Pausanias Analysis - Grammar 8.41.10

← 8.41.9 8.42.1 →

Passage 8.41.10

Open translation for this passage

4sentences parsed

116Greek tokens

3,452input tokens

8,433output tokens

Sentence 1

8.41.10 sentence 1

Tokens: 34
Input: 913
Output: 2,454
Total: 3,367

ἔστι δὲ ὕδατος ἐν τῷ ὄρει τῷ Κωτιλίῳ πηγή, καὶ ὅπου συνέγραψεν ἤδη τις ἀπὸ ταύτης τῷ ποταμῷ τὸ ῥεῦμα τῷ Λύμακι ἄρχεσθαι, συνέγραψεν οὔτε αὐτὸς θεασάμενος οὔτε ἀνδρὸς ἀκοὴν ἰδόντος·

The sentence has an existential predicate with πηγή as subject; the relative clause ὅπου συνέγραψεν is locative/temporal, and the later infinitive ἄρχεσθαι is the reported content of συνέγραψεν. The final participles are coordinated circumstantial qualifications of the subject of συνέγραψεν; ἰδόντος is genitive agreeing with ἀνδρός in an idiomatic phrase.

#	Form	Lemma	UPOS	XPOS	Features	Head	DepRel	Conf.	Note
1	ἔστι	εἰμί	VERB	V-PAI-3S	Mood=Ind\|Number=Sing\|Person=3\|Tense=Pres\|Voice=Act	0 ROOT	root	high
2	δὲ	δέ	CCONJ	C	_	1 ἔστι	cc	high
3	ὕδατος	ὕδωρ	NOUN	N-GSN	Case=Gen\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	9 πηγή	nmod	high	Partitive genitive with πηγή.
4	ἐν	ἐν	ADP	P	_	6 ὄρει	case	high
5	τῷ	ὁ	DET	D-DSM	Case=Dat\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	6 ὄρει	det	high
6	ὄρει	ὄρος	NOUN	N-DSN	Case=Dat\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	1 ἔστι	obl	high
7	τῷ	ὁ	DET	D-DSN	Case=Dat\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	8 Κωτιλίῳ	det	high
8	Κωτιλίῳ	Κωτίλιον	PROPN	N-DSN	Case=Dat\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	6 ὄρει	appos	high	Place name used appositionally.
9	πηγή	πηγή	NOUN	N-NSF	Case=Nom\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	1 ἔστι	nsubj	high
10	,	,	PUNCT	_	_	1 ἔστι	punct	high
11	καὶ	καί	CCONJ	C	_	13 συνέγραψεν	cc	high
12	ὅπου	ὅπου	ADV	ADV	_	13 συνέγραψεν	advmod	high	Locative/temporal relative adverb.
13	συνέγραψεν	συγγράφω	VERB	V-AAI-3S	Mood=Ind\|Number=Sing\|Person=3\|Tense=Aor\|Voice=Act	26 συνέγραψεν	acl:relcl	high	Relative-clause predicate, with an understood subject resumed by the later main verb.
14	ἤδη	ἤδη	ADV	ADV	_	13 συνέγραψεν	advmod	high
15	τις	τις	PRON	X-NSM	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	13 συνέγραψεν	nsubj	medium	Indefinite pronoun, subject of συνέγραψεν.
16	ἀπὸ	ἀπό	ADP	P	_	17 ταύτης	case	high
17	ταύτης	οὗτος	PRON	D-GSF	Case=Gen\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	24 ἄρχεσθαι	obl	high	Reference to the spring.
18	τῷ	ὁ	DET	D-DSM	_	19 ποταμῷ	case	high
19	ποταμῷ	ποταμός	NOUN	N-DSM	Case=Dat\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	24 ἄρχεσθαι	obl	high	Dative with ἄρχεσθαι, marking the river from which the stream begins.
20	τὸ	ὁ	DET	D-ASN	Case=Acc\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	21 ῥεῦμα	det	high
21	ῥεῦμα	ῥεῦμα	NOUN	N-ASN	Case=Acc\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	24 ἄρχεσθαι	nsubj	high	Accusative subject of the infinitive.
22	τῷ	ὁ	DET	D-DSM	Case=Dat\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	23 Λύμακι	det	high
23	Λύμακι	Λύμαξ	PROPN	N-DSM	Case=Dat\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	24 ἄρχεσθαι	iobj	high	Appositional/identifying dative name for ποταμῷ.
24	ἄρχεσθαι	ἄρχομαι	VERB	V-PMN	Case=Acc\|Mood=Inf\|Number=Sing\|Tense=Pres\|Voice=Mid	13 συνέγραψεν	ccomp	high	Infinitival content clause; the phrase τῷ ποταμῷ τὸ ῥεῦμα ... ἄρχεσθαι means that the stream begins at the river.
25	,	,	PUNCT	_	_	13 συνέγραψεν	punct	high
26	συνέγραψεν	συγγράφω	VERB	V-AAI-3S	Mood=Ind\|Number=Sing\|Person=3\|Tense=Aor\|Voice=Act	1 ἔστι	conj	high	Main predicate resumed after the relative clause.
27	οὔτε	οὔτε	CCONJ	C	_	29 θεασάμενος	cc	high	First member of οὔτε ... οὔτε.
28	αὐτὸς	αὐτός	PRON	P-NSM	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	26 συνέγραψεν	nsubj	high	Intensive pronoun, subject of συνέγραψεν and participle θεασάμενος.
29	θεασάμενος	θεάομαι	VERB	V-AMP-NSM	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing\|Tense=Aor\|Voice=Mid	26 συνέγραψεν	advcl	high	Circumstantial participle, coordinated with ἰδόντος phrase.
30	οὔτε	οὔτε	CCONJ	C	_	33 ἰδόντος	cc	high	Second member of οὔτε ... οὔτε.
31	ἀνδρὸς	ἀνήρ	NOUN	N-GSM	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	32 ἀκοὴν	nmod	high	Genitive dependent on ἀκοήν: report/hearsay of a man.
32	ἀκοὴν	ἀκοή	NOUN	N-ASF	Case=Acc\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	26 συνέγραψεν	obl	high	Accusative object-like phrase with the second coordinated qualification; understood as not having heard a man who saw it.
33	ἰδόντος	ὁράω	VERB	V-2AAP-GSM	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing\|Tense=Aor\|Voice=Act	31 ἀνδρὸς	acl	medium	Genitive aorist participle agreeing with ἀνδρός; the exact attachment of this compressed phrase is syntactically uncertain.
34	·	·	PUNCT	_	_	26 συνέγραψεν	punct	high

