Grammar parses for passage 8.41.3
Open translation for this passage
καθότι δὲ ἐγγύτατα ἡ Νέδα Φιγαλέων τῆς πόλεως γίνεται, κατὰ τοῦτο οἱ Φιγαλέων παῖδες ἀποκείρονται τῷ ποταμῷ τὰς κόμας·
καθότι introduces the causal/subordinate clause; ἐγγύτατα is a superlative adverb, and Φιγαλέων is a genitive of relation with πόλεως. In the main clause, τῷ ποταμῷ is instrumental and τὰς κόμας is the object of the middle verb.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | καθότι | καθότι | SCONJ | CONJ | _ | 9 γίνεται | mark | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 9 γίνεται | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | ἐγγύτατα | ἐγγύς | ADV | ADV-SUP | Degree=Sup | 9 γίνεται | advmod | high | |
| 4 | ἡ | ὁ | DET | T-NSF | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 5 Νέδα | det | high | |
| 5 | Νέδα | Νέδα | PROPN | N-NSF | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 9 γίνεται | nsubj | high | River name. |
| 6 | Φιγαλέων | Φιγαλεύς | PROPN | N-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 8 πόλεως | nmod | medium | Ethnic name; genitive modifying πόλεως. |
| 7 | τῆς | ὁ | DET | T-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 8 πόλεως | det | high | |
| 8 | πόλεως | πόλις | NOUN | N-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 3 ἐγγύτατα | obl | medium | Genitive complement of ἐγγύτατα, with the omitted/understood relation ‘to the city’; attached as an oblique nominal. |
| 9 | γίνεται | γίγνομαι | VERB | V-PMI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 10 | , | , | PUNCT | PUNCT | _ | 9 γίνεται | punct | high | |
| 11 | κατὰ | κατά | ADP | P | _ | 12 τοῦτο | case | high | |
| 12 | τοῦτο | οὗτος | PRON | D-ASN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Dem | 16 ἀποκείρονται | obl | high | Κατὰ τοῦτο is a causal/grounds adverbial phrase (‘for this reason’). |
| 13 | οἱ | ὁ | DET | T-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 15 παῖδες | det | high | |
| 14 | Φιγαλέων | Φιγαλεύς | PROPN | N-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 15 παῖδες | nmod | medium | Ethnic name modifying παῖδες. |
| 15 | παῖδες | παῖς | NOUN | N-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 16 ἀποκείρονται | nsubj | high | |
| 16 | ἀποκείρονται | ἀποκείρω | VERB | V-PMI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Mid | 9 γίνεται | conj | high | Middle voice is appropriate for cutting/shaving their own hair. |
| 17 | τῷ | ὁ | DET | T-DSM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 18 ποταμῷ | det | high | |
| 18 | ποταμῷ | ποταμός | NOUN | N-DSM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 16 ἀποκείρονται | obl | high | Instrumental/dative of means. |
| 19 | τὰς | ὁ | DET | T-APF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 20 κόμας | det | high | |
| 20 | κόμας | κόμη | NOUN | N-APF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 16 ἀποκείρονται | obj | high | |
| 21 | · | · | PUNCT | PUNCT | _ | 16 ἀποκείρονται | punct | high |
τὰ δὲ πρὸς θαλάσσῃ καὶ ἀναπλεῖται ναυσὶν οὐ μεγάλαις ἡ Νέδα.
The neuter plural τὰ is substantivized and coordinated with the preceding context; πρὸς θαλάσσῃ is a locative phrase. ἡ Νέδα is the subject of the passive/middle ἀναπλεῖται, with ναυσὶν μεγάλαις expressing the means (the text’s οὐ μεγάλαις is syntactically clear though semantically elliptical).
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | τὰ | ὁ | DET | RA—NP— | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 6 ἀναπλεῖται | nsubj | medium | Substantivized neuter plural article/pronominal ‘the things’; exact antecedent is contextual. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 6 ἀναπλεῖται | cc | high | |
| 3 | πρὸς | πρός | ADP | R-------- | _ | 4 θαλάσσῃ | case | high | Here governs a dative locative complement. |
| 4 | θαλάσσῃ | θάλασσα | NOUN | N-SD--- | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 6 ἀναπλεῖται | obl | medium | Dative with πρός, locative/shoreward phrase. |
| 5 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 6 ἀναπλεῖται | cc | high | Coordinates the verbal predicate with the preceding contextual predicate or phrase. |
| 6 | ἀναπλεῖται | ἀναπλέω | VERB | V3SPIA--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Pass | 0 ROOT | root | medium | Form is morphologically ambiguous between passive and middle in context; analyzed as 3sg finite predicate. |
| 7 | ναυσὶν | ναῦς | NOUN | N-PD--- | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 6 ἀναπλεῖται | obl | high | Dative of means. |
| 8 | οὐ | οὐ | PART | D-------- | _ | 9 μεγάλαις | advmod | high | Negates μεγάλαις. |
| 9 | μεγάλαις | μέγας | ADJ | A-PD--- | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 7 ναυσὶν | amod | high | Agrees with ναυσίν; οὐ μεγάλαις means ‘not large’. |
| 10 | ἡ | ὁ | DET | RA-NF--- | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 11 Νέδα | det | high | |
| 11 | Νέδα | Νέδα | PROPN | N--NF--- | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 6 ἀναπλεῖται | nsubj | high | Proper name, subject of ἀναπλεῖται. |
| 12 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 6 ἀναπλεῖται | punct | high |
ποταμῶν δὲ ὁπόσους ἴσμεν Μαίανδρος μὲν σκολιῷ μάλιστα κάτεισι τῷ ῥεύματι, ἔς τε τὸ ἄνω καμπὰς καὶ αὖθις ἐπιστροφὰς παρεχόμενος πλείστας·
