Grammar parses for passage 8.40.4
Open translation for this passage
τότε οὖν ὁ μὲν τὴν πληγὴν ἀφῆκεν ἐς τοῦ Δαμοξένου τὴν κεφαλήν· ὁ δὲ ἀνασχεῖν τὴν χεῖρα ὁ Δαμόξενος ἐκέλευσε τὸν Κρεύγαν, ἀνασχόντος δὲ παίει τοῖς δακτύλοις ὀρθοῖς ὑπὸ τὴν πλευράν,
Two coordinated clauses contrast the first blow with Damoxenus's command; ἀνασχόντος is a genitive absolute, and τοῖς δακτύλοις ὀρθοῖς is an instrumental dative phrase. The final subject of παίει is contextually Damoxenus, though the finite form is morphologically ambiguous.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | τότε | τότε | ADV | D--------- | PronType=Dem | 7 ἀφῆκεν | advmod | high | |
| 2 | οὖν | οὖν | ADV | D--------- | _ | 7 ἀφῆκεν | discourse | high | UD discourse label rendered as discourse. |
| 3 | ὁ | ὁ | DET | P-S---NM- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 7 ἀφῆκεν | nsubj | high | Substantivized article, subject of ἀφῆκεν. |
| 4 | μὲν | μέν | PART | X--------- | _ | 3 ὁ | discourse | high | |
| 5 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | P-S---AF- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 6 πληγὴν | det | high | |
| 6 | πληγὴν | πληγή | NOUN | N-S---AF- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 7 ἀφῆκεν | obj | high | |
| 7 | ἀφῆκεν | ἀφίημι | VERB | V3SAAI--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 8 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | R--------- | _ | 12 κεφαλήν | case | high | |
| 9 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | P-S---MG- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 10 Δαμοξένου | det | high | |
| 10 | Δαμοξένου | Δαμόξενος | PROPN | N-S---MG- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 12 κεφαλήν | nmod | high | |
| 11 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | P-S---AF- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 12 κεφαλήν | det | high | |
| 12 | κεφαλήν | κεφαλή | NOUN | N-S---AF- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 7 ἀφῆκεν | obl | high | |
| 13 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 7 ἀφῆκεν | punct | high | |
| 14 | ὁ | ὁ | DET | P-S---NM- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 21 ἐκέλευσε | nsubj | medium | Substantivized article, likely subject of ἐκέλευσε. |
| 15 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C--------- | _ | 21 ἐκέλευσε | cc | high | |
| 16 | ἀνασχεῖν | ἀνέχω | VERB | V--PAN--- | Mood=Inf|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 21 ἐκέλευσε | xcomp | high | Infinitive complement of ἐκέλευσε. |
| 17 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | P-S---AF- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 18 χεῖρα | det | high | |
| 18 | χεῖρα | χείρ | NOUN | N-S---AF- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 16 ἀνασχεῖν | obj | high | |
| 19 | ὁ | ὁ | DET | P-S---NM- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 20 Δαμόξενος | det | high | Article with proper name. |
| 20 | Δαμόξενος | Δαμόξενος | PROPN | N-S---NM- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 21 ἐκέλευσε | nsubj | high | |
| 21 | ἐκέλευσε | κελεύω | VERB | V3SAAI--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 7 ἀφῆκεν | conj | high | |
| 22 | τὸν | ὁ | DET | P-S---AM- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 23 Κρεύγαν | det | high | |
| 23 | Κρεύγαν | Κρεύγας | PROPN | N-S---AM- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 16 ἀνασχεῖν | obj | high | Accusative subject of the infinitive. |
| 24 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 21 ἐκέλευσε | punct | high | |
| 25 | ἀνασχόντος | ἀνέχω | VERB | V-SGAPM--- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 27 παίει | advcl | high | Genitive absolute with omitted/contextual subject. |
| 26 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C--------- | _ | 25 ἀνασχόντος | cc | high | |
| 27 | παίει | παίω | VERB | V3SPAI--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 21 ἐκέλευσε | conj | medium | Subject is contextually Damoxenus; form may be read as present 3sg. |
| 28 | τοῖς | ὁ | DET | P-P---MD- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 29 δακτύλοις | det | high | |
| 29 | δακτύλοις | δάκτυλος | NOUN | N-P---MD- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 27 παίει | obl | high | Instrumental dative. |
| 30 | ὀρθοῖς | ὀρθός | ADJ | A-P---MD- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 29 δακτύλοις | amod | high | |
| 31 | ὑπὸ | ὑπό | ADP | R--------- | _ | 33 πλευράν | case | high | |
| 32 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | P-S---AF- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 33 πλευράν | det | high | |
| 33 | πλευράν | πλευρά | NOUN | N-S---AF- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 27 παίει | obl | high | Direction/location phrase governed by ὑπό. |
| 34 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 27 παίει | punct | high |
ὑπὸ δὲ ἀκμῆς τε τῶν ὀνύχων καὶ βίας τῆς πληγῆς τὴν χεῖρα ἐς τὸ ἐντὸς καθεὶς καὶ ἐπιλαβόμενος τῶν σπλάγχνων ἐς τὸ ἐκτὸς ἕλκων ἀπέρρηξε.
