Grammar parses for passage 8.4.8
Open translation for this passage
Ἀγαμήδης μὲν γὰρ καὶ Γόρτυς οἱ Στυμφήλου τέταρτον γένος ἦσαν ἀπὸ Ἀρκάδος, Ἄλεος δὲ τρίτον ὁ Ἀφείδαντος.
The first clause has a genitive-of-descent phrase ἀπὸ Ἀρκάδος; τέταρτον γένος is predicative with ἦσαν. The second clause is elliptical, with Ἄλεος and ὁ Ἀφείδαντος as coordinated subjects and τρίτον as the omitted/understood predicate nominal; οἱ Στυμφήλου is appositional/descent material for Γόρτυς and Ἀγαμήδης. Concord and attachment of οἱ are somewhat uncertain.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Ἀγαμήδης | Ἀγαμήδης | PROPN | N---MS-- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 10 ἦσαν | nsubj | high | |
| 2 | μὲν | μέν | PART | Df | _ | 10 ἦσαν | discourse | high | Correlative particle. |
| 3 | γὰρ | γάρ | PART | Df | _ | 10 ἦσαν | discourse | high | Postpositive explanatory particle. |
| 4 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C--------- | _ | 5 Γόρτυς | cc | high | |
| 5 | Γόρτυς | Γόρτυς | PROPN | N---MS-- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 10 ἦσαν | conj | high | Coordinated with Ἀγαμήδης. |
| 6 | οἱ | ὁ | DET | S---MPN- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 5 Γόρτυς | appos | low | Likely article used substantivally or a relative/pronominal form in an appositional genealogical phrase; attachment is uncertain. |
| 7 | Στυμφήλου | Στύμφηλος | PROPN | N---MSG- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 6 οἱ | nmod | medium | Genitive of descent/relationship. |
| 8 | τέταρτον | τέταρτος | ADJ | A---NSN- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 9 γένος | amod | high | Neuter predicative adjective agreeing with γένος. |
| 9 | γένος | γένος | NOUN | N---NSN- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 10 ἦσαν | xcomp | high | Predicative nominal with ἦσαν. |
| 10 | ἦσαν | εἰμί | AUX | V3PIIA--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Imp|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 11 | ἀπὸ | ἀπό | ADP | R-------- | _ | 12 Ἀρκάδος | case | high | |
| 12 | Ἀρκάδος | Ἀρκάς | PROPN | N---MSG- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 10 ἦσαν | obl | high | Source/descent complement of the predication. |
| 13 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 10 ἦσαν | punct | high | |
| 14 | Ἄλεος | Ἄλεος | PROPN | N---MS-- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 16 τρίτον | nsubj | medium | Subject of an elliptical second predication. |
| 15 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C--------- | _ | 16 τρίτον | cc | high | Adversative/correlative particle. |
| 16 | τρίτον | τρίτος | ADJ | A---NSN- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 10 ἦσαν | conj | medium | Elliptical predicate corresponding to τέταρτον γένος; syntax is compressed. |
| 17 | ὁ | ὁ | DET | S---MSN- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 18 Ἀφείδαντος | det | high | |
| 18 | Ἀφείδαντος | Ἀφείδαντος | PROPN | N---MSG- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 14 Ἄλεος | nmod | medium | Genitive name after the article; likely genealogical identification, though the phrase is textually compressed. |
| 19 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 10 ἦσαν | punct | high |
Ἄλεος δὲ τῇ τε Ἀθηνᾷ τῇ Ἀλέᾳ τὸ ἱερὸν ᾠκοδόμησεν ἐν Τεγέᾳ τὸ ἀρχαῖον καὶ αὐτῷ κατεσκεύαστο αὐτόθι ἡ βασιλεία·