Sentence 2

8.41.10 sentence 2

Tokens: 32
Input: 902
Output: 2,486
Total: 3,388

ἃ καὶ ἀμφότερα παρῆσαν ἐμοί· τὸ μὲν ποταμοῦ ῥεῦμα ὂν ἑωρῶμεν, τῆς δὲ ἐν τῷ Κωτιλίῳ πηγῆς οὐκ ἐπὶ πολὺ ἐξικνούμενον τὸ ὕδωρ ἀλλὰ ἐντὸς ὀλίγου παντάπασιν ἀφανὲς γινόμενον.

The sentence coordinates two things present to the speaker: the river's visible stream and the spring's water, which disappears shortly after emerging. Token 11 ὂν is analyzed as a participial copula agreeing with ῥεῦμα; token 23 ἐξικνούμενον and token 31 γινόμενον form a coordinated descriptive participial predicate for τὸ ὕδωρ, with ἀλλὰ joining the contrasting predicates.

#	Form	Lemma	UPOS	XPOS	Features	Head	DepRel	Conf.	Note
1	ἃ	ὅς	PRON	PRON-rel	Case=Acc\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Plur	4 παρῆσαν	nsubj	high	Relative pronoun, subject of παρῆσαν.
2	καὶ	καί	CCONJ	CONJ	_	3 ἀμφότερα	cc	high	Coordinates ἀμφότερα with an understood antecedent/context.
3	ἀμφότερα	ἀμφότερος	PRON	ADJ-NP	Case=Nom\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Plur	4 παρῆσαν	nsubj	high	Substantivized neuter plural, coordinated subject with ἃ.
4	παρῆσαν	πάρειμι	VERB	V-IAI-3P	Mood=Ind\|Number=Plur\|Person=3\|Tense=Past\|Voice=Act	0 ROOT	root	high	Imperfect indicative of πάρειμι, 'were present'.
5	ἐμοί	ἐγώ	PRON	PRON-1S-D	Case=Dat\|Number=Sing\|Person=1	4 παρῆσαν	obl	high	Dative of possession or personal reference.
6	·	·	PUNCT	PUNCT	_	4 παρῆσαν	punct	high
7	τὸ	ὁ	DET	T-NSN	Case=Nom\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	10 ῥεῦμα	det	high	Article substantivizing or determining ῥεῦμα.
8	μὲν	μέν	PART	PART	_	10 ῥεῦμα	discourse	high	First member of μέν...δέ contrast.
9	ποταμοῦ	ποταμός	NOUN	N-GSM	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	10 ῥεῦμα	nmod	high	Genitive dependent on ῥεῦμα, 'river-stream'.
10	ῥεῦμα	ῥεῦμα	NOUN	N-NSN	Case=Nom\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	12 ἑωρῶμεν	obj	high	Object of ἑωρῶμεν; paired with the following τὸ ὕδωρ.
11	ὂν	εἰμί	AUX	V-PAP-NSN	Case=Nom\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing\|Tense=Pres\|Voice=Act	10 ῥεῦμα	cop	medium	Participial form of εἰμί, agreeing with ῥεῦμα; the exact accent/form is transmitted as given.
12	ἑωρῶμεν	ὁράω	VERB	V-IAI-1P	Mood=Ind\|Number=Plur\|Person=1\|Tense=Past\|Voice=Act	4 παρῆσαν	conj	high	Imperfect 'we saw'; coordinated descriptive clause under the preceding assertion.
13	,	,	PUNCT	PUNCT	_	12 ἑωρῶμεν	punct	high
14	τῆς	ὁ	DET	T-GSF	Case=Gen\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	19 πηγῆς	det	high	Article with πηγῆς.
