Grammar parses for passage 8.40.3
Open translation for this passage
καὶ γὰρ Ἀργεῖοι τεθνεῶτι ἔδοσαν τῷ Κρεύγᾳ τῶν Νεμείων τὸν στέφανον, ὅτι ὁ πρὸς αὐτὸν μαχόμενος Δαμόξενος Συρακόσιος παρέβη τὰ ὡμολογημένα σφίσιν ἐς ἀλλήλους.
The main difficulty is the first clause with τεθνεῶτι + Κρεύγᾳ, which looks like a dative recipient/apposition cluster rather than a straightforward indirect object.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 5 ἔδοσαν | cc | high | Coordinating conjunction linking clauses. |
| 2 | γὰρ | γάρ | PART | _ | _ | 5 ἔδοσαν | discourse | high | Postpositive explanatory particle. |
| 3 | Ἀργεῖοι | Ἀργεῖος | NOUN | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 5 ἔδοσαν | nsubj | high | Subject of ἔδοσαν. |
| 4 | τεθνεῶτι | θνῄσκω | VERB | _ | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Perf|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 5 ἔδοσαν | iobj | medium | Dative participle agreeing with Κρεύγᾳ; likely indirect object/recipient-like relation. |
| 5 | ἔδοσαν | δίδωμι | VERB | _ | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main verb. |
| 6 | τῷ | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 7 Κρεύγᾳ | det | high | Article with Κρεύγᾳ. |
| 7 | Κρεύγᾳ | Κρεύγας | PROPN | _ | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 5 ἔδοσαν | iobj | high | Recipient/collateral dative with τεθνεῶτι. |
| 8 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 9 Νεμείων | det | high | Article with Νεμείων. |
| 9 | Νεμείων | Νέμεια | PROPN | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 11 στέφανον | nmod | medium | Genitive of event/competition modifying στέφανον. |
| 10 | τὸν | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 11 στέφανον | det | high | Article with στέφανον. |
| 11 | στέφανον | στέφανος | NOUN | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 5 ἔδοσαν | obj | high | Direct object of ἔδοσαν. |
| 12 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 5 ἔδοσαν | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 13 | ὅτι | ὅτι | SCONJ | _ | _ | 20 παρέβη | mark | high | Subordinating conjunction introducing causal clause. |
| 14 | ὁ | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 17 μαχόμενος | det | high | Article with participle phrase head. |
| 15 | πρὸς | πρός | ADP | _ | _ | 16 αὐτὸν | case | high | Preposition governing αὐτόν. |
| 16 | αὐτὸν | αὐτός | PRON | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3 | 17 μαχόμενος | obl | high | Object of πρὸς in participial modifier. |
| 17 | μαχόμενος | μάχομαι | VERB | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Mid | 18 Δαμόξενος | amod | medium | Attributive participle modifying Δαμόξενος. |
| 18 | Δαμόξενος | Δαμόξενος | PROPN | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 20 παρέβη | nsubj | high | Subject of παρέβη. |
| 19 | Συρακόσιος | Συρακόσιος | ADJ | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 18 Δαμόξενος | amod | high | Ethnic adjective modifying Δαμόξενος. |
| 20 | παρέβη | παραβαίνω | VERB | _ | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 5 ἔδοσαν | advcl | high | Causal clause predicate governed by ὅτι. |
| 21 | τὰ | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 22 ὡμολογημένα | det | high | Article with ὡμολογημένα. |
| 22 | ὡμολογημένα | ὁμολογέω | VERB | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur|Tense=Perf|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Mid | 20 παρέβη | obj | high | Substantivized participle as object of παρέβη. |
| 23 | σφίσιν | σφεῖς | PRON | _ | Case=Dat|Number=Plur|Person=3 | 22 ὡμολογημένα | obl | high | Dative referring to the parties involved. |
| 24 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | _ | _ | 25 ἀλλήλους | case | high | Preposition with reciprocal pronoun. |
| 25 | ἀλλήλους | ἀλλήλων | PRON | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 20 παρέβη | obl | medium | Directional/reciprocal phrase with ἐς; syntactic attachment somewhat loose. |
| 26 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 5 ἔδοσαν | punct | high | Punctuation. |
αἱ δὲ ἐκ βοέας ὠμῆς ἱμάντες λεπτοὶ τρόπον τινὰ ἀρχαῖον πεπλεγμένοι διʼ ἀλλήλων ἦσαν αἱ μειλίχαι.
Copular periphrastic construction with predicate adjective/participle phrase; the initial and final article-noun phrases are appositional/attributive to the same subject, and τρόπον τινά is adverbial.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | αἱ | ὁ | DET | L- | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 6 ἱμάντες | det | high | Article agreeing with ἱμάντες. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | G | _ | 14 ἦσαν | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | ἐκ | ἐκ | ADP | R | _ | 4 βοέας | case | high | Preposition governing ὠμῆς. |
| 4 | βοέας | βοέα | NOUN | N- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 6 ἱμάντες | nmod | medium | Likely genitive complement of ἐκ; form is unusual/possibly poetic for 'of hide'. |
| 5 | ὠμῆς | ὠμός | ADJ | A- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 4 βοέας | amod | high | Adnominal modifier of βοέας. |
| 6 | ἱμάντες | ἱμάς | NOUN | N- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 14 ἦσαν | nsubj | high | Subject of ἦσαν. |
| 7 | λεπτοὶ | λεπτός | ADJ | A- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 6 ἱμάντες | amod | high | Predicate/attributive adjective modifying ἱμάντες. |
| 8 | τρόπον | τρόπος | NOUN | N- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 14 ἦσαν | obl | medium | Accusative of respect/degree with τρόπον τινά. |
| 9 | τινὰ | τις | DET | P- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Ind | 8 τρόπον | det | high | Indefinite modifier of τρόπον. |
| 10 | ἀρχαῖον | ἀρχαῖος | ADJ | A- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 8 τρόπον | amod | high | Modifier of τρόπον. |
| 11 | πεπλεγμένοι | πλέκω | VERB | V- | Aspect=Perf|Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Perf|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass | 14 ἦσαν | xcomp | medium | Perfect passive participle functioning predicatively with ἦσαν. |
| 12 | διʼ | διά | ADP | R | _ | 13 ἀλλήλων | case | high | Preposition governing ἀλλήλων. |
| 13 | ἀλλήλων | ἀλλήλων | PRON | P- | Case=Gen|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Rcp | 11 πεπλεγμένοι | obl | medium | Likely means 'with one another'; treated as oblique complement of participle. |
| 14 | ἦσαν | εἰμί | AUX | V- | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Imp|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main finite verb. |
| 15 | αἱ | ὁ | DET | L- | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 16 μειλίχαι | det | high | Article introducing appositional/predicative noun phrase. |
| 16 | μειλίχαι | μειλίχιος | ADJ | A- | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 6 ἱμάντες | amod | low | Likely substantivized or predicative adjective agreeing with implicit/explicit subject; syntax is unusual. |
| 17 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 14 ἦσαν | punct | high | Sentence-final punctuation. |