Grammar parses for passage 8.42.8
Open translation for this passage
μαρτυρεῖ δέ μοι τῷ λόγῳ· κατὰ γὰρ τὴν Ξέρξου διάβασιν ἐς τὴν Εὐρώπην Συρακουσῶν τε ἐτυράννει καὶ Σικελίας τῆς ἄλλης Γέλων ὁ Δεινομένους·
The sentence has a coordinated predicate: Γέλων is the subject of ἐτυράννει, with Συρακουσῶν and Σικελίας τῆς ἄλλης coordinated genitive domains; κατὰ τὴν Ξέρξου διάβασιν ἐς τὴν Εὐρώπην is a temporal frame. The punctuation mark at token 6 separates the explanatory clause; token 25 closes the sentence.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | μαρτυρεῖ | μαρτυρέω | VERB | V-PAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 2 | δέ | δέ | CCONJ | C | _ | 1 μαρτυρεῖ | cc | high | |
| 3 | μοι | ἐγώ | PRON | P-1D | Case=Dat|Number=Sing|Person=1 | 1 μαρτυρεῖ | iobj | high | |
| 4 | τῷ | ὁ | DET | D-DNS | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 5 λόγῳ | det | high | |
| 5 | λόγῳ | λόγος | NOUN | N-DMS | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 1 μαρτυρεῖ | obl | high | |
| 6 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 1 μαρτυρεῖ | punct | high | |
| 7 | κατὰ | κατά | ADP | P | _ | 11 διάβασιν | case | high | |
| 8 | γὰρ | γάρ | PART | X | _ | 17 ἐτυράννει | advmod | high | |
| 9 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | D-AFS | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 11 διάβασιν | det | high | |
| 10 | Ξέρξου | Ξέρξης | PROPN | N-GMS | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 11 διάβασιν | nmod | high | |
| 11 | διάβασιν | διάβασις | NOUN | N-AFS | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 17 ἐτυράννει | obl | high | |
| 12 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | P | _ | 14 Εὐρώπην | case | high | |
| 13 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | D-AFS | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 14 Εὐρώπην | det | high | |
| 14 | Εὐρώπην | Εὐρώπη | PROPN | N-AFS | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 11 διάβασιν | nmod | high | |
| 15 | Συρακουσῶν | Συράκουσαι | PROPN | N-GFP | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 17 ἐτυράννει | obl | high | Genitive of the city/domain governed semantically by τυραννεύω. |
| 16 | τε | τε | CCONJ | C | _ | 15 Συρακουσῶν | cc | high | Coordinates the two genitive domains. |
| 17 | ἐτυράννει | τυραννεύω | VERB | V-IAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Imp|Voice=Act | 1 μαρτυρεῖ | conj | high | |
| 18 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C | _ | 17 ἐτυράννει | cc | high | |
| 19 | Σικελίας | Σικελία | PROPN | N-GFS | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 17 ἐτυράννει | obl | high | Genitive of the larger territory/domain governed by τυραννεύω. |
| 20 | τῆς | ὁ | DET | D-GFS | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 21 ἄλλης | det | high | |
| 21 | ἄλλης | ἄλλος | ADJ | A-GFS | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 19 Σικελίας | amod | high | Restrictive adjective: the rest/other Sicily. |
| 22 | Γέλων | Γέλων | PROPN | N-NMS | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 17 ἐτυράννει | nsubj | high | |
| 23 | ὁ | ὁ | DET | D-NMS | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 24 Δεινομένους | det | high | |
| 24 | Δεινομένους | Δεινομένης | PROPN | N-GMS | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 22 Γέλων | nmod | medium | Patronymic genitive, ‘son of Deinomenes’; ὁ Δεινομένους is an appositional patronymic phrase. |
| 25 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 17 ἐτυράννει | punct | high |
ἐπεὶ δὲ ἐτελεύτησε Γέλων, ἐς Ἱέρωνα ἀδελφὸν Γέλωνος περιῆλθεν ἡ ἀρχή·
The temporal clause ἐπεὶ δὲ ἐτελεύτησε Γέλων modifies περιῆλθεν; ἐς Ἱέρωνα ἀδελφὸν Γέλωνος expresses transfer of rule to Hiero, identified as Gelon's brother.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἐπεὶ | ἐπεί | SCONJ | CONJ | _ | 3 ἐτελεύτησε | mark | high | Temporal/subordinating conjunction introducing the οτε clause. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 10 περιῆλθεν | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | ἐτελεύτησε | τελευτάω | VERB | V-2AAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 10 περιῆλθεν | advcl | high | Aorist indicative in the temporal subordinate clause. |
| 4 | Γέλων | Γέλων | PROPN | N-----NSM- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 3 ἐτελεύτησε | nsubj | high | Subject of ἐτελεύτησε. |
| 5 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 3 ἐτελεύτησε | punct | high | |
| 6 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | PREP | _ | 7 Ἱέρωνα | case | high | Preposition governing the accusative. |
| 7 | Ἱέρωνα | Ἱέρων | PROPN | N-----ASM- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 10 περιῆλθεν | obl | high | Destination/recipient with ἐς; accusative masculine singular. |
| 8 | ἀδελφὸν | ἀδελφός | NOUN | N-----ASM- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 7 Ἱέρωνα | appos | high | Appositional identification of Ἱέρωνα. |
| 9 | Γέλωνος | Γέλων | PROPN | N-----GSM- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 8 ἀδελφὸν | nmod | high | Genitive dependent on ἀδελφόν. |
| 10 | περιῆλθεν | περιέρχομαι | VERB | V-2AAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main-clause verb; aorist active form with intransitive sense ‘passed to’. |
| 11 | ἡ | ὁ | DET | T----NSF- | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 12 ἀρχή | det | high | |
| 12 | ἀρχή | ἀρχή | NOUN | N-----NSF- | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 10 περιῆλθεν | nsubj | high | Subject of περιῆλθεν. |
| 13 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 10 περιῆλθεν | punct | high |
Ἱέρωνος δὲ ἀποθανόντος πρότερον πρὶν ἢ τῷ Ὀλυμπίῳ Διὶ ἀναθεῖναι τὰ ἀναθήματα ἃ εὔξατο ἐπὶ τῶν ἵππων ταῖς νίκαις, οὕτω Δεινομένης ὁ Ἱέρωνος ἀπέδωκεν ὑπὲρ τοῦ πατρός.
