Pausanias Analysis - Grammar 8.40.2

← 8.40.1 8.40.3 →

Passage 8.40.2

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3sentences parsed

85Greek tokens

2,601input tokens

5,959output tokens

Sentence 1

8.40.2 sentence 1

Tokens: 37
Input: 963
Output: 2,515
Total: 3,478

ὡς γὰρ δὴ πρὸς τὸν καταλειπόμενον ἔτι τῶν ἀνταγωνιστῶν ἐμάχετο ὑπὲρ τοῦ κοτίνου, ὁ μὲν προέλαβεν ὅστις δὴ ὁ ἀνταγωνιζόμενος καὶ τοῖς ποσὶ τὸν Ἀρραχίωνα εἶχεν ἐζωκὼς καὶ τὸν τράχηλον ἐπίεζεν ἅμα αὐτοῦ ταῖς χερσίν·

ὡς introduces a causal subordinate clause; the relative clause headed by ὅστις is resumed by the main-clause subject ὁ ἀνταγωνιζόμενος. ἐζωκώς is an aorist active participle of ζώω, coordinated with the imperfect ἐπίεζεν.

#	Form	Lemma	UPOS	XPOS	Features	Head	DepRel	Conf.	Note
1	ὡς	ὡς	SCONJ	CONJ	_	10 ἐμάχετο	mark	high
2	γὰρ	γάρ	PART	PART	_	10 ἐμάχετο	discourse	high
3	δὴ	δή	PART	PART	_	10 ἐμάχετο	discourse	high
4	πρὸς	πρός	ADP	PREP	_	10 ἐμάχετο	case	high
5	τὸν	ὁ	DET	T-ASM	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	6 καταλειπόμενον	det	high
6	καταλειπόμενον	καταλείπω	VERB	V-PMP-ASM	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Mood=Part\|Number=Sing\|Tense=Pres\|Voice=Pass	4 πρὸς	obl	high
7	ἔτι	ἔτι	ADV	ADV	_	6 καταλειπόμενον	advmod	high
8	τῶν	ὁ	DET	T-GPM	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	9 ἀνταγωνιστῶν	det	high
9	ἀνταγωνιστῶν	ἀνταγωνιστής	NOUN	N-GPM	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	6 καταλειπόμενον	obl	high	Partitive genitive: ‘the one remaining of the competitors’.
10	ἐμάχετο	μάχομαι	VERB	V-IMI-3S	Mood=Ind\|Number=Sing\|Person=3\|Tense=Imp\|Voice=Mid	0 ROOT	root	high
11	ὑπὲρ	ὑπέρ	ADP	PREP	_	13 κοτίνου	case	high
12	τοῦ	ὁ	DET	T-GSM	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	13 κοτίνου	det	high
13	κοτίνου	κότινος	NOUN	N-GSM	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	10 ἐμάχετο	obl	high
14	,	,	PUNCT	_	_	10 ἐμάχετο	punct	high
15	ὁ	ὁ	DET	T-NSM	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	21 ἀνταγωνιζόμενος	det	high
16	μὲν	μέν	PART	PART	_	17 προέλαβεν	discourse	high
17	προέλαβεν	προλαμβάνω	VERB	V-AAI-3S	Mood=Ind\|Number=Sing\|Person=3\|Tense=Aor\|Voice=Act	10 ἐμάχετο	parataxis	medium	Main narrative verb, loosely coordinated with ἐμάχετο.
18	ὅστις	ὅστις	PRON	P-NSM	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing\|PronType=Rel	21 ἀνταγωνιζόμενος	nsubj	medium	Relative pronoun introduces an explanatory relative clause.
19	δὴ	δή	PART	PART	_	18 ὅστις	discourse	high
20	ὁ	ὁ	DET	T-NSM	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	21 ἀνταγωνιζόμενος	det	high
21	ἀνταγωνιζόμενος	ἀνταγωνίζομαι	VERB	V-PMP-NSM	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Mood=Part\|Number=Sing\|Tense=Pres\|Voice=Mid	17 προέλαβεν	appos	medium	Articular participle, appositional/explanatory to ὅστις.
22	καὶ	καί	CCONJ	CONJ	_	27 εἶχεν	cc	high
23	τοῖς	ὁ	DET	T-DPM	Case=Dat\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	24 ποσὶ	det	high
24	ποσὶ	πούς	NOUN	N-DPM	Case=Dat\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	27 εἶχεν	obl	high	Dative of means/instrument.
25	τὸν	ὁ	DET	T-ASM	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	26 Ἀρραχίωνα	det	high
26	Ἀρραχίωνα	Ἀρραχίων	PROPN	N-ASM	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	27 εἶχεν	obj	high
27	εἶχεν	ἔχω	VERB	V-IAI-3S	Mood=Ind\|Number=Sing\|Person=3\|Tense=Imp\|Voice=Act	21 ἀνταγωνιζόμενος	conj	high
28	ἐζωκὼς	ζώω	VERB	V-2AAP-NSM	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Mood=Part\|Number=Sing\|Tense=Aor\|Voice=Act	27 εἶχεν	advcl	low	Form and syntax are difficult; treated as an aorist active participle, likely circumstantial.
29	καὶ	καί	CCONJ	CONJ	_	32 ἐπίεζεν	cc	high
30	τὸν	ὁ	DET	T-ASM	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	31 τράχηλον	det	high
31	τράχηλον	τράχηλος	NOUN	N-ASM	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	32 ἐπίεζεν	obj	high
32	ἐπίεζεν	πιέζω	VERB	V-IAI-3S	Mood=Ind\|Number=Sing\|Person=3\|Tense=Imp\|Voice=Act	21 ἀνταγωνιζόμενος	conj	high
33	ἅμα	ἅμα	ADV	ADV	_	32 ἐπίεζεν	advmod	high	Adverbial ‘at the same time’.
34	αὐτοῦ	αὐτός	PRON	P-GSM	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing\|PronType=Prs	32 ἐπίεζεν	obl	high	Genitive with ἅμα, ‘at the same time as him’.
35	ταῖς	ὁ	DET	T-DPF	Case=Dat\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Plur	36 χερσίν	det	high
36	χερσίν	χείρ	NOUN	N-DPF	Case=Dat\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Plur	32 ἐπίεζεν	obl	high	Dative of means/instrument.
37	·	·	PUNCT	_	_	10 ἐμάχετο	punct	high

