 | τε | τε | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 3 οὗτός | cc | high | Correlative coordination with καί. |
| 5 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 6 ὄφις | cc | high | Coordinates the two subjects. |
| 6 | ὄφις | ὄφις | NOUN | N-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 1 βαδίζει | conj | high | Second coordinated subject. |
| 7 | ἕτερος | ἕτερος | ADJ | A-NSM | Case=Nom|Degree=Pos|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 6 ὄφις | amod | high | |
| 8 | ὁ | ὁ | DET | T-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 9 κεράστης | det | high | |
| 9 | κεράστης | κεράστης | NOUN | N-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 6 ὄφις | appos | high | Apposition to ὄφις; ὁ κεράστης is a substantivized species name. |
| 10 | καλούμενος | καλέω | VERB | V-PPM-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass | 9 κεράστης | acl | high | Attributive/passive participle: 'called the horned one'. |
| 11 | ἐνδιδόντες | ἐνδίδωμι | VERB | V-PAP-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 1 βαδίζει | advcl | high | Predicative circumstantial participle, agreeing with the coordinated plural subject. |
| 12 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | PREP | _ | 14 πλάγια | case | high | |
| 13 | τὰ | ὁ | DET | T-APN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 14 πλάγια | det | high | |
| 14 | πλάγια | πλάγιος | ADJ | A-APN | Case=Acc|Degree=Pos|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 11 ἐνδιδόντες | obl | high | Substantivized neuter plural, 'the sides'; governed by ἐς. |
| 15 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 11 ἐνδιδόντες | punct | high | |
| 16 | ὥσπερ | ὥσπερ | SCONJ | CONJ | _ | 11 ἐνδιδόντες | mark | high | Comparative marker introducing an elliptical comparison. |
| 17 | οἱ | ὁ | DET | T-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 18 καρκίνοι | det | high | |
| 18 | καρκίνοι | καρκίνος | NOUN | N-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 16 ὥσπερ | obl | medium | Nominative in an elliptical comparison: 'as crabs [do]'; attachment is analyzed under ὥσπερ. |
| 19 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 1 βαδίζει | punct | high |