Grammar parses for passage 8.42.4
Open translation for this passage
κεφαλὴν δὲ καὶ κόμην εἶχεν ἵππου, καὶ δρακόντων τε καὶ ἄλλων θηρίων εἰκόνες προσεπεφύκεσαν τῇ κεφαλῇ·
Two coordinated clauses: εἶχεν governs the coordinated accusative objects κεφαλὴν and κόμην, with ἵππου specifying material/type; εἰκόνες is subject of προσεπεφύκεσαν, while δρακόντων and ἄλλων θηρίων form a coordinated genitive modifier of εἰκόνες. The prefix προσ- and perfect form indicate images grown/attached onto the head.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | κεφαλὴν | κεφαλή | NOUN | N--ASF- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 5 εἶχεν | obj | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C--------- | _ | 5 εἶχεν | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C--------- | _ | 4 κόμην | cc | high | |
| 4 | κόμην | κόμη | NOUN | N--ASF- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 5 εἶχεν | obj | high | Coordinated with κεφαλήν. |
| 5 | εἶχεν | ἔχω | VERB | V3PIAI--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Imperfect|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 6 | ἵππου | ἵππος | NOUN | N-GSM- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 4 κόμην | nmod | medium | Genitive of specification/material, modifying κόμην; may also be understood with κεφαλήν. |
| 7 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 5 εἶχεν | punct | high | |
| 8 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C--------- | _ | 15 προσεπεφύκεσαν | cc | high | Coordinates the second clause. |
| 9 | δρακόντων | δράκων | NOUN | N-GPM- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 14 εἰκόνες | nmod | high | Genitive plural modifying εἰκόνες. |
| 10 | τε | τε | CCONJ | C--------- | _ | 9 δρακόντων | cc | high | Correlative coordinator with καί. |
| 11 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C--------- | _ | 13 θηρίων | cc | high | Coordinates the genitive modifiers. |
| 12 | ἄλλων | ἄλλος | ADJ | A--GPM- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 13 θηρίων | amod | high | Agrees with θηρίων. |
| 13 | θηρίων | θηρίον | NOUN | N-GPN- | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 14 εἰκόνες | nmod | high | Coordinated genitive modifier of εἰκόνες. |
| 14 | εἰκόνες | εἰκών | NOUN | N-NPF- | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 15 προσεπεφύκεσαν | nsubj | high | |
| 15 | προσεπεφύκεσαν | προσφύω | VERB | V3PPAI--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Perfect|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | medium | Perfect of προσφύω, ‘had grown/attached onto’; coordinated clause with εἶχεν. |
| 16 | τῇ | ὁ | DET | R-------- | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 17 κεφαλῇ | det | high | |
| 17 | κεφαλῇ | κεφαλή | NOUN | N-DSF- | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 15 προσεπεφύκεσαν | obl | high | Dative of attachment/location with προσφύω. |
| 18 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 15 προσεπεφύκεσαν | punct | high |
χιτῶνα δὲ ἐνεδέδυτο καὶ ἐς ἄκρους τοὺς πόδας· δελφὶς δὲ ἐπὶ τῆς χειρὸς ἦν αὐτῇ, περιστερὰ δὲ ἡ ὄρνις ἐπὶ τῇ ἑτέρᾳ.
