Pausanias Analysis - Grammar 8.40.1

← 8.39.6 8.40.2 →

Passage 8.40.1

Open translation for this passage

2sentences parsed

82Greek tokens

1,948input tokens

5,731output tokens

Sentence 1

8.40.1 sentence 1

Tokens: 41
Input: 957
Output: 2,845
Total: 3,802

Φιγαλεῦσι δὲ ἀνδριάς ἐστιν ἐπὶ τῆς ἀγορᾶς Ἀρ ρα χίωνος τοῦ παγκρατιαστοῦ, τά τε ἄλλα ἀρχαῖος καὶ οὐχ ἥκιστα ἐπὶ τῷ σχήματι· οὐ διεστᾶσι μὲν πολὺ οἱ πόδες, καθεῖνται δὲ παρὰ πλευρὰν αἱ χεῖρες ἄχρι τῶν γλουτῶν.

The statue is the existential subject; Ἀρραχίωνος is a split proper name functioning as a genitive possessor/apposition with τοῦ παγκρατιαστοῦ. The final clause describes the feet and hands; καθεῖνται is parsed as a passive-form verb meaning ‘lie/are placed’.

#	Form	Lemma	UPOS	XPOS	Features	Head	DepRel	Conf.	Note
1	Φιγαλεῦσι	Φιγαλεύς	PROPN	Ne.Dat.Pl	Case=Dat\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	4 ἐστιν	iobj	high	Dative of possession/location: ‘for the Phigaleans’.
2	δὲ	δέ	CCONJ	C----	_	4 ἐστιν	cc	high
3	ἀνδριάς	ἀνδριάς	NOUN	N--NomSg	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	4 ἐστιν	nsubj	high
4	ἐστιν	εἰμί	AUX	V3SPIA---	Mood=Ind\|Number=Sing\|Person=3\|Tense=Pres\|Voice=Act	0 ROOT	root	high	Existential/copular predicate.
5	ἐπὶ	ἐπί	ADP	R--------	_	7 ἀγορᾶς	case	high	With genitive: location.
6	τῆς	ὁ	DET	L--GenSgF-	Case=Gen\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	7 ἀγορᾶς	det	high
7	ἀγορᾶς	ἀγορά	NOUN	N--GenSgF-	Case=Gen\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	4 ἐστιν	obl	high
8	Ἀρ	Ἀρραχίων	PROPN	Ne-GenSg	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	12 παγκρατιαστοῦ	nmod	low	First segment of split proper name Ἀρ-ρα-χίωνος.
9	ρα	Ἀρραχίων	PROPN	Ne-GenSg	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	8 Ἀρ	flat	low	Middle segment of split proper name.
10	χίωνος	Ἀρραχίων	PROPN	Ne-GenSg	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	12 παγκρατιαστοῦ	nmod	medium	Final segment of split proper name; tokenization prevents a single-name node.
11	τοῦ	ὁ	DET	L--GenSgM-	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	12 παγκρατιαστοῦ	det	high
12	παγκρατιαστοῦ	παγκρατιαστής	NOUN	N--GenSgM-	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	3 ἀνδριάς	nmod	high	Genitive identifying the statue’s owner/subject.
13	,	,	PUNCT	_	_	17 ἀρχαῖος	punct	high
14	τά	ὁ	DET	L--AccPlN-	Case=Acc\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Plur	16 ἄλλα	det	high	Article substantivizing τά ... ἄλλα.
15	τε	τε	CCONJ	C----	_	16 ἄλλα	cc	high	Correlative τε with καί.
16	ἄλλα	ἄλλος	ADJ	A--AccPlN-	Case=Acc\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Plur	17 ἀρχαῖος	obl	medium	Accusative of respect: ‘in other respects’.
17	ἀρχαῖος	ἀρχαῖος	ADJ	A--NomSgM-	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	3 ἀνδριάς	conj	medium	Predicate adjective coordinated with the implicit description of the statue; agreement is masculine singular with ἀνδριάς.
18	καὶ	καί	CCONJ	C----	_	17 ἀρχαῖος	cc	high
19	οὐχ	οὐ	PART	D--------	_	20 ἥκιστα	advmod	high
20	ἥκιστα	ἥκιστα	ADV	D--------	Degree=Sup	17 ἀρχαῖος	advmod	high	Superlative adverb: ‘especially/not least’.
21	ἐπὶ	ἐπί	ADP	R--------	_	23 σχήματι	case	high	With dative: respect/aspect.
22	τῷ	ὁ	DET	L--DatSgN-	Case=Dat\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	23 σχήματι	det	high
23	σχήματι	σχῆμα	NOUN	N--DatSgN-	Case=Dat\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	20 ἥκιστα	obl	high	‘Especially in respect of its form/pose’.
24	·	·	PUNCT	_	_	26 διεστᾶσι	punct	high
25	οὐ	οὐ	PART	D--------	_	26 διεστᾶσι	advmod	high	Negates διεστᾶσι.
26	διεστᾶσι	διΐστημι	VERB	V3PRAI---	Mood=Ind\|Number=Plur\|Person=3\|Tense=Perf\|Voice=Act	0 ROOT	root	medium	Perfect active form, ‘stand apart’; coordinated discourse root after the punctuation.
27	μὲν	μέν	PART	D--------	_	26 διεστᾶσι	discourse	high	Correlative μέν with δέ at token 33.
28	πολὺ	πολύς	ADV	D--------	Degree=Pos	26 διεστᾶσι	advmod	high	Adverbial accusative: ‘much/far’.
29	οἱ	ὁ	DET	L--NomPlM-	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	30 πόδες	det	high
30	πόδες	πούς	NOUN	N--NomPlM-	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	26 διεστᾶσι	nsubj	high
31	,	,	PUNCT	_	_	32 καθεῖνται	punct	high
32	καθεῖνται	καθίημι	VERB	V3PPI---	Mood=Ind\|Number=Plur\|Person=3\|Tense=Pres\|Voice=Pass	26 διεστᾶσι	conj	low	Form is passive/middle-looking; parsed semantically as ‘the hands lie/are placed’.
33	δὲ	δέ	CCONJ	C----	_	32 καθεῖνται	cc	high	Correlative with μέν.
34	παρὰ	παρά	ADP	R--------	_	35 πλευρὰν	case	high	With accusative: alongside/beside.
35	πλευρὰν	πλευρά	NOUN	N--AccSgF-	Case=Acc\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	32 καθεῖνται	obl	high
36	αἱ	ὁ	DET	L--NomPlF-	Case=Nom\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Plur	37 χεῖρες	det	high
37	χεῖρες	χείρ	NOUN	N--NomPlF-	Case=Nom\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Plur	32 καθεῖνται	nsubj	high
38	ἄχρι	ἄχρι	ADP	R--------	_	40 γλουτῶν	case	high	Preposition governing the genitive.
39	τῶν	ὁ	DET	L--GenPlM-	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	40 γλουτῶν	det	high
40	γλουτῶν	γλουτός	NOUN	N--GenPlM-	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	32 καθεῖνται	obl	high	Extent: ‘as far as the buttocks’.
41	.	.	PUNCT	_	_	32 καθεῖνται	punct	high

