Grammar parses for passage 8.41.2
Open translation for this passage
ποταμὸς δὲ ὁ καλούμενος Λύμαξ ἐκδίδωσι μὲν ἐς τὴν Νέδαν παρʼ αὐτὴν ῥέων Φιγαλίαν,
Λύμαξ is the nominative subject appositive/name of ποταμός; καλούμενος is a modifying participle. ῥέων is a present active participle agreeing with ποταμός, with παρʼ αὐτήν Φιγαλίαν indicating flow by/along Phigalia; the exact semantic attachment of παρʼ is somewhat uncertain.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ποταμὸς | ποταμός | NOUN | N-----MS- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 6 ἐκδίδωσι | nsubj | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 6 ἐκδίδωσι | cc | high | |
| 3 | ὁ | ὁ | DET | L-----MS- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 4 καλούμενος | det | high | |
| 4 | καλούμενος | καλέω | VERB | V-PMP-NMS- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Mood=Part|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|Voice=Pass | 1 ποταμὸς | acl | high | Attributive participle, ‘called’. |
| 5 | Λύμαξ | Λύμαξ | PROPN | N-----MS- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 1 ποταμὸς | appos | medium | Proper name in apposition to ποταμός. |
| 6 | ἐκδίδωσι | ἐκδίδωμι | VERB | V-PIA-3S- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 7 | μὲν | μέν | PART | X-------- | _ | 6 ἐκδίδωσι | advmod | high | Correlative particle; counterpart may follow outside this sentence. |
| 8 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | R-------- | _ | 10 Νέδαν | case | high | |
| 9 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | L-----FA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 10 Νέδαν | det | high | |
| 10 | Νέδαν | Νέδα | PROPN | N-----FA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 6 ἐκδίδωσι | obl | high | Goal/destination with ἐς. |
| 11 | παρʼ | παρά | ADP | R-------- | _ | 12 αὐτὴν | case | medium | Elided form of παρά; governs αὐτήν. |
| 12 | αὐτὴν | αὐτός | PRON | P-----FA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Prs | 13 ῥέων | obl | medium | Likely adverbial accusative with παρά, referring to Phigalia. |
| 13 | ῥέων | ῥέω | VERB | V-PAP-NMS- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Mood=Part|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 6 ἐκδίδωσι | advcl | high | Supplementary participle agreeing with ποταμός. |
| 14 | Φιγαλίαν | Φιγαλία | PROPN | N-----FA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 12 αὐτὴν | nmod | medium | Place name clarifying the referent of αὐτήν. |
| 15 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 6 ἐκδίδωσι | punct | high |
γενέσθαι δὲ τοὔνομά φασι τῷ ποταμῷ καθαρσίων τῶν Ῥέας ἕνεκα.
Infinitival construction: φασι governs γενέσθαι, with τοὔνομά as the infinitive’s nominative-accusative subject; τῷ ποταμῷ is dative of attribution/reference, and καθαρσίων τῶν Ῥέας ἕνεκα is a genitive purpose phrase.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | γενέσθαι | γίγνομαι | VERB | V--ANM-- | Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Mid | 4 φασι | ccomp | high | Aorist middle infinitive governed by φασι. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 4 φασι | cc | high | Postpositive coordinating particle. |
| 3 | τοὔνομά | ὄνομα | NOUN | N-SNA---- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 1 γενέσθαι | nsubj | high | Crasis of τὸ ὄνομα; nominative-accusative subject of the infinitive. |
| 4 | φασι | φημί | VERB | V-PIA-3P- | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Finite reporting verb. |
| 5 | τῷ | ὁ | DET | T-SDM---- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 6 ποταμῷ | det | high | Article modifying ποταμῷ. |
| 6 | ποταμῷ | ποταμός | NOUN | N-SDM---- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 1 γενέσθαι | iobj | medium | Dative of reference/attribution with the name becoming that of the river. |
| 7 | καθαρσίων | καθάρσιον | NOUN | N-GPN---- | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 10 ἕνεκα | obl | medium | Genitive plural neuter, likely denoting purificatory rites/offerings; governed semantically by ἕνεκα. |