Sentence 2

8.40.2 sentence 2

Tokens: 36
Input: 953
Output: 2,549
Total: 3,502

ὁ δὲ Ἀρραχίων ἐκκλᾷ τῶν ἐν τῷ ποδὶ τοῦ ἀνταγωνιζομένου δάκτυλον, καὶ Ἀρραχίων τε τὴν ψυχὴν ἀφίησιν ἀγχόμενος καὶ ὁ ἄγχων τὸν Ἀρραχίωνα ὑπὸ τοῦ δακτύλου τῆς ὀδύνης κατὰ τὸν καιρὸν ἀπαγορεύει τὸν αὐτόν.

The sentence has coordinated clauses with τε ... καί: Arrhachion dies while being choked, while the choker gives up at the same decisive moment because of pain from the finger. The ὑπὸ τοῦ δακτύλου τῆς ὀδύνης phrase is syntactically difficult; the analysis treats it as an oblique source/agent phrase.

#	Form	Lemma	UPOS	XPOS	Features	Head	DepRel	Conf.	Note
1	ὁ	ὁ	DET	P-NSM	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	3 Ἀρραχίων	det	high
2	δὲ	δέ	CCONJ	CONJ	_	4 ἐκκλᾷ	cc	high	Postpositive connective.
3	Ἀρραχίων	Ἀρραχίων	PROPN	N-NSM	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	4 ἐκκλᾷ	nsubj	high
4	ἐκκλᾷ	ἐκκλάω	VERB	V-PAI-3S	Mood=Ind\|Number=Sing\|Person=3\|Tense=Pres\|Voice=Act	0 ROOT	root	medium	Likely active present: turns/bends away the opponent's finger.
5	τῶν	ὁ	DET	P-GPM	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	10 ἀνταγωνιζομένου	det	high
6	ἐν	ἐν	ADP	PREP	_	8 ποδὶ	case	high
7	τῷ	ὁ	DET	P-DSM	Case=Dat\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	8 ποδὶ	det	high
8	ποδὶ	πούς	NOUN	N-DSM	Case=Dat\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	10 ἀνταγωνιζομένου	obl	high
9	τοῦ	ὁ	DET	P-GSM	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	10 ἀνταγωνιζομένου	det	high
10	ἀνταγωνιζομένου	ἀνταγωνίζομαι	VERB	V-PMP-GSM	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Mood=Part\|Number=Sing\|Tense=Pres\|Voice=Mid	11 δάκτυλον	nmod	high	Genitive substantive participle: the contestant/opponent.
11	δάκτυλον	δάκτυλος	NOUN	N-ASM	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	4 ἐκκλᾷ	obj	high
12	,	,	PUNCT	_	_	4 ἐκκλᾷ	punct	high
13	καὶ	καί	CCONJ	CONJ	_	18 ἀφίησιν	cc	high
14	Ἀρραχίων	Ἀρραχίων	PROPN	N-NSM	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	18 ἀφίησιν	nsubj	high
15	τε	τε	CCONJ	CONJ	_	18 ἀφίησιν	cc	high	Correlative τε with later καί.
16	τὴν	ὁ	DET	P-ASF	Case=Acc\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	17 ψυχὴν	det	high
17	ψυχὴν	ψυχή	NOUN	N-ASF	Case=Acc\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	18 ἀφίησιν	obj	high
18	ἀφίησιν	ἀφίημι	VERB	V-PAI-3S	Mood=Ind\|Number=Sing\|Person=3\|Tense=Pres\|Voice=Act	4 ἐκκλᾷ	conj	high	Coordinates with the following ἀπαγορεύει through τε ... καί.
19	ἀγχόμενος	ἄγχω	VERB	V-PMP-NSM	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Mood=Part\|Number=Sing\|Tense=Pres\|Voice=Mid	18 ἀφίησιν	advcl	high	Circumstantial participle, subject coreferential with Ἀρραχίων.
20	καὶ	καί	CCONJ	CONJ	_	33 ἀπαγορεύει	cc	high	Second member of τε ... καί.
21	ὁ	ὁ	DET	P-NSM	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	22 ἄγχων	det	high
22	ἄγχων	ἄγχω	VERB	V-PAP-NSM	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Mood=Part\|Number=Sing\|Tense=Pres\|Voice=Act	33 ἀπαγορεύει	nsubj	high	Substantivized participle: the one choking him.
23	τὸν	ὁ	DET	P-ASM	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	24 Ἀρραχίωνα	det	high
24	Ἀρραχίωνα	Ἀρραχίων	PROPN	N-ASM	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	22 ἄγχων	obj	high
25	ὑπὸ	ὑπό	ADP	PREP	_	27 δακτύλου	case	high
26	τοῦ	ὁ	DET	P-GSF	Case=Gen\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	27 δακτύλου	det	high	Article agrees with masculine δακτύλου; gender form is syncretic/possibly textual irregularity.
27	δακτύλου	δάκτυλος	NOUN	N-GSM	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	33 ἀπαγορεύει	obl	medium	Agent/source-like ὑπό phrase: under/from the finger's pain; local syntax is difficult.
28	τῆς	ὁ	DET	P-GSF	Case=Gen\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	29 ὀδύνης	det	high
29	ὀδύνης	ὀδύνη	NOUN	N-GSF	Case=Gen\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	27 δακτύλου	nmod	high	Genitive dependent on δακτύλου.
30	κατὰ	κατά	ADP	PREP	_	32 καιρὸν	case	high
31	τὸν	ὁ	DET	P-ASM	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	32 καιρὸν	det	high
32	καιρὸν	καιρός	NOUN	N-ASM	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	33 ἀπαγορεύει	obl	high	Temporal κατά phrase.
33	ἀπαγορεύει	ἀπαγορεύω	VERB	V-PAI-3S	Mood=Ind\|Number=Sing\|Person=3\|Tense=Pres\|Voice=Act	18 ἀφίησιν	conj	medium	Coordinates with ἀφίησιν; means gives up/ceases at the critical moment.
34	τὸν	ὁ	DET	P-ASM	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	35 αὐτόν	det	high
35	αὐτόν	αὐτός	PRON	P-ASM	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	33 ἀπαγορεύει	obj	high	Refers to the same opponent/person.
36	.	.	PUNCT	_	_	4 ἐκκλᾷ	punct	high