The sentence has three coordinated clauses. In the first, χιτῶνα is the accusative object of ἐνεδέδυτο, while ἐς ἄκρους τοὺς πόδας is an elliptical continuation of the clothing description, with ἄκρους agreeing with τοὺς πόδας. In the final clause, ἡ ὄρνις is appositional to περιστερά; αὐτῇ is a dative possessor/reference with ἦν, and the two ἐπί-phrases are locative.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | χιτῶνα | χιτών | NOUN | N-ASM-S | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 3 ἐνεδέδυτο | obj | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 3 ἐνεδέδυτο | cc | high | |
| 3 | ἐνεδέδυτο | ἐνδύω | VERB | V-IAI-3S-MP | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pluperf|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | medium | Pluperfect middle; form may also be analyzed as a perfect/pluperfect middle-passive depending on editorial accentuation and parsing tradition. |
| 4 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 3 ἐνεδέδυτο | cc | high | |
| 5 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | PREP | _ | 6 ἄκρους | case | high | Epic/poetic form of εἰς. |
| 6 | ἄκρους | ἄκρος | ADJ | A-APM-P | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 8 πόδας | amod | high | |
| 7 | τοὺς | ὁ | DET | T-APM-P | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 8 πόδας | det | high | |
| 8 | πόδας | πούς | NOUN | N-APM-P | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 3 ἐνεδέδυτο | obl | high | Prepositional phrase is syntactically dependent on the clothing verb, with an elliptical sense such as 'down to the feet'. |
| 9 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 3 ἐνεδέδυτο | punct | high | |
| 10 | δελφὶς | δελφίς | NOUN | N-NSF-S | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 15 ἦν | nsubj | high | |
| 11 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 15 ἦν | cc | high | |
| 12 | ἐπὶ | ἐπί | ADP | PREP | _ | 14 χειρὸς | case | high | |
| 13 | τῆς | ὁ | DET | T-GSF-S | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 14 χειρὸς | det | high | |
| 14 | χειρὸς | χείρ | NOUN | N-GSF-S | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 10 δελφὶς | obl | high | ἐπί with genitive denotes position on the hand. |
| 15 | ἦν | εἰμί | AUX | V-IAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Imperf|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Second coordinated clause; coordination is understood with the preceding clause. |
| 16 | αὐτῇ | αὐτός | PRON | P-DSF-S | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Prs | 15 ἦν | iobj | medium | Dative of possession/reference, 'for/on her'; may be treated as an oblique dependent in some schemes. |
| 17 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 15 ἦν | punct | high | |
| 18 | περιστερὰ | περιστερά | NOUN | N-NSF-S | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 21 ὄρνις | appos | high | Predicative/nominal element coordinated with the following clause subject; apposition to ἡ ὄρνις. |
| 19 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 15 ἦν | cc | high | Coordinates the final clause with the preceding clause. |
| 20 | ἡ | ὁ | DET | T-NSF-S | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 21 ὄρνις | det | high | |
| 21 | ὄρνις | ὄρνις | NOUN | N-NSF-S | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 15 ἦν | nsubj | high | Subject of understood/coordinated ἦν. |
| 22 | ἐπὶ | ἐπί | ADP | PREP | _ | 24 ἑτέρᾳ | case | high | |
| 23 | τῇ | ὁ | DET | T-DSF-S | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 24 ἑτέρᾳ | det | high | |
| 24 | ἑτέρᾳ | ἕτερος | ADJ | A-DSF-S | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 15 ἦν | obl | high | Substantivized adjective: 'the other [hand]'. |
| 25 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 15 ἦν | punct | high |
ἐφʼ ὅτῳ μὲν δὴ τὸ ξόανον ἐποιήσαντο οὕτως, ἀνδρὶ οὐκ ἀσυνέτῳ γνώμην ἀγαθῷ δὲ καὶ τὰ ἐς μνήμην δῆλά ἐστι·
The opening ἐφʼ ὅτῳ is a relative prepositional phrase; ὅτῳ is plausibly a dative relative referring to an implied circumstance ('on what account/how'). The final clause means that the circumstances are clear to a sensible man of good judgment and memory; the coordination and ellipsis make attachment somewhat uncertain.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἐφʼ | ἐπί | ADP | PREP | AdpositionType=PrepType | 2 ὅτῳ | case | high | Elided form of ἐπί before a dative relative. |
| 2 | ὅτῳ | ὅστις | PRON | P RR D S | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc,Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Rel | 7 ἐποιήσαντο | obl | medium | Dative relative pronoun governed by ἐπί; exact antecedent/semantic value is elliptical. |
| 3 | μὲν | μέν | PART | PART | _ | 7 ἐποιήσαντο | discourse | high | Correlative particle, with δέ later in the sentence. |
| 4 | δὴ | δή | PART | PART | _ | 7 ἐποιήσαντο | discourse | high | Emphatic particle. |
| 5 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | T D S N | Case=Nom,Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 6 ξόανον | det | high | |
