Grammar parses for passage 8.40.1
Open translation for this passage
Φιγαλεῦσι δὲ ἀνδριάς ἐστιν ἐπὶ τῆς ἀγορᾶς Ἀρ ρα χίωνος τοῦ παγκρατιαστοῦ, τά τε ἄλλα ἀρχαῖος καὶ οὐχ ἥκιστα ἐπὶ τῷ σχήματι· οὐ διεστᾶσι μὲν πολὺ οἱ πόδες, καθεῖνται δὲ παρὰ πλευρὰν αἱ χεῖρες ἄχρι τῶν γλουτῶν.
The passage has two main clauses after the opening dative: one with ἐστιν and a second with διεστᾶσι/καθεῖνται; the name Ἀρ ρα χίωνος is transmitted in a split form, so its internal parsing is uncertain.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Φιγαλεῦσι | Φιγάλεια | PROPN | Neut?;DatPl? | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 4 ἐστιν | obl | medium | Dative of recipient/interest; ethnicon form used substantivally, lemma uncertain. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | PART | _ | _ | 4 ἐστιν | discourse | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | ἀνδριάς | ἀνδριάς | NOUN | N-NSF | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 4 ἐστιν | nsubj | high | Subject of ἐστιν. |
| 4 | ἐστιν | εἰμί | VERB | V-PAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Copular predicate head. |
| 5 | ἐπὶ | ἐπί | ADP | R | _ | 7 ἀγορᾶς | case | high | Preposition with genitive. |
| 6 | τῆς | ὁ | DET | ATR | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 7 ἀγορᾶς | det | high | Article modifying ἀγορᾶς. |
| 7 | ἀγορᾶς | ἀγορά | NOUN | N-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 4 ἐστιν | obl | high | Locative PP with ἐπὶ. |
| 8 | Ἀρ | Ἀρ | PROPN | _ | _ | 10 χίωνος | flat | low | Likely first syllable of a broken proper name as transmitted. |
| 9 | ρα | ρα | PROPN | _ | _ | 10 χίωνος | flat | low | Continuation of broken proper name. |
| 10 | χίωνος | Χίων | PROPN | N-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 7 ἀγορᾶς | nmod | medium | Genitive name modifying ἀγορᾶς; tokenization reflects line-break division. |
| 11 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | ATR | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 12 παγκρατιαστοῦ | det | high | Article with παγκρατιαστοῦ. |
| 12 | παγκρατιαστοῦ | παγκρατιαστής | NOUN | N-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 10 χίωνος | nmod | high | Appositive/genitive identifier of Χίωνος. |
| 13 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 4 ἐστιν | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 14 | τά | ὁ | DET | ATR | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 17 ἀρχαῖος | det | high | Article with ἄλλα. |
| 15 | τε | τε | PART | _ | _ | 14 τά | advmod | medium | Enclitic connective with τε...καί. |
| 16 | ἄλλα | ἄλλος | ADJ | A-APN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 17 ἀρχαῖος | amod | high | Predicative/adjectival modifier of ἀρχαῖος. |
| 17 | ἀρχαῖος | ἀρχαῖος | ADJ | A-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 4 ἐστιν | conj | medium | Likely predicate adjective in asyndetic list with omitted ἐστιν. |
| 18 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 20 ἥκιστα | cc | high | Coordinator. |
| 19 | οὐχ | οὐ | PART | _ | _ | 20 ἥκιστα | advmod | high | Negation modifying ἥκιστα. |
| 20 | ἥκιστα | ἥκιστα | ADV | B- | _ | 17 ἀρχαῖος | conj | high | Coordinated adverbial/predicate phrase with ἀρχαῖος. |
| 21 | ἐπὶ | ἐπί | ADP | R | _ | 23 σχήματι | case | high | Preposition with dative. |
| 22 | τῷ | ὁ | DET | ATR | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 23 σχήματι | det | high | Article with σχήματι. |
| 23 | σχήματι | σχῆμα | NOUN | N-DSN | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 17 ἀρχαῖος | obl | high | Dative complement of ἐπί. |
