Grammar parses for passage 8.41.10
Open translation for this passage
ἔστι δὲ ὕδατος ἐν τῷ ὄρει τῷ Κωτιλίῳ πηγή, καὶ ὅπου συνέγραψεν ἤδη τις ἀπὸ ταύτης τῷ ποταμῷ τὸ ῥεῦμα τῷ Λύμακι ἄρχεσθαι, συνέγραψεν οὔτε αὐτὸς θεασάμενος οὔτε ἀνδρὸς ἀκοὴν ἰδόντος·
The sentence has an existential predicate with πηγή as subject; the relative clause ὅπου συνέγραψεν is locative/temporal, and the later infinitive ἄρχεσθαι is the reported content of συνέγραψεν. The final participles are coordinated circumstantial qualifications of the subject of συνέγραψεν; ἰδόντος is genitive agreeing with ἀνδρός in an idiomatic phrase.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἔστι | εἰμί | VERB | V-PAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C | _ | 1 ἔστι | cc | high | |
| 3 | ὕδατος | ὕδωρ | NOUN | N-GSN | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 9 πηγή | nmod | high | Partitive genitive with πηγή. |
| 4 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | P | _ | 6 ὄρει | case | high | |
| 5 | τῷ | ὁ | DET | D-DSM | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 6 ὄρει | det | high | |
| 6 | ὄρει | ὄρος | NOUN | N-DSN | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 1 ἔστι | obl | high | |
| 7 | τῷ | ὁ | DET | D-DSN | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 8 Κωτιλίῳ | det | high | |
| 8 | Κωτιλίῳ | Κωτίλιον | PROPN | N-DSN | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 6 ὄρει | appos | high | Place name used appositionally. |
| 9 | πηγή | πηγή | NOUN | N-NSF | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 1 ἔστι | nsubj | high | |
| 10 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 1 ἔστι | punct | high | |
| 11 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C | _ | 13 συνέγραψεν | cc | high | |
| 12 | ὅπου | ὅπου | ADV | ADV | _ | 13 συνέγραψεν | advmod | high | Locative/temporal relative adverb. |
| 13 | συνέγραψεν | συγγράφω | VERB | V-AAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 26 συνέγραψεν | acl:relcl | high | Relative-clause predicate, with an understood subject resumed by the later main verb. |
| 14 | ἤδη | ἤδη | ADV | ADV | _ | 13 συνέγραψεν | advmod | high | |
| 15 | τις | τις | PRON | X-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 13 συνέγραψεν | nsubj | medium | Indefinite pronoun, subject of συνέγραψεν. |
| 16 | ἀπὸ | ἀπό | ADP | P | _ | 17 ταύτης | case | high | |
| 17 | ταύτης | οὗτος | PRON | D-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 24 ἄρχεσθαι | obl | high | Reference to the spring. |
| 18 | τῷ | ὁ | DET | D-DSM | _ | 19 ποταμῷ | case | high | |
| 19 | ποταμῷ | ποταμός | NOUN | N-DSM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 24 ἄρχεσθαι | obl | high | Dative with ἄρχεσθαι, marking the river from which the stream begins. |
| 20 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | D-ASN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 21 ῥεῦμα | det | high | |
| 21 | ῥεῦμα | ῥεῦμα | NOUN | N-ASN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 24 ἄρχεσθαι | nsubj | high | Accusative subject of the infinitive. |
| 22 | τῷ | ὁ | DET | D-DSM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 23 Λύμακι | det | high | |
| 23 | Λύμακι | Λύμαξ | PROPN | N-DSM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 24 ἄρχεσθαι | iobj | high | Appositional/identifying dative name for ποταμῷ. |
| 24 | ἄρχεσθαι | ἄρχομαι | VERB | V-PMN | Case=Acc|Mood=Inf|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|Voice=Mid | 13 συνέγραψεν | ccomp | high | Infinitival content clause; the phrase τῷ ποταμῷ τὸ ῥεῦμα ... ἄρχεσθαι means that the stream begins at the river. |