The sentence has two coordinated predicates: ᾠκοδόμησεν takes τὸ ἱερόν as object and τῇ Ἀθηνᾷ τῇ Ἀλέᾳ as dative beneficiary/dedication; κατεσκεύαστο is a middle/pluperfect form with αὐτῷ as a dative possessor/beneficiary and ἡ βασιλεία as subject. The exact force of κατεσκεύαστο is somewhat uncertain.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Ἄλεος | Ἄλεος | PROPN | ne-s---mn- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 10 ᾠκοδόμησεν | nsubj | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | c-------- | _ | 10 ᾠκοδόμησεν | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | τῇ | ὁ | DET | l-s---fd- | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 5 Ἀθηνᾷ | det | high | |
| 4 | τε | τε | CCONJ | c-------- | _ | 5 Ἀθηνᾷ | cc | high | Correlative/連 coordinating particle with a second τῇ. |
| 5 | Ἀθηνᾷ | Ἀθηνᾶ | PROPN | ne-s---fd- | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 10 ᾠκοδόμησεν | obl | high | Dative of dedication/beneficiary. |
| 6 | τῇ | ὁ | DET | l-s---fd- | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 7 Ἀλέᾳ | det | high | |
| 7 | Ἀλέᾳ | Ἀλέα | PROPN | ne-s---fd- | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 5 Ἀθηνᾷ | appos | high | Epithet/name in apposition to Ἀθηνᾷ. |
| 8 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | l-s---na- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 9 ἱερὸν | det | high | |
| 9 | ἱερὸν | ἱερόν | NOUN | a-s---na- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 10 ᾠκοδόμησεν | obj | high | Substantivized adjective, 'sanctuary/temple'. |
| 10 | ᾠκοδόμησεν | οἰκοδομέω | VERB | v3saia--- | Aspect=Aor|Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 11 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | r-------- | _ | 12 Τεγέᾳ | case | high | |
| 12 | Τεγέᾳ | Τεγέα | PROPN | ne-s---fd- | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 10 ᾠκοδόμησεν | obl | high | Locative dative governed by ἐν. |
| 13 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | l-s---na- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 14 ἀρχαῖον | det | high | |
| 14 | ἀρχαῖον | ἀρχαῖος | ADJ | a-s---na- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 9 ἱερὸν | amod | medium | Likely modifies ἱερόν across the intervening locative phrase; could instead be substantivized ('the ancient [one/temple]'). |
| 15 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | c-------- | _ | 17 κατεσκεύαστο | cc | high | Coordinates the second predicate. |
| 16 | αὐτῷ | αὐτός | PRON | p-s---md- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Prs | 17 κατεσκεύαστο | iobj | medium | Dative of possession/benefit; antecedent likely Ἄλεος. |
| 17 | κατεσκεύαστο | κατασκευάζω | VERB | v3slim--- | Aspect=Plup|Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|Voice=Mid | 10 ᾠκοδόμησεν | conj | low | Middle pluperfect; exact lexical force and parsing are uncertain. |
| 18 | αὐτόθι | αὐτόθι | ADV | d-------- | _ | 17 κατεσκεύαστο | advmod | high | Locative adverb, 'there'. |
| 19 | ἡ | ὁ | DET | l-s---fn- | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 20 βασιλεία | det | high | |
| 20 | βασιλεία | βασιλεία | NOUN | n-s---fn- | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 17 κατεσκεύαστο | nsubj | high | |
| 21 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 10 ᾠκοδόμησεν | punct | high |
Γόρτυς δὲ ὁ Στυμφήλου πόλιν Γόρτυνα ᾤκισεν ἐπὶ ποταμῷ· καλεῖται δὲ Γορτύνιος καὶ ὁ ποταμός.