| 24 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 4 ἐστιν | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 25 | οὐ | οὐ | PART | _ | _ | 26 διεστᾶσι | advmod | high | Negation. |
| 26 | διεστᾶσι | διΐστημι | VERB | V-RAI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Perf|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | medium | Verb of second clause; perfect form with present sense. |
| 27 | μὲν | μέν | PART | _ | _ | 26 διεστᾶσι | discourse | high | Correlative particle. |
| 28 | πολὺ | πολύ | ADV | D- | _ | 26 διεστᾶσι | advmod | high | Adverb modifying διεστᾶσι. |
| 29 | οἱ | ὁ | DET | ATR | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 30 πόδες | det | high | Article with πόδες. |
| 30 | πόδες | πούς | NOUN | N-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 26 διεστᾶσι | nsubj | high | Subject of διεστᾶσι. |
| 31 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 26 διεστᾶσι | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 32 | καθεῖνται | κάθημαι | VERB | V-PII-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | medium | Second main clause; form is likely from κάθημαι 'are seated/lie'. |
| 33 | δὲ | δέ | PART | _ | _ | 32 καθεῖνται | discourse | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 34 | παρὰ | παρά | ADP | R | _ | 35 πλευρὰν | case | high | Preposition with accusative. |
| 35 | πλευρὰν | πλευρά | NOUN | N-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 32 καθεῖνται | obl | high | Adverbial PP complement of καθεῖνται. |
| 36 | αἱ | ὁ | DET | ATR | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 37 χεῖρες | det | high | Article with χεῖρες. |
| 37 | χεῖρες | χείρ | NOUN | N-NPF | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 32 καθεῖνται | nsubj | high | Subject of καθεῖνται. |
| 38 | ἄχρι | ἄχρι | ADP | R | _ | 40 γλουτῶν | case | high | Preposition with genitive. |
| 39 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | ATR | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 40 γλουτῶν | det | high | Article with γλουτῶν. |
| 40 | γλουτῶν | γλουτός | NOUN | N-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 32 καθεῖνται | obl | high | Genitive limit with ἄχρι. |
| 41 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 32 καθεῖνται | punct | high | Punctuation. |
πεποίηται μὲν δὴ ἡ εἰκὼν λίθου, λέγουσι δὲ καὶ ἐπίγραμμα ἐπʼ αὐτὴν γραφῆναι·
The clause λέγουσι δὲ καὶ ἐπίγραμμα ἐπʼ αὐτὴν γραφῆναι is a paratactic report; ἐπίγραμμα is treated as the object of λέγουσι with an infinitival modifier.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | πεποίηται | ποιέω | VERB | V-RAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Perf|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main finite verb. |
| 2 | μὲν | μέν | PART | G-------- | _ | 1 πεποίηται | discourse | high | Correlative particle with δή. |
| 3 | δὴ | δή | PART | G-------- | _ | 1 πεποίηται | discourse | high | Emphatic particle. |
| 4 | ἡ | ὁ | DET | L-3SNSF- | Case=Nom|Definite=Def|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 5 εἰκὼν | det | high | Article modifying εἰκών. |
| 5 | εἰκὼν | εἰκών | NOUN | N-3SNSF- | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 1 πεποίηται | nsubj | high | Subject of πεποίηται. |
| 6 | λίθου | λίθος | NOUN | N-3SMSG- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 5 εἰκὼν | nmod | high | Material genitive. |
| 7 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 1 πεποίηται | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 8 | λέγουσι | λέγω | VERB | V-PAI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 1 πεποίηται | parataxis | high | Second clause paratactic to the first. |