Sentence 3

8.40.2 sentence 3

Tokens: 12
Input: 685
Output: 895
Total: 1,580

Ἠλεῖοι δὲ ἐστεφάνωσάν τε καὶ ἀνηγόρευσαν νικῶντα τοῦ Ἀρραχίωνος τὸν νεκρόν.

The object νεκρόν is modified by the genitive τοῦ Ἀρραχίωνος; νικῶντα is a predicative accusative participle agreeing with νεκρόν and dependent on ἀνηγόρευσαν.

#	Form	Lemma	UPOS	XPOS	Features	Head	DepRel	Conf.	Note
1	Ἠλεῖοι	Ἠλεῖος	PROPN	Nb----mn-	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	3 ἐστεφάνωσάν	nsubj	high
2	δὲ	δέ	CCONJ	C--------	_	3 ἐστεφάνωσάν	cc	high	Postpositive connective.
3	ἐστεφάνωσάν	στεφανόω	VERB	V3PAAI---	Mood=Ind\|Number=Plur\|Person=3\|Tense=Aor\|Voice=Act	6 ἀνηγόρευσαν	conj	high	First coordinated finite verb.
4	τε	τε	CCONJ	C--------	_	3 ἐστεφάνωσάν	cc	high	Correlative coordination with καί.
5	καὶ	καί	CCONJ	C--------	_	6 ἀνηγόρευσαν	cc	high
6	ἀνηγόρευσαν	ἀναγορεύω	VERB	V3PAAI---	Mood=Ind\|Number=Plur\|Person=3\|Tense=Aor\|Voice=Act	0 ROOT	root	high
7	νικῶντα	νικάω	VERB	V-S-PAP-AM-	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Mood=Part\|Number=Sing\|Tense=Pres\|Voice=Act	11 νεκρόν	acl	medium	Predicative accusative participle; syntactically associated with the object νεκρόν.
8	τοῦ	ὁ	DET	P-S---MG-	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	9 Ἀρραχίωνος	det	high
9	Ἀρραχίωνος	Ἀρραχίων	PROPN	Nb---mg-	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	11 νεκρόν	nmod	high	Genitive dependent on νεκρόν: the corpse of Arrhachion.
10	τὸν	ὁ	DET	P-S---MA-	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	11 νεκρόν	det	high
11	νεκρόν	νεκρός	NOUN	Nb---ma-	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	6 ἀνηγόρευσαν	obj	high
12	.	.	PUNCT	_	_	6 ἀνηγόρευσαν	punct	high

← 8.40.1 8.40.3 →