Γόρτυς is the subject of ᾤκισεν, with ὁ Στυμφήλου a genitive patronymic/appositional modifier; Γόρτυνα is the object and πόλιν its accusative predicative/appositional complement. In the second clause, Γορτύνιος is the predicate nominative of καλεῖται, with ὁ ποταμός as subject.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Γόρτυς | Γόρτυς | PROPN | N--NSM- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 7 ᾤκισεν | nsubj | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 7 ᾤκισεν | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | ὁ | ὁ | DET | L--NSM- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 4 Στυμφήλου | det | high | |
| 4 | Στυμφήλου | Στύμφηλος | PROPN | N--GSM- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 1 Γόρτυς | nmod | medium | Genitive patronymic/identifying modifier of Γόρτυς. |
| 5 | πόλιν | πόλις | NOUN | N--ASF- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 6 Γόρτυνα | appos | medium | Appositional/predicative accusative with Γόρτυνα. |
| 6 | Γόρτυνα | Γόρτυς | PROPN | N--ASF- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 7 ᾤκισεν | obj | high | City name, object of ᾤκισεν. |
| 7 | ᾤκισεν | οἰκίζω | VERB | V--AAI3S- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 8 | ἐπὶ | ἐπί | ADP | R-------- | _ | 9 ποταμῷ | case | high | With dative, locative meaning. |
| 9 | ποταμῷ | ποταμός | NOUN | N--DSM- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 7 ᾤκισεν | obl | high | Locative oblique complement. |
| 10 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 7 ᾤκισεν | punct | high | |
| 11 | καλεῖται | καλέω | VERB | V-PPMI3S- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Mid | 7 ᾤκισεν | conj | high | Middle/passive form, coordinated clause. |
| 12 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 11 καλεῖται | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 13 | Γορτύνιος | Γορτύνιος | ADJ | A--NSM- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 11 καλεῖται | xcomp | medium | Predicative adjective/name, agreeing with ὁ ποταμός. |
| 14 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 16 ποταμός | cc | high | |
| 15 | ὁ | ὁ | DET | L--NSM- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 16 ποταμός | det | high | |
| 16 | ποταμός | ποταμός | NOUN | N--NSM- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 11 καλεῖται | nsubj | high | Subject of καλεῖται. |
| 17 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 11 καλεῖται | punct | high |
Ἀλέῳ δὲ ἄρσενες μὲν παῖδες Λυκοῦργός τε καὶ Ἀμφιδάμας καὶ Κηφεύς, θυγάτηρ δὲ ἐγένετο Αὔγη.
Elliptical nominal predicate: ἄρσενες παῖδες are the male children of Aleus, with three coordinated names; θυγάτηρ is the contrasting female child, and ἐγένετο is the finite predicate for Αὔγη.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Ἀλέῳ | Ἀλεός | PROPN | Ne.Dat.Sg | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 5 παῖδες | nmod | high | Dative of possessor/association with παῖδες. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | _ | _ | 5 παῖδες | cc | high | Postpositive adversative/continuative conjunction. |
| 3 | ἄρσενες | ἄρσην | ADJ | A-Nom-Masc-Pl | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 5 παῖδες | amod | high | Adjectival modifier of παῖδες. |
| 4 | μὲν | μέν | PART | _ | _ | 5 παῖδες | discourse | high | Correlative particle, contrasted with δὲ at token 14. |
| 5 | παῖδες | παῖς | NOUN | N-Nom-Masc-Pl | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 0 ROOT | root | high | Nominal predicate/topic; coordinated personal names specify the sons. |
| 6 | Λυκοῦργός | Λυκοῦργος | PROPN | Ne-Nom-Masc-Sg | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 5 παῖδες | appos | high | First appositional name identifying a son. |
| 7 | τε | τε | CCONJ | _ | _ | 6 Λυκοῦργός | cc | high | Coordinating enclitic. |
| 8 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 9 Ἀμφιδάμας | cc | high | Coordinates the second and third names. |
| 9 | Ἀμφιδάμας | Ἀμφιδάμας | PROPN | Ne-Nom-Masc-Sg | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 6 Λυκοῦργός | conj | high | Second appositional name, coordinated with Λυκοῦργος. |
| 10 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 11 Κηφεύς | cc | high | Coordinates the final name. |
| 11 | Κηφεύς | Κηφεύς | PROPN | Ne-Nom-Masc-Sg | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 6 Λυκοῦργός | conj | high | Third appositional name, coordinated with the preceding names. |
| 12 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 5 παῖδες | punct | high | |
| 13 | θυγάτηρ | θυγάτηρ | NOUN | N-Nom-Fem-Sg | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 15 ἐγένετο | nsubj | high | Subject of ἐγένετο, contrasting with the preceding sons. |
| 14 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | _ | _ | 15 ἐγένετο | cc | high | Postpositive conjunction introducing the daughter clause. |
| 15 | ἐγένετο | γίγνομαι | VERB | V-Aor-Med-Ind-3S | Aspect=Perf|Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Mid | 5 παῖδες | conj | high | Finite predicate coordinated with the elliptical first clause; middle aorist means 'was born/came to be'. |
| 16 | Αὔγη | Αὔγη | PROPN | Ne-Nom-Fem-Sg | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 15 ἐγένετο | nsubj | high | Subject/name in apposition to θυγάτηρ. |
| 17 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 5 παῖδες | punct | high |