The relative clause ὁπόσους ἴσμεν is a partitive/relational frame (‘of the rivers, as many as we know’); Μαίανδρος is the subject of κάτεισι, with σκολιῷ ... τῷ ῥεύματι expressing manner and ἔς ... καμπὰς καὶ ... ἐπιστροφὰς the coordinated extent/result complements of παρεχόμενος.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ποταμῶν | ποταμός | NOUN | N-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 5 Μαίανδρος | obl | medium | Partitive/topic genitive, syntactically associated with the following river comparison. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 5 Μαίανδρος | cc | high | |
| 3 | ὁπόσους | ὁπόσος | PRON | P-APM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 4 ἴσμεν | obj | medium | Relative quantitative pronoun, object of ἴσμεν; antecedent is ποταμῶν. |
| 4 | ἴσμεν | οἶδα | VERB | V-1PPAI- | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 9 κάτεισι | advcl | medium | Perfect-form verb with present meaning; introduces the relative clause. |
| 5 | Μαίανδρος | Μαίανδρος | PROPN | N-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 9 κάτεισι | nsubj | high | |
| 6 | μὲν | μέν | PART | X-------- | _ | 5 Μαίανδρος | discourse | high | Correlative μέν; counterpart may be outside the supplied sentence. |
| 7 | σκολιῷ | σκολιός | ADJ | A-DSM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 11 ῥεύματι | amod | medium | Adjectival modifier of ῥεύματι, with adverbial/manner force (‘winding’). |
| 8 | μάλιστα | μάλιστα | ADV | D-------- | Degree=Superl | 9 κάτεισι | advmod | high | |
| 9 | κάτεισι | κάτειμι | VERB | V-3SPIA--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main predicate, ‘the Maeander descends/flows down’. |
| 10 | τῷ | ὁ | DET | L-DSM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 11 ῥεύματι | det | high | |
| 11 | ῥεύματι | ῥεῦμα | NOUN | N-DSN | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 9 κάτεισι | obl | high | Dative of respect/route or manner with κάτεισι. |
| 12 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 9 κάτεισι | punct | high | |
| 13 | ἔς | εἰς | ADP | R-------- | _ | 17 καμπὰς | case | high | Variant spelling ἔς of εἰς. |
| 14 | τε | τε | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 17 καμπὰς | cc | high | First member of τε ... καί coordination. |
| 15 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | L-ASN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 16 ἄνω | det | high | |
| 16 | ἄνω | ἄνω | ADV | D-------- | _ | 17 καμπὰς | advmod | high | Adverb modifying καμπάς (‘upward/above’). |
| 17 | καμπὰς | καμπή | NOUN | N-APF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 21 παρεχόμενος | obl | medium | Accusative plural, governed by εἰς; denotes bends/turns. |
| 18 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 20 ἐπιστροφὰς | cc | high | Coordinates ἐπιστροφάς with καμπάς. |
| 19 | αὖθις | αὖθις | ADV | D-------- | _ | 20 ἐπιστροφὰς | advmod | high | |
| 20 | ἐπιστροφὰς | ἐπιστροφή | NOUN | N-APF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 21 παρεχόμενος | obj | high | Coordinated accusative object of παρεχόμενος. |
| 21 | παρεχόμενος | παρέχω | VERB | V-PMPNSM- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Mid | 9 κάτεισι | advcl | high | Circumstantial present participle agreeing with Μαίανδρος. |
| 22 | πλείστας | πολύς | ADJ | A-APF | Case=Acc|Degree=Sup|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 20 ἐπιστροφὰς | amod | high | Superlative modifier of ἐπιστροφάς, semantically also understood with καμπάς. |
| 23 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 9 κάτεισι | punct | high |
δεύτερα δὲ ἑλιγμῶν γε ἕνεκα φέροιτο ἂν ἡ Νέδα.
The optative φέροιτο with modal ἄν is potential; Νέδα is the nominative subject, and δεύτερα is a predicative adverbial comparison (‘secondly/in second place’). ἕνεκα governs the genitive ἑλιγμῶν.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | δεύτερα | δεύτερος | ADV | A-N------ | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 6 φέροιτο | advmod | high | Neuter plural used adverbially, ‘secondly/in second place’. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 6 φέροιτο | cc | high | |
| 3 | ἑλιγμῶν | ἑλιγμός | NOUN | NPMGEN-- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 5 ἕνεκα | obl | high | Genitive complement of ἕνεκα. |
| 4 | γε | γε | PART | X-------- | _ | 5 ἕνεκα | discourse | high | Emphatic particle. |
| 5 | ἕνεκα | ἕνεκα | ADP | R-------- | _ | 3 ἑλιγμῶν | case | high | Postposition governing the genitive. |
| 6 | φέροιτο | φέρω | VERB | V3SPOA-- | Mood=Opt|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Pass | 0 ROOT | root | high | Third-singular present passive optative; potential with ἄν. |
| 7 | ἂν | ἄν | PART | X-------- | _ | 6 φέροιτο | aux | high | Modal particle marking potential optative. |
| 8 | ἡ | ὁ | DET | RAFSN-- | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 9 Νέδα | det | high | |
| 9 | Νέδα | Νέδα | PROPN | NPFSN-- | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 6 φέροιτο | nsubj | high | Proper name, nominative feminine singular; subject of φέροιτο. |
| 10 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 6 φέροιτο | punct | high |