| 6 | ξόανον | ξόανον | NOUN | N A S N | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 7 ἐποιήσαντο | obj | high | |
| 7 | ἐποιήσαντο | ποιέω | VERB | V A I M 3 P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | high | Finite verb of the opening clause. |
| 8 | οὕτως | οὕτως | ADV | ADV | _ | 7 ἐποιήσαντο | advmod | high | Adverb modifying ἐποιήσαντο. |
| 9 | , | , | PUNCT | PUNCT | _ | 7 ἐποιήσαντο | punct | high | |
| 10 | ἀνδρὶ | ἀνήρ | NOUN | N D S M | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 20 δῆλά | obl | medium | Dative of reference: 'to/in the judgment of a man'; attached to δῆλα. |
| 11 | οὐκ | οὐ | PART | PART | Polarity=Neg | 12 ἀσυνέτῳ | advmod | high | Negates ἀσυνέτῳ. |
| 12 | ἀσυνέτῳ | ἀσύνετος | ADJ | A D S M | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 10 ἀνδρὶ | amod | medium | Adjective agreeing with ἀνδρί; phrase means 'not unintelligent'. |
| 13 | γνώμην | γνώμη | NOUN | N A S F | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 14 ἀγαθῷ | obj | medium | Accusative with ἀγαθός, likely 'good in judgment' or 'of good understanding'. |
| 14 | ἀγαθῷ | ἀγαθός | ADJ | A D S M | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 10 ἀνδρὶ | amod | medium | Agrees with ἀνδρί; the intervening γνώμην is an accusative complement or adverbial accusative. |
| 15 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 20 δῆλά | cc | high | Correlative counterpart to μέν, introducing the explanatory/main assertion. |
| 16 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 20 δῆλά | cc | medium | Coordinating/emphatic καί; exact scope is slightly uncertain. |
| 17 | τὰ | ὁ | DET | T A P N | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 19 μνήμην | det | high | |
| 18 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | PREP | AdpositionType=PrepType | 19 μνήμην | case | high | Preposition governing μνήμην. |
| 19 | μνήμην | μνήμη | NOUN | N A S F | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 20 δῆλά | obl | high | Object of ἐς within the phrase τὰ ἐς μνήμην, 'things relating to memory/remembrance'. |
| 20 | δῆλά | δῆλος | ADJ | A N P N | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 21 ἐστι | xcomp | high | Predicate adjective with understood neuter plural subject τὰ ἐς μνήμην. |
| 21 | ἐστι | εἰμί | AUX | V P I 3 S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | medium | Copular verb; singular agreement is common with a neuter plural subject. Main assertion of the second clause. |
| 22 | · | · | PUNCT | PUNCT | _ | 21 ἐστι | punct | high |
Μέλαιναν δὲ ἐπονομάσαι φασὶν αὐτήν, ὅτι καὶ ἡ θεὸς μέλαιναν τὴν ἐσθῆτα εἶχε.
Infinitival construction: Μέλαιναν ... ἐπονομάσαι is the reported naming, with αὐτήν as the infinitive's accusative object/predicative referent; φασίν is the matrix verb. ὅτι introduces the causal clause, where θεός is subject and μέλαιναν agrees with τὴν ἐσθῆτα as object predicative adjective.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Μέλαιναν | μέλας | ADJ | A-ASN | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 3 ἐπονομάσαι | obj | high | Accusative feminine singular adjective, object/predicative complement in the naming infinitive. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 4 φασὶν | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | ἐπονομάσαι | ἐπονομάζω | VERB | V-ANP | Mood=Infinitive|Tense=Aorist|Voice=Active | 4 φασὶν | ccomp | high | Aorist active infinitive governed by φασίν. |
| 4 | φασὶν | φημί | VERB | V-PAI-3P | Mood=Indicative|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Present|Voice=Active | 0 ROOT | root | high | Matrix reporting verb. |
| 5 | αὐτήν | αὐτός | PRON | P-ASF3 | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Prs | 3 ἐπονομάσαι | obj | high | Accusative subject/object referent of the infinitival naming construction. |
| 6 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 4 φασὶν | punct | high | |
| 7 | ὅτι | ὅτι | SCONJ | CONJ | _ | 14 εἶχε | mark | high | Causal subordinating conjunction. |
| 8 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 11 μέλαιναν | advmod | high | Additive particle modifying the predicate adjective. |
| 9 | ἡ | ὁ | DET | T-NSF | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 10 θεὸς | det | high | |
| 10 | θεὸς | θεός | NOUN | N-NSF | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 14 εἶχε | nsubj | high | Feminine noun here, referring to the goddess. |
| 11 | μέλαιναν | μέλας | ADJ | A-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 14 εἶχε | xcomp | high | Accusative predicative adjective agreeing with the object τὴν ἐσθῆτα. |
| 12 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | T-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 13 ἐσθῆτα | det | high | |
| 13 | ἐσθῆτα | ἐσθής | NOUN | N-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 14 εἶχε | obj | high | Direct object of εἶχε. |
| 14 | εἶχε | ἔχω | VERB | V-IAI-3S | Mood=Indicative|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Imperfect|Voice=Active | 4 φασὶν | advcl | high | Finite verb of the causal ὅτι-clause. |
| 15 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 4 φασὶν | punct | high |