The genitive absolute Ἱέρωνος ἀποθανόντος supplies the temporal background; πρότερον πρὶν ἤ introduces an infinitival temporal clause. ὁ Ἱέρωνος is the transmitted subject/name construction with Δεινομένης as appositional or subject-like nominative; the exact syntax of the name sequence is somewhat uncertain.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Ἱέρωνος | Ἱέρων | PROPN | N---GM--- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 3 ἀποθανόντος | nsubj | high | Genitive-absolute subject. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 25 ἀπέδωκεν | cc | high | |
| 3 | ἀποθανόντος | ἀποθνῄσκω | VERB | V--PAPGMS- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 25 ἀπέδωκεν | advcl | high | Genitive absolute participle. |
| 4 | πρότερον | πρότερον | ADV | D-------- | Degree=Cmp | 10 ἀναθεῖναι | advmod | high | Temporal comparative adverb. |
| 5 | πρὶν | πρίν | SCONJ | C-------- | _ | 10 ἀναθεῖναι | mark | high | |
| 6 | ἢ | ἤ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 10 ἀναθεῖναι | cc | medium | Correlative/complementing particle in πρὶν ἤ. |
| 7 | τῷ | ὁ | DET | S---DM-- | Case=Dat|Definite=Def|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 9 Διὶ | det | high | |
| 8 | Ὀλυμπίῳ | Ὀλύμπιος | PROPN | A---DM-- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 9 Διὶ | amod | high | Epithet of Zeus. |
| 9 | Διὶ | Ζεύς | PROPN | N---DM--- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 10 ἀναθεῖναι | iobj | high | Recipient of ἀναθεῖναι. |
| 10 | ἀναθεῖναι | ἀνατίθημι | VERB | V--AAN---- | Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act | 25 ἀπέδωκεν | advcl | high | Infinitive governed by πρὶν ἤ. |
| 11 | τὰ | ὁ | DET | S---AN-- | Case=Acc|Definite=Def|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 12 ἀναθήματα | det | high | |
| 12 | ἀναθήματα | ἀνάθημα | NOUN | N---AN-- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 10 ἀναθεῖναι | obj | high | Object of ἀναθεῖναι. |
| 13 | ἃ | ὅς | PRON | P---AN-- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 14 εὔξατο | obj | high | Relative pronoun referring to ἀναθήματα. |
| 14 | εὔξατο | εὔχομαι | VERB | V--AMI3S-- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Mid | 12 ἀναθήματα | acl:relcl | high | |
| 15 | ἐπὶ | ἐπί | ADP | R-------- | _ | 17 ἵππων | case | high | With genitive, here 'in the contests/races'. |
| 16 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | S---GG-- | Case=Gen|Definite=Def|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 17 ἵππων | det | high | |
| 17 | ἵππων | ἵππος | NOUN | N---GG-- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 14 εὔξατο | obl | high | Genitive complement of ἐπί. |
| 18 | ταῖς | ὁ | DET | S---DF-- | Case=Dat|Definite=Def|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 19 νίκαις | det | high | |
| 19 | νίκαις | νίκη | NOUN | N---DF-- | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 14 εὔξατο | obl | high | Dative of circumstance/occasion with εὔξατο. |
| 20 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 25 ἀπέδωκεν | punct | high | |
| 21 | οὕτω | οὕτω | ADV | D-------- | _ | 25 ἀπέδωκεν | advmod | high | Correlative adverb, 'thus/accordingly'. |
| 22 | Δεινομένης | Δεινομένης | PROPN | N---NM--- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 25 ἀπέδωκεν | nsubj | medium | Nominative personal name; syntactic relation to ὁ Ἱέρωνος is uncertain in the transmitted wording. |
| 23 | ὁ | ὁ | DET | S---NM-- | Case=Nom|Definite=Def|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 24 Ἱέρωνος | det | high | |
| 24 | Ἱέρωνος | Ἱέρων | PROPN | N---NM--- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 22 Δεινομένης | appos | low | Likely appositional/name phrase with Δεινομένης, but the token sequence is syntactically irregular. |
| 25 | ἀπέδωκεν | ἀποδίδωμι | VERB | V--AAI3S-- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 26 | ὑπὲρ | ὑπέρ | ADP | R-------- | _ | 28 πατρός | case | high | With genitive, 'on behalf of'. |
| 27 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | S---GM-- | Case=Gen|Definite=Def|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 28 πατρός | det | high | |
| 28 | πατρός | πατήρ | NOUN | N---GM--- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 25 ἀπέδωκεν | obl | high | |
| 29 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 25 ἀπέδωκεν | punct | high |