| 9 | δὲ | δέ | PART | G-------- | _ | 8 λέγουσι | discourse | high | Connective particle. |
| 10 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 11 ἐπίγραμμα | cc | high | Coordinate/additive conjunction. |
| 11 | ἐπίγραμμα | ἐπίγραμμα | NOUN | N-3NSNA- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 8 λέγουσι | obj | medium | Likely object of λέγουσι; could be promoted subject in indirect statement, but object is simpler. |
| 12 | ἐπʼ | ἐπί | ADP | R-------- | _ | 14 γραφῆναι | case | high | Governed by γραφῆναι. |
| 13 | αὐτὴν | αὐτός | PRON | A-3ASF- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Prs | 14 γραφῆναι | obl | high | Object of preposition ἐπʼ. |
| 14 | γραφῆναι | γράφω | VERB | V-ANP | Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Pass | 11 ἐπίγραμμα | acl | high | Infinitival clause modifying ἐπίγραμμα. |
| 15 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 1 πεποίηται | punct | high | Punctuation. |
καὶ τοῦτο μὲν ἠφάνιστο ὑπὸ τοῦ χρόνου, τῷ δὲ Ἀρραχίωνι ἐγένοντο Ὀλυμπικαὶ νῖκαι δύο μὲν Ὀλυμπιάσι ταῖς πρὸ τῆς τετάρτης καὶ πεντηκοστῆς, ἐγένετο δὲ καὶ ἐν αὐτῇ σὺν δικαίῳ τε ἐκ τῶν Ἑλλανοδικῶν καὶ Ἀρραχίωνος αὐτοῦ τῇ ἀρετῇ.
Two coordinated clauses with dative of reference/construction; participial/prepositional phrases modify the second clause, and the first clause has an impersonal/passive-like perfect form with accusative subject.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 4 ἠφάνιστο | cc | high | Coordinates the clause/phrase with the following material. |
| 2 | τοῦτο | οὗτος | PRON | PD--NSN- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 4 ἠφάνιστο | nsubj | high | Subject of ἠφάνιστο. |
| 3 | μὲν | μέν | PART | PART | _ | 4 ἠφάνιστο | discourse | high | Correlative particle. |
| 4 | ἠφάνιστο | ἀφανίζω | VERB | V-3SIP-- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Imp|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main verb of first clause. |
| 5 | ὑπὸ | ὑπό | ADP | R-- | _ | 7 χρόνου | case | high | Introduces agent/source phrase. |
| 6 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | l-s---mg- | Case=Gen|Definite=Def|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 7 χρόνου | det | high | Article with χρόνου. |
| 7 | χρόνου | χρόνος | NOUN | n-s---mg- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 4 ἠφάνιστο | obl | high | Genitive complement of ὑπό. |
| 8 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 4 ἠφάνιστο | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 9 | τῷ | ὁ | DET | l-s---md- | Case=Dat|Definite=Def|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 12 ἐγένοντο | det | high | Article with Ἀρραχίωνι. |
| 10 | δὲ | δέ | PART | PART | _ | 12 ἐγένοντο | discourse | high | Discourse/correlative particle. |
| 11 | Ἀρραχίωνι | Ἀρραχίων | PROPN | n-s---md- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 12 ἐγένοντο | iobj | high | Dative of reference/possessor with ἐγένοντο. |
| 12 | ἐγένοντο | γίγνομαι | VERB | V-3PAM-- | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main verb of second clause. |
| 13 | Ὀλυμπικαὶ | Ὀλυμπικός | ADJ | a-p---fn- | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 14 νῖκαι | amod | high | Modifies νῖκαι. |
| 14 | νῖκαι | νίκη | NOUN | n-p---fn- | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 12 ἐγένοντο | nsubj | high | Subject of ἐγένοντο. |
| 15 | δύο | δύο | NUM | m-p---na- | Case=Acc|Number=Plur | 14 νῖκαι | nummod | medium | Likely numeral modifying νῖκαι; case form is invariant/ambiguous. |
| 16 | μὲν | μέν | PART | PART | _ | 12 ἐγένοντο | discourse | high | Correlative particle. |