| 25 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 13 συνέγραψεν | punct | high | |
| 26 | συνέγραψεν | συγγράφω | VERB | V-AAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 1 ἔστι | conj | high | Main predicate resumed after the relative clause. |
| 27 | οὔτε | οὔτε | CCONJ | C | _ | 29 θεασάμενος | cc | high | First member of οὔτε ... οὔτε. |
| 28 | αὐτὸς | αὐτός | PRON | P-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 26 συνέγραψεν | nsubj | high | Intensive pronoun, subject of συνέγραψεν and participle θεασάμενος. |
| 29 | θεασάμενος | θεάομαι | VERB | V-AMP-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Aor|Voice=Mid | 26 συνέγραψεν | advcl | high | Circumstantial participle, coordinated with ἰδόντος phrase. |
| 30 | οὔτε | οὔτε | CCONJ | C | _ | 33 ἰδόντος | cc | high | Second member of οὔτε ... οὔτε. |
| 31 | ἀνδρὸς | ἀνήρ | NOUN | N-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 32 ἀκοὴν | nmod | high | Genitive dependent on ἀκοήν: report/hearsay of a man. |
| 32 | ἀκοὴν | ἀκοή | NOUN | N-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 26 συνέγραψεν | obl | high | Accusative object-like phrase with the second coordinated qualification; understood as not having heard a man who saw it. |
| 33 | ἰδόντος | ὁράω | VERB | V-2AAP-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 31 ἀνδρὸς | acl | medium | Genitive aorist participle agreeing with ἀνδρός; the exact attachment of this compressed phrase is syntactically uncertain. |
| 34 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 26 συνέγραψεν | punct | high |
ἃ καὶ ἀμφότερα παρῆσαν ἐμοί· τὸ μὲν ποταμοῦ ῥεῦμα ὂν ἑωρῶμεν, τῆς δὲ ἐν τῷ Κωτιλίῳ πηγῆς οὐκ ἐπὶ πολὺ ἐξικνούμενον τὸ ὕδωρ ἀλλὰ ἐντὸς ὀλίγου παντάπασιν ἀφανὲς γινόμενον.
The sentence coordinates two things present to the speaker: the river's visible stream and the spring's water, which disappears shortly after emerging. Token 11 ὂν is analyzed as a participial copula agreeing with ῥεῦμα; token 23 ἐξικνούμενον and token 31 γινόμενον form a coordinated descriptive participial predicate for τὸ ὕδωρ, with ἀλλὰ joining the contrasting predicates.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἃ | ὅς | PRON | PRON-rel | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 4 παρῆσαν | nsubj | high | Relative pronoun, subject of παρῆσαν. |
| 2 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 3 ἀμφότερα | cc | high | Coordinates ἀμφότερα with an understood antecedent/context. |
| 3 | ἀμφότερα | ἀμφότερος | PRON | ADJ-NP | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 4 παρῆσαν | nsubj | high | Substantivized neuter plural, coordinated subject with ἃ. |
| 4 | παρῆσαν | πάρειμι | VERB | V-IAI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Imperfect indicative of πάρειμι, 'were present'. |
| 5 | ἐμοί | ἐγώ | PRON | PRON-1S-D | Case=Dat|Number=Sing|Person=1 | 4 παρῆσαν | obl | high | Dative of possession or personal reference. |
| 6 | · | · | PUNCT | PUNCT | _ | 4 παρῆσαν | punct | high | |
| 7 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | T-NSN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 10 ῥεῦμα | det | high | Article substantivizing or determining ῥεῦμα. |
| 8 | μὲν | μέν | PART | PART | _ | 10 ῥεῦμα | discourse | high | First member of μέν...δέ contrast. |
| 9 | ποταμοῦ | ποταμός | NOUN | N-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 10 ῥεῦμα | nmod | high | Genitive dependent on ῥεῦμα, 'river-stream'. |