15	δὲ	δέ	CCONJ	CONJ	_	25 ὕδωρ	cc	high	Second member of μέν...δέ contrast.
16	ἐν	ἐν	ADP	PREP	_	18 Κωτιλίῳ	case	high	Preposition governing τῷ Κωτιλίῳ.
17	τῷ	ὁ	DET	T-DSN	Case=Dat\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	18 Κωτιλίῳ	det	high	Article with locative proper noun.
18	Κωτιλίῳ	Κωτίλιον	PROPN	N-DSN	Case=Dat\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	19 πηγῆς	nmod	high	Place-name governed by ἐν.
19	πηγῆς	πηγή	NOUN	N-GSF	Case=Gen\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	25 ὕδωρ	nmod	high	Genitive dependent on τὸ ὕδωρ, 'water of the spring'.
20	οὐκ	οὐ	PART	PART-NEG	Polarity=Neg	23 ἐξικνούμενον	advmod	high	Negates ἐξικνούμενον.
21	ἐπὶ	ἐπί	ADP	PREP	_	22 πολὺ	case	high	Preposition with accusative measure expression.
22	πολὺ	πολύς	ADJ	ADJ-ANS	Case=Acc\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	23 ἐξικνούμενον	obl	high	Accusative extent of time or distance.
23	ἐξικνούμενον	ἐξικνέομαι	VERB	V-PMP-NSN	Case=Nom\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing\|Tense=Pres\|Voice=Mid	25 ὕδωρ	acl	high	Predicative participle modifying τὸ ὕδωρ: 'reaching only a short distance'.
24	τὸ	ὁ	DET	T-NSN	Case=Nom\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	25 ὕδωρ	det	high	Article with ὕδωρ.
25	ὕδωρ	ὕδωρ	NOUN	N-NSN	Case=Nom\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	12 ἑωρῶμεν	obj	high	Second coordinated object of ἑωρῶμεν, with participial description.
26	ἀλλὰ	ἀλλά	CCONJ	CONJ	_	31 γινόμενον	cc	high	Coordinates the contrasting participial predicates.
27	ἐντὸς	ἐντός	ADV	ADV	_	31 γινόμενον	advmod	high	Adverb meaning 'within'; takes genitive ὀλίγου.
28	ὀλίγου	ὀλίγος	ADJ	ADJ-GSN	Case=Gen\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	27 ἐντὸς	obl	high	Genitive complement of ἐντός, 'within a little [distance/time]'.
29	παντάπασιν	παντάπασι	ADV	ADV	_	30 ἀφανὲς	advmod	high	Adverb modifying ἀφανές, 'completely'.
30	ἀφανὲς	ἀφανής	ADJ	ADJ-NSN	Case=Nom\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	31 γινόμενον	xcomp	high	Predicative adjective with γινόμενον.
31	γινόμενον	γίγνομαι	VERB	V-PMP-NSN	Case=Nom\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing\|Tense=Pres\|Voice=Mid	25 ὕδωρ	acl	high	Coordinated participle modifying τὸ ὕδωρ: 'becoming completely invisible'.
32	.	.	PUNCT	PUNCT	_	12 ἑωρῶμεν	punct	high

Sentence 3

8.41.10 sentence 3

Tokens: 16
Input: 728
Output: 1,191
Total: 1,919

οὐ μὴν οὐδὲ ὅπου τῆς Ἀρκάδων ἐστὶν ἡ πηγὴ τῷ Λύμακι, ἐπῆλθε πολυπραγμονῆσαί μοι.