| 17 | Ὀλυμπιάσι | Ὀλυμπιάς | NOUN | n-p---fd- | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 12 ἐγένοντο | obl | high | Temporal dative, with ταῖς appositional/related article. |
| 18 | ταῖς | ὁ | DET | l-p---fd- | Case=Dat|Definite=Def|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 17 Ὀλυμπιάσι | det | high | Article with Ὀλυμπιάσι. |
| 19 | πρὸ | πρό | ADP | R-- | _ | 21 τετάρτης | case | high | Preposition governing genitive. |
| 20 | τῆς | ὁ | DET | l-s---fg- | Case=Gen|Definite=Def|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 23 πεντηκοστῆς | det | high | Article with πεντηκοστῆς (ellipsis of Ὀλυμπιάδος / Ὀλυμπιάδος understood). |
| 21 | τετάρτης | τέταρτος | ADJ | a-s---fg- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 19 πρὸ | obl | medium | Part of the phrase πρὸ τῆς τετάρτης; likely feminine ordinal used elliptically. |
| 22 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 23 πεντηκοστῆς | cc | high | Coordinates ordinal adjectives. |
| 23 | πεντηκοστῆς | πεντηκοστός | ADJ | a-s---fg- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 21 τετάρτης | conj | high | Conjoined with τετάρτης. |
| 24 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 12 ἐγένοντο | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 25 | ἐγένετο | γίγνομαι | VERB | V-3SAM-- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main verb of third clause. |
| 26 | δὲ | δέ | PART | PART | _ | 25 ἐγένετο | discourse | high | Discourse/correlative particle. |
| 27 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 28 ἐν | cc | high | Coordinates prepositional phrases. |
| 28 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | R-- | _ | 25 ἐγένετο | obl | high | Introduces locative/temporal phrase. |
| 29 | αὐτῇ | αὐτός | PRON | p-s---fd- | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 28 ἐν | obj | medium | Object/complement of ἐν; refers to the Olympiad. |
| 30 | σὺν | σύν | ADP | R-- | _ | 31 δικαίῳ | case | high | Preposition governing dative. |
| 31 | δικαίῳ | δίκαιος | ADJ | a-s---md- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 25 ἐγένετο | obl | medium | Likely dative complement of σὺν; semantic role somewhat unclear. |
| 32 | τε | τε | PART | PART | _ | 31 δικαίῳ | discourse | high | Enclitic connective particle. |
| 33 | ἐκ | ἐκ | ADP | R-- | _ | 35 Ἑλλανοδικῶν | case | high | Introduces source phrase. |
| 34 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | l-p---mg- | Case=Gen|Definite=Def|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 35 Ἑλλανοδικῶν | det | high | Article with Ἑλλανοδικῶν. |
| 35 | Ἑλλανοδικῶν | Ἑλλανοδίκης | NOUN | n-p---mg- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 25 ἐγένετο | obl | high | Genitive complement of ἐκ. |
| 36 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 37 Ἀρραχίωνος | cc | high | Coordinates genitive noun phrases. |
| 37 | Ἀρραχίωνος | Ἀρραχίων | PROPN | n-s---mg- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 35 Ἑλλανοδικῶν | conj | high | Conjoined with Ἑλλανοδικῶν in the ἐκ phrase. |
| 38 | αὐτοῦ | αὐτός | PRON | p-s---mg- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 37 Ἀρραχίωνος | amod | medium | Possessive/intensive modifier of Ἀρραχίωνος. |
| 39 | τῇ | ὁ | DET | l-s---fd- | Case=Dat|Definite=Def|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 40 ἀρετῇ | det | high | Article with ἀρετῇ. |
| 40 | ἀρετῇ | ἀρετή | NOUN | n-s---fd- | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 25 ἐγένετο | obl | high | Dative of means/respect with ἐγένετο. |
| 41 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 25 ἐγένετο | punct | high | Punctuation. |