| 10 | ῥεῦμα | ῥεῦμα | NOUN | N-NSN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 12 ἑωρῶμεν | obj | high | Object of ἑωρῶμεν; paired with the following τὸ ὕδωρ. |
| 11 | ὂν | εἰμί | AUX | V-PAP-NSN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 10 ῥεῦμα | cop | medium | Participial form of εἰμί, agreeing with ῥεῦμα; the exact accent/form is transmitted as given. |
| 12 | ἑωρῶμεν | ὁράω | VERB | V-IAI-1P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Past|Voice=Act | 4 παρῆσαν | conj | high | Imperfect 'we saw'; coordinated descriptive clause under the preceding assertion. |
| 13 | , | , | PUNCT | PUNCT | _ | 12 ἑωρῶμεν | punct | high | |
| 14 | τῆς | ὁ | DET | T-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 19 πηγῆς | det | high | Article with πηγῆς. |
| 15 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 25 ὕδωρ | cc | high | Second member of μέν...δέ contrast. |
| 16 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | PREP | _ | 18 Κωτιλίῳ | case | high | Preposition governing τῷ Κωτιλίῳ. |
| 17 | τῷ | ὁ | DET | T-DSN | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 18 Κωτιλίῳ | det | high | Article with locative proper noun. |
| 18 | Κωτιλίῳ | Κωτίλιον | PROPN | N-DSN | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 19 πηγῆς | nmod | high | Place-name governed by ἐν. |
| 19 | πηγῆς | πηγή | NOUN | N-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 25 ὕδωρ | nmod | high | Genitive dependent on τὸ ὕδωρ, 'water of the spring'. |
| 20 | οὐκ | οὐ | PART | PART-NEG | Polarity=Neg | 23 ἐξικνούμενον | advmod | high | Negates ἐξικνούμενον. |
| 21 | ἐπὶ | ἐπί | ADP | PREP | _ | 22 πολὺ | case | high | Preposition with accusative measure expression. |
| 22 | πολὺ | πολύς | ADJ | ADJ-ANS | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 23 ἐξικνούμενον | obl | high | Accusative extent of time or distance. |
| 23 | ἐξικνούμενον | ἐξικνέομαι | VERB | V-PMP-NSN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|Voice=Mid | 25 ὕδωρ | acl | high | Predicative participle modifying τὸ ὕδωρ: 'reaching only a short distance'. |
| 24 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | T-NSN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 25 ὕδωρ | det | high | Article with ὕδωρ. |
| 25 | ὕδωρ | ὕδωρ | NOUN | N-NSN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 12 ἑωρῶμεν | obj | high | Second coordinated object of ἑωρῶμεν, with participial description. |
| 26 | ἀλλὰ | ἀλλά | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 31 γινόμενον | cc | high | Coordinates the contrasting participial predicates. |
| 27 | ἐντὸς | ἐντός | ADV | ADV | _ | 31 γινόμενον | advmod | high | Adverb meaning 'within'; takes genitive ὀλίγου. |
| 28 | ὀλίγου | ὀλίγος | ADJ | ADJ-GSN | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 27 ἐντὸς | obl | high | Genitive complement of ἐντός, 'within a little [distance/time]'. |
| 29 | παντάπασιν | παντάπασι | ADV | ADV | _ | 30 ἀφανὲς | advmod | high | Adverb modifying ἀφανές, 'completely'. |
| 30 | ἀφανὲς | ἀφανής | ADJ | ADJ-NSN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 31 γινόμενον | xcomp | high | Predicative adjective with γινόμενον. |
| 31 | γινόμενον | γίγνομαι | VERB | V-PMP-NSN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|Voice=Mid | 25 ὕδωρ | acl | high | Coordinated participle modifying τὸ ὕδωρ: 'becoming completely invisible'. |
| 32 | . | . | PUNCT | PUNCT | _ | 12 ἑωρῶμεν | punct | high |