The finite verb ἀπέρρηξε has a shared nominative subject understood from context; καθείς and ἐπιλαβόμενος are coordinated circumstantial participles, with ἕλκων nested under the latter.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ὑπὸ | ὑπό | ADP | PREP | _ | 3 ἀκμῆς | case | high | Instrumental/causal preposition governing ἀκμῆς and βίας. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 25 ἀπέρρηξε | cc | high | |
| 3 | ἀκμῆς | ἀκμή | NOUN | N-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 8 βίας | conj | high | Genitive complement of ὑπό; coordinated with βίας. |
| 4 | τε | τε | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 3 ἀκμῆς | cc | high | |
| 5 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | T-GPF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 6 ὀνύχων | det | high | |
| 6 | ὀνύχων | ὄνυξ | NOUN | N-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 3 ἀκμῆς | nmod | high | Genitive dependent on ἀκμή. |
| 7 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 8 βίας | cc | high | |
| 8 | βίας | βία | NOUN | N-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 25 ἀπέρρηξε | obl | high | Second genitive object of ὑπό, coordinated with ἀκμῆς. |
| 9 | τῆς | ὁ | DET | T-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 10 πληγῆς | det | high | |
| 10 | πληγῆς | πληγή | NOUN | N-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 8 βίας | nmod | high | Genitive dependent on βία. |
| 11 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | T-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 12 χεῖρα | det | high | |
| 12 | χεῖρα | χείρ | NOUN | N-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 16 καθεὶς | obj | high | Object of καθείς. |
| 13 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | PREP | _ | 15 ἐντὸς | case | high | |
| 14 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | T-ASN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 15 ἐντὸς | det | high | Substantivizing ἐντός. |
| 15 | ἐντὸς | ἐντός | ADV | ADV | _ | 16 καθεὶς | obl | high | Adverbial destination phrase, ‘to the inside’. |
| 16 | καθεὶς | καθίημι | VERB | V-AAP-NMS | Aspect=Perf|Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 25 ἀπέρρηξε | advcl | medium | Aorist participle, subject coreferential with the finite verb; form is καθείς. |
| 17 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 18 ἐπιλαβόμενος | cc | high | |
| 18 | ἐπιλαβόμενος | ἐπιλαμβάνομαι | VERB | V-AMP-NMS | Aspect=Aor|Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Mid | 25 ἀπέρρηξε | advcl | high | Coordinated circumstantial participle. |
| 19 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | T-GPN | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 20 σπλάγχνων | det | high | |
| 20 | σπλάγχνων | σπλάγχνον | NOUN | N-GPN | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 18 ἐπιλαβόμενος | obj | high | Genitive object of ἐπιλαμβάνομαι. |
| 21 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | PREP | _ | 23 ἐκτὸς | case | high | |
| 22 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | T-ASN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 23 ἐκτὸς | det | high | Substantivizing ἐκτός. |
| 23 | ἐκτὸς | ἐκτός | ADV | ADV | _ | 24 ἕλκων | obl | high | Adverbial direction phrase, ‘to the outside’. |
| 24 | ἕλκων | ἕλκω | VERB | V-PAP-NMS | Aspect=Imp|Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 18 ἐπιλαβόμενος | advcl | high | Present participle dependent on ἐπιλαβόμενος, expressing simultaneous pulling. |
| 25 | ἀπέρρηξε | ἀπορρήγνυμι | VERB | V-AAI-3S | Aspect=Perf|Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | medium | Aorist active indicative; lemma and tense morphology may be analyzed as ἀπορρήγνυμι/ἀπορρήγνυω in lexica. |
| 26 | . | . | PUNCT | PUNCT | _ | 25 ἀπέρρηξε | punct | high |