Sentence 3

8.40.1 sentence 3

Tokens: 41
Input: 991
Output: 2,886
Total: 3,877

καὶ τοῦτο μὲν ἠφάνιστο ὑπὸ τοῦ χρόνου, τῷ δὲ Ἀρραχίωνι ἐγένοντο Ὀλυμπικαὶ νῖκαι δύο μὲν Ὀλυμπιάσι ταῖς πρὸ τῆς τετάρτης καὶ πεντηκοστῆς, ἐγένετο δὲ καὶ ἐν αὐτῇ σὺν δικαίῳ τε ἐκ τῶν Ἑλλανοδικῶν καὶ Ἀρραχίωνος αὐτοῦ τῇ ἀρετῇ.

The first clause has τοῦτο as the accusative object of ἠφάνιστο (middle, ‘had disappeared’), with ὑπό + genitive expressing the agency/cause. In the second clause τῷ Ἀρραχίωνι is a dative possessor/beneficiary with ἐγένοντο; νῖκαι is the subject. The final ἐγένετο is singular by attraction or a separately understood singular νίκη, with σὺν δικαίῳ… describing the judging decision; the exact attachment of τῇ ἀρετῇ is somewhat uncertain.

#	Form	Lemma	UPOS	XPOS	Features	Head	DepRel	Conf.	Note
1	καὶ	καί	CCONJ	Conj	_	4 ἠφάνιστο	cc	high
2	τοῦτο	οὗτος	PRON	Pd-sna	Case=Acc\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing\|PronType=Dem	4 ἠφάνιστο	obj	high
3	μὲν	μέν	PART	Ptcl	_	4 ἠφάνιστο	discourse	high
4	ἠφάνιστο	ἀφανίζω	VERB	V3pluperf-mid-ind	Mood=Ind\|Number=Sing\|Person=3\|Tense=Pluperf\|Voice=Mid	0 ROOT	root	medium	Form is 3rd singular pluperfect middle; in context may be intransitive ‘had disappeared’.
5	ὑπὸ	ὑπό	ADP	P	_	4 ἠφάνιστο	case	high
6	τοῦ	ὁ	DET	Sg-Gsm	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing\|PronType=Art	7 χρόνου	det	high
7	χρόνου	χρόνος	NOUN	N-Gsm	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	5 ὑπὸ	obl	high
8	,	,	PUNCT	_	_	4 ἠφάνιστο	punct	high
9	τῷ	ὁ	DET	Sg-Dsm	Case=Dat\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing\|PronType=Art	11 Ἀρραχίωνι	det	high
10	δὲ	δέ	CCONJ	Conj	_	12 ἐγένοντο	cc	high
11	Ἀρραχίωνι	Ἀρραχίων	PROPN	N-Dsm	Case=Dat\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	12 ἐγένοντο	iobj	high	Dative of possession/recipient.
12	ἐγένοντο	γίγνομαι	VERB	V3pl-aor-mid-ind	Mood=Ind\|Number=Plur\|Person=3\|Tense=Aor\|Voice=Mid	4 ἠφάνιστο	parataxis	high
13	Ὀλυμπικαὶ	Ὀλυμπικός	ADJ	Afp-npn	Case=Nom\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Plur	14 νῖκαι	amod	high
14	νῖκαι	νίκη	NOUN	Nfpn	Case=Nom\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Plur	12 ἐγένοντο	nsubj	high
15	δύο	δύο	NUM	M----	Case=Nom\|NumType=Card\|Number=Plur	14 νῖκαι	nummod	high
16	μὲν	μέν	PART	Ptcl	_	12 ἐγένοντο	discourse	high
17	Ὀλυμπιάσι	Ὀλυμπιάς	NOUN	Nfpd	Case=Dat\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Plur	12 ἐγένοντο	obl	high	Dative of time/reference: ‘in two Olympiads’.
18	ταῖς	ὁ	DET	Pfpd	Case=Dat\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Plur\|PronType=Art	17 Ὀλυμπιάσι	det	high