| 8 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | T-GPF---- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 9 Ῥέας | det | high | Article modifying Ῥέας. |
| 9 | Ῥέας | Ῥέα | PROPN | N-GSF---- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 7 καθαρσίων | nmod | high | Genitive singular proper name, dependent on καθαρσίων. |
| 10 | ἕνεκα | ἕνεκα | ADP | R-------- | _ | 1 γενέσθαι | obl | high | Postposition taking the genitive phrase. |
| 11 | . | . | PUNCT | U-------- | _ | 4 φασι | punct | high |
ὡς γὰρ δὴ τεκοῦσαν τὸν Δία ἐκάθηραν ἐπὶ ταῖς ὠδῖσιν αἱ Νύμφαι, τὰ καθάρματα ἐς τοῦτον ἐμβάλλουσι τὸν ποταμόν·
ὡς introduces a causal explanatory clause; τεκοῦσαν is a predicative accusative participle agreeing with the understood object θεόν/Δία, while αἱ Νύμφαι is the subject of ἐκάθηραν. The present ἐμβάλλουσι continues the narrative in a vivid historical present.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ὡς | ὡς | SCONJ | ADV | _ | 7 ἐκάθηραν | mark | high | Causal ὡς introducing the explanatory subordinate clause. |
| 2 | γὰρ | γάρ | PART | G|||||||| | _ | 7 ἐκάθηραν | discourse | high | Postpositive explanatory particle. |
| 3 | δὴ | δή | PART | G|||||||| | _ | 7 ἐκάθηραν | discourse | high | Emphatic particle. |
| 4 | τεκοῦσαν | τίκτω | VERB | VAAP-SAF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 6 Δία | acl | medium | Aorist active accusative feminine singular participle; syntactically predicative with the object Δία, though feminine form is textually difficult. |
| 5 | τὸν | ὁ | DET | RA---ASM- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 6 Δία | det | high | Article with Δία. |
| 6 | Δία | Ζεύς | PROPN | NPSM-ASM- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 7 ἐκάθηραν | obj | high | Accusative object of ἐκάθηραν; the participle τεκοῦσαν is associated predicatively. |
| 7 | ἐκάθηραν | καθαίρω | VERB | VAAI3P--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Finite verb of the subordinate clause. |
| 8 | ἐπὶ | ἐπί | ADP | P---DA- | AdpType=Prep | 10 ὠδῖσιν | case | high | Preposition governing the dative ὠδῖσιν. |
| 9 | ταῖς | ὁ | DET | RA---DF- | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 10 ὠδῖσιν | det | high | Article with ὠδῖσιν. |
| 10 | ὠδῖσιν | ὠδίς | NOUN | N----DF- | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 7 ἐκάθηραν | obl | high | Dative with ἐπί, referring to labor pains. |
| 11 | αἱ | ὁ | DET | RA---NF- | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 12 Νύμφαι | det | high | Article with Νύμφαι. |
| 12 | Νύμφαι | Νύμφη | NOUN | N---NF- | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 7 ἐκάθηραν | nsubj | high | Subject of ἐκάθηραν. |
| 13 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 7 ἐκάθηραν | punct | high | Comma. |
| 14 | τὰ | ὁ | DET | RA---NPN- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 15 καθάρματα | det | high | Article with καθάρματα. |
| 15 | καθάρματα | κάθαρμα | NOUN | N----NPN- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 18 ἐμβάλλουσι | obj | high | Neuter plural object of ἐμβάλλουσι. |
| 16 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | P---ASM- | AdpType=Prep | 20 ποταμόν | case | high | Preposition governing τοῦτον τὸν ποταμόν. |
| 17 | τοῦτον | οὗτος | DET | RD---ASM- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Dem | 20 ποταμόν | det | high | Demonstrative determiner. |
| 18 | ἐμβάλλουσι | ἐμβάλλω | VERB | VPAI3P--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Historical present coordinated with the preceding narrative clause; subject is understood αἱ Νύμφαι. |
| 19 | τὸν | ὁ | DET | RA---ASM- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 20 ποταμόν | det | high | Article with ποταμόν. |
| 20 | ποταμόν | ποταμός | NOUN | N----ASM- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 18 ἐμβάλλουσι | obl | high | Accusative goal complement with ἐς. |
| 21 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 18 ἐμβάλλουσι | punct | high | Sentence-final punctuation. |
ὠνόμαζον δὲ ἄρα οἱ ἀρχαῖοι αὐτὰ λύματα.