The sentence has a compressed construction with ἐπῆλθε plus dative experiencer μοι and complementary infinitive; τῷ Λύμακι is treated as a separate dative-dependent proper name, though its exact semantic relation is uncertain.

#	Form	Lemma	UPOS	XPOS	Features	Head	DepRel	Conf.	Note
1	οὐ	οὐ	PART	Adv	Polarity=Neg	13 ἐπῆλθε	advmod	high
2	μὴν	μήν	PART	Adverb	_	13 ἐπῆλθε	discourse	high
3	οὐδὲ	οὐδέ	CCONJ	Conj	Polarity=Neg	13 ἐπῆλθε	cc	medium	Negative connective/adverbial particle.
4	ὅπου	ὅπου	ADV	Adv	_	7 ἐστὶν	advmod	high	Locative relative adverb introducing the clause.
5	τῆς	ὁ	DET	Art-Gen-Sg-Fem	Case=Gen\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	6 Ἀρκάδων	det	high
6	Ἀρκάδων	Ἀρκάς	PROPN	N-Gen-Pl	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	9 πηγὴ	nmod	high	Collective ethnic name, genitive plural.
7	ἐστὶν	εἰμί	AUX	V- pres ind act 3sg	Mood=Ind\|Number=Sing\|Person=3\|Tense=Pres\|Voice=Act	9 πηγὴ	cop	high
8	ἡ	ὁ	DET	Art-Nom-Sg-Fem	Case=Nom\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	9 πηγὴ	det	high
9	πηγὴ	πηγή	NOUN	N-Nom-Sg-Fem	Case=Nom\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	13 ἐπῆλθε	nsubj	high	Subject of ἐπῆλθε; embedded ὅπου-clause modifies it.
10	τῷ	ὁ	DET	Art-Dat-Sg-Masc	Case=Dat\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	11 Λύμακι	det	high
11	Λύμακι	Λύμαξ	PROPN	N-Dat-Sg-Masc	Case=Dat\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	13 ἐπῆλθε	obl	medium	Proper name; dative relation to ἐπῆλθε is syntactically somewhat ambiguous.
12	,	,	PUNCT	_	_	13 ἐπῆλθε	punct	high
13	ἐπῆλθε	ἐπέρχομαι	VERB	V-Aor-Act-Ind-3Sg	Mood=Ind\|Number=Sing\|Person=3\|Tense=Aor\|Voice=Act	0 ROOT	root	medium	Aorist form with intransitive/impersonal sense ‘it occurred to’; subject interpretation is syntactically compressed.
14	πολυπραγμονῆσαί	πολυπραγμονέω	VERB	V-Aor-Act-Inf	Mood=Inf\|Tense=Aor\|Voice=Act	13 ἐπῆλθε	xcomp	high	Complementary infinitive.
15	μοι	ἐγώ	PRON	P-Dat-1Sg	Case=Dat\|Number=Sing\|Person=1	13 ἐπῆλθε	iobj	high	Dative experiencer.
16	.	.	PUNCT	_	_	13 ἐπῆλθε	punct	high

Sentence 4

8.41.10 sentence 4

Tokens: 34
Input: 909
Output: 2,302
Total: 3,211

ἔστι δὲ ὑπὲρ τὸ ἱερὸν τοῦ Ἀπόλλωνος τοῦ Ἐπικουρίου χωρίον Κώτιλον μὲν ἐπίκλησιν, Ἀφροδίτη δέ ἐστιν ἐν Κωτίλῳ· καὶ αὐτῇ τε ναός τε ἦν οὐκ ἔχων ἔτι ὄροφον καὶ ἄγαλμα ἐπεποίητο.

The passage contains elliptical descriptive accusatives (Κώτιλον ἐπίκλησιν) and a coordinated clause with τε ... τε; the attachment of ἐπίκλησιν is therefore analyzed provisionally as an adverbial/elliptical modifier of χωρίον.