19	πρὸ	πρό	ADP	P	_	17 Ὀλυμπιάσι	case	high
20	τῆς	ὁ	DET	Sg-Gsf	Case=Gen\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing\|PronType=Art	21 τετάρτης	det	high
21	τετάρτης	τέταρτος	ADJ	Afp-gsf	Case=Gen\|Gender=Fem\|NumType=Ord\|Number=Sing	19 πρὸ	obl	high	Substantivized ordinal, with πεντηκοστῆς coordinated.
22	καὶ	καί	CCONJ	Conj	_	23 πεντηκοστῆς	cc	high
23	πεντηκοστῆς	πεντηκοστός	ADJ	Afp-gsf	Case=Gen\|Gender=Fem\|NumType=Ord\|Number=Sing	21 τετάρτης	conj	high	Substantivized ordinal; understood Ὀλυμπιάδος.
24	,	,	PUNCT	_	_	12 ἐγένοντο	punct	high
25	ἐγένετο	γίγνομαι	VERB	V3sg-aor-mid-ind	Mood=Ind\|Number=Sing\|Person=3\|Tense=Aor\|Voice=Mid	12 ἐγένοντο	parataxis	medium	Singular likely reflects an understood singular νίκη or grammatical attraction.
26	δὲ	δέ	CCONJ	Conj	_	25 ἐγένετο	cc	high
27	καὶ	καί	CCONJ	Conj	_	25 ἐγένετο	advmod	high	Additive particle/adverbial conjunction.
28	ἐν	ἐν	ADP	P	_	29 αὐτῇ	case	high
29	αὐτῇ	αὐτός	PRON	Pfpd	Case=Dat\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing\|PronType=Prs	25 ἐγένετο	obl	high	Refers to the fourth-and-fifty-fourth Olympiad, or its understood period.
30	σὺν	σύν	ADP	P	_	31 δικαίῳ	case	high
31	δικαίῳ	δίκαιος	ADJ	Amsd	Case=Dat\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	25 ἐγένετο	obl	medium	Substantivized: ‘with a just (decision/verdict)’.
32	τε	τε	CCONJ	Conj	_	31 δικαίῳ	cc	medium	Enclitic coordination; exact scope is unclear.
33	ἐκ	ἐκ	ADP	P	_	35 Ἑλλανοδικῶν	case	high
34	τῶν	ὁ	DET	P-gpm	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur\|PronType=Art	35 Ἑλλανοδικῶν	det	high
35	Ἑλλανοδικῶν	Ἑλλανοδίκης	PROPN	N-gpm	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	31 δικαίῳ	obl	high	Proper title/name of the judges, under an ἐκ-phrase.
36	καὶ	καί	CCONJ	Conj	_	37 Ἀρραχίωνος	cc	high
37	Ἀρραχίωνος	Ἀρραχίων	PROPN	N-gsm	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	35 Ἑλλανοδικῶν	conj	medium	Coordinated genitive; syntactic relation to δικαίῳ is compressed/elliptical.
38	αὐτοῦ	αὐτός	PRON	P-gsm	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing\|PronType=Prs	37 Ἀρραχίωνος	nmod:poss	high	‘of himself’; modifies Ἀρραχίωνος.
39	τῇ	ὁ	DET	Sg-Dsf	Case=Dat\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing\|PronType=Art	40 ἀρετῇ	det	high
40	ἀρετῇ	ἀρετή	NOUN	N-sfd	Case=Dat\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	25 ἐγένετο	obl	low	Dative of respect/cause (‘in/by his excellence’); attachment may instead be to the judging phrase.
41	.	.	PUNCT	_	_	25 ἐγένετο	punct	high

← 8.39.6 8.40.2 →