The imperfect active verb governs a double accusative: αὐτά is the object and λύματα a predicative object complement; οἱ ἀρχαῖοι is the nominative subject, with οἱ functioning as the article.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ὠνόμαζον | ὀνομάζω | VERB | V-IAI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Imp|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 1 ὠνόμαζον | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | ἄρα | ἄρα | ADV | D-------- | _ | 1 ὠνόμαζον | advmod | medium | Inferential particle/adverb. |
| 4 | οἱ | ὁ | DET | T-NPM---- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 5 ἀρχαῖοι | det | high | |
| 5 | ἀρχαῖοι | ἀρχαῖος | ADJ | A-NPM---- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 1 ὠνόμαζον | nsubj | high | Substantivized adjective. |
| 6 | αὐτὰ | αὐτός | PRON | P--APN--- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 1 ὠνόμαζον | obj | high | Object of ὠνόμαζον. |
| 7 | λύματα | λῦμα | NOUN | N-APN---- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 1 ὠνόμαζον | xcomp | high | Predicative accusative complement of the object. |
| 8 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 1 ὠνόμαζον | punct | high |
μαρτυρεῖ δὲ καὶ Ὅμηρος, ἀπολυμαίνεσθαί τε ἐπὶ λύσει τοῦ λοιμοῦ τοὺς Ἕλληνας καὶ ἐμβάλλειν τὰ λύματα εἰπὼν σφᾶς ἐς θάλασσαν.
Ὅμηρος is the subject of μαρτυρεῖ and the accusative-and-infinitive complement coordinates ἀπολυμαίνεσθαι and ἐμβάλλειν; εἰπών is a circumstantial participle with σφᾶς as its accusative subject/object, though its precise control relation is somewhat elliptical.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | μαρτυρεῖ | μαρτυρέω | VERB | V-PAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 1 μαρτυρεῖ | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 1 μαρτυρεῖ | cc | high | Additive conjunction. |
| 4 | Ὅμηρος | Ὅμηρος | PROPN | N-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 1 μαρτυρεῖ | nsubj | high | |
| 5 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 1 μαρτυρεῖ | punct | high | |
| 6 | ἀπολυμαίνεσθαί | ἀπολυμαίνω | VERB | V-PNM- לה | Mood=Inf|Tense=Pres|Voice=Mid | 1 μαρτυρεῖ | ccomp | high | Infinitive in reported-content construction; enclitic accent marks τε. |
| 7 | τε | τε | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 6 ἀπολυμαίνεσθαί | cc | high | Pairs with καί before ἐμβάλλειν. |
| 8 | ἐπὶ | ἐπί | ADP | PREP | _ | 9 λύσει | case | high | With dative λύσει. |
| 9 | λύσει | λύσις | NOUN | N-DSF | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 6 ἀπολυμαίνεσθαί | obl | high | Purpose/circumstance with ἐπί. |
| 10 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | T-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 11 λοιμοῦ | det | high | |
| 11 | λοιμοῦ | λοιμός | NOUN | N-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 9 λύσει | nmod | high | Genitive dependent on λύσει. |
| 12 | τοὺς | ὁ | DET | T-APM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 13 Ἕλληνας | det | high | |
| 13 | Ἕλληνας | Ἕλλην | NOUN | N-APM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 6 ἀπολυμαίνεσθαί | obj | high | Accusative subject of the infinitive. |
| 14 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 15 ἐμβάλλειν | cc | high | Coordinates the second infinitive. |
| 15 | ἐμβάλλειν | ἐμβάλλω | VERB | V-PAN | Mood=Inf|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 6 ἀπολυμαίνεσθαί | conj | high | Coordinated with ἀπολυμαίνεσθαι; shares accusative subject Ἕλληνας. |
| 16 | τὰ | ὁ | DET | T-APN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 17 λύματα | det | high | |
| 17 | λύματα | λῦμα | NOUN | N-APN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 15 ἐμβάλλειν | obj | high | |
| 18 | εἰπὼν | λέγω | VERB | V-AAP-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Mood=Part|Number=Sing|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 1 μαρτυρεῖ | advcl | medium | Circumstantial participle; understood subject is likely Ὅμηρος, but attachment/control is elliptical. |
| 19 | σφᾶς | σφεῖς | PRON | P-AP | Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3 | 18 εἰπὼν | obj | medium | Accusative pronoun, likely object of εἰπών and/or accusative subject of the infinitival report. |
| 20 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | PREP | _ | 21 θάλασσαν | case | high | |
| 21 | θάλασσαν | θάλασσα | NOUN | N-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 15 ἐμβάλλειν | obl | high | Destination complement of ἐμβάλλειν. |
| 22 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 1 μαρτυρεῖ | punct | high |