#	Form	Lemma	UPOS	XPOS	Features	Head	DepRel	Conf.	Note
1	ἔστι	εἰμί	VERB	V-PAI-3S	Mood=Ind\|Number=Sing\|Person=3\|Tense=Pres\|Voice=Act	10 χωρίον	cop	high
2	δὲ	δέ	CCONJ	CONJ	_	10 χωρίον	cc	high
3	ὑπὲρ	ὑπέρ	ADP	PREP	_	10 χωρίον	case	high
4	τὸ	ὁ	DET	T-NSN	Case=Acc\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	5 ἱερὸν	det	high
5	ἱερὸν	ἱερός	NOUN	N-ASN	Case=Acc\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	10 χωρίον	obl	high
6	τοῦ	ὁ	DET	T-GSM	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	7 Ἀπόλλωνος	det	high
7	Ἀπόλλωνος	Ἀπόλλων	PROPN	N-GSM	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	5 ἱερὸν	nmod	high
8	τοῦ	ὁ	DET	T-GSM	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	9 Ἐπικουρίου	det	high
9	Ἐπικουρίου	Ἐπικούριος	PROPN	A-GSM	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	7 Ἀπόλλωνος	amod	high	Epithet agreeing with Ἀπόλλωνος.
10	χωρίον	χωρίον	NOUN	N-NSN	Case=Nom\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	0 ROOT	root	high	Predicate nominative with εἰμί.
11	Κώτιλον	Κώτιλον	PROPN	N-ASN	Case=Acc\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	13 ἐπίκλησιν	obj	medium	Accusative of respect/name in the phrase Κώτιλον ἐπίκλησιν.
12	μὲν	μέν	PART	PART	_	13 ἐπίκλησιν	discourse	high
13	ἐπίκλησιν	ἐπίκλησις	NOUN	N-ASF	Case=Acc\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	10 χωρίον	advcl	medium	Accusative descriptive/appositional phrase, elliptical in construction.
14	,	,	PUNCT	_	_	13 ἐπίκλησιν	punct	high
15	Ἀφροδίτη	Ἀφροδίτη	PROPN	N-NSF	Case=Nom\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	17 ἐστιν	nsubj	high
16	δέ	δέ	CCONJ	CONJ	_	17 ἐστιν	cc	high
17	ἐστιν	εἰμί	VERB	V-PAI-3S	Mood=Ind\|Number=Sing\|Person=3\|Tense=Pres\|Voice=Act	10 χωρίον	conj	high	Second coordinated clause.
18	ἐν	ἐν	ADP	PREP	_	19 Κωτίλῳ	case	high
19	Κωτίλῳ	Κώτιλος	PROPN	N-DSM	Case=Dat\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	17 ἐστιν	obl	high
20	·	·	PUNCT	_	_	17 ἐστιν	punct	high
21	καὶ	καί	CCONJ	CONJ	_	26 ἦν	cc	high
22	αὐτῇ	αὐτός	PRON	P-DSF	Case=Dat\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing\|PronType=Prs	24 ναός	det	medium	Dative possessive/associative with ναός; αὐτῇ τε ... τε coordinates associated elements.
23	τε	τε	CCONJ	CONJ	_	24 ναός	cc	high
24	ναός	ναός	NOUN	N-NSM	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	26 ἦν	nsubj	high
25	τε	τε	CCONJ	CONJ	_	32 ἄγαλμα	cc	high	Correlative τε with preceding τε.
26	ἦν	εἰμί	AUX	V-IAI-3S	Mood=Ind\|Number=Sing\|Person=3\|Tense=Past\|Voice=Act	17 ἐστιν	conj	high	Imperfect copular verb in coordinated continuation.
27	οὐκ	οὐ	PART	PART	Polarity=Neg	28 ἔχων	advmod	high
28	ἔχων	ἔχω	VERB	V-PAP-NSM	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Mood=Part\|Number=Sing\|Tense=Pres\|Voice=Act	24 ναός	acl	high	Participial modifier of ναός.
29	ἔτι	ἔτι	ADV	ADV	_	28 ἔχων	advmod	high
30	ὄροφον	ὄροφος	NOUN	N-ASM	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	28 ἔχων	obj	high
31	καὶ	καί	CCONJ	CONJ	_	32 ἄγαλμα	cc	high
32	ἄγαλμα	ἄγαλμα	NOUN	N-NSN	Case=Nom\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	33 ἐπεποίητο	nsubj	medium	Coordinated subject of ἐπεποίητο; neuter singular form.
33	ἐπεποίητο	ποιέω	VERB	V-LMI-3S	Mood=Ind\|Number=Sing\|Person=3\|Tense=Plup\|Voice=Mid	26 ἦν	conj	medium	Pluperfect middle, likely in the sense ‘had been made’; voice/form interpretation is somewhat context-dependent.
34	.	.	PUNCT	_	_	33 ἐπεποίητο	punct	high

← 8.41.9 8.42.1 →