Grammar parses for passage 8.43.3
Open translation for this passage
ὁ δὲ Ἀντωνῖνος, ὅτῳ καὶ ἐς Παλλαντιεῖς ἐστιν εὐεργετήματα, πόλεμον μὲν Ῥωμαίοις ἐθελοντὴς ἐπηγάγετο οὐδένα, πολέμου δὲ ἄρξαντας Μαύρους, Λιβύων τῶν αὐτονόμων τὴν μεγίστην μοῖραν, νομάδας τε ὄντας καὶ τοσῷδε ἔτι δυσμαχωτέρους τοῦ Σκυθικοῦ γένους ὅσῳ μὴ ἐπὶ ἁμαξῶν, ἐπὶ ἵππων δὲ αὐτοί τε καὶ αἱ γυναῖκες ἠλῶντο, τούτους μὲν ἐξ ἁπάσης ἐλαύνων τῆς χώρας ἐς τὰ ἔσχατα ἠνάγκασεν ἀναφυγεῖν Λιβύης, ἐπί τε Ἄτλαντα τὸ ὄρος καὶ ἐς τοὺς πρὸς τῷ Ἄτλαντι ἀνθρώπους·
The syntax is heavily participial and appositional; several clauses hang from ἠνάγκασεν, while the comparative segment with δυσμαχωτέρους/ἠλῶντο is somewhat uncertain in attachment.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ὁ | ὁ | DET | L#-s-n--- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 3 Ἀντωνῖνος | det | high | Article with Ἀντωνῖνος. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | PART | G-------- | _ | 3 Ἀντωνῖνος | discourse | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | Ἀντωνῖνος | Ἀντωνῖνος | PROPN | Ne-s---mn- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 16 ἐπηγάγετο | nsubj | high | Subject of ἐπηγάγετο. |
| 4 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 3 Ἀντωνῖνος | punct | high | Comma. |
| 5 | ὅτῳ | ὅστις | PRON | P-------d- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Rel | 9 ἐστιν | obl | medium | Relative pronoun, likely dative of reference. |
| 6 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 5 ὅτῳ | advmod | medium | Emphatic/additive particle modifying the relative clause. |
| 7 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | R-------- | _ | 8 Παλλαντιεῖς | case | high | Preposition. |
| 8 | Παλλαντιεῖς | Παλλαντιεύς | PROPN | Ne-p---ma- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 9 ἐστιν | obl | medium | Likely object of ἐς; form may be ethnicon/place-name. |
| 9 | ἐστιν | εἰμί | AUX | V3spia--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 3 Ἀντωνῖνος | acl:relcl | medium | Copular verb in relative clause, likely impersonal/possessive sense. |
| 10 | εὐεργετήματα | εὐεργέτημα | NOUN | Nb-p---nn- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 9 ἐστιν | nsubj | medium | Predicate/subject within the relative clause. |
| 11 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 3 Ἀντωνῖνος | punct | high | Comma. |
| 12 | πόλεμον | πόλεμος | NOUN | Nc-s---ma- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 16 ἐπηγάγετο | obj | high | Direct object of ἐπηγάγετο. |
| 13 | μὲν | μέν | PART | G-------- | _ | 16 ἐπηγάγετο | discourse | high | Correlative marker. |
| 14 | Ῥωμαίοις | Ῥωμαῖος | PROPN | A-p---md- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 16 ἐπηγάγετο | obl | high | Dative recipient/advantage. |
| 15 | ἐθελοντὴς | ἐθελοντής | NOUN | Nc-s---mn- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 16 ἐπηγάγετο | advmod | medium | Adverbial accusative? form is nominative; likely predicative/adverbial use with subject. |
| 16 | ἐπηγάγετο | ἐπάγω | VERB | V3saim--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main verb. |
| 17 | οὐδένα | οὐδείς | DET | A-s---ma- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Neg | 12 πόλεμον | amod | high | Negative determiner modifying πόλεμον. |
| 18 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 16 ἐπηγάγετο | punct | high | Comma. |
| 19 | πολέμου | πόλεμος | NOUN | Nc-s---mg- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 16 ἐπηγάγετο | obl | medium | Genitive absolute-like/partitive relation introducing following participial phrase. |
| 20 | δὲ | δέ | PART | G-------- | _ | 21 ἄρξαντας | discourse | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 21 | ἄρξαντας | ἄρχω | VERB | Vp-a-pam- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 66 ἠνάγκασεν | advcl | high | Participial clause modifying ἠνάγκασεν. |
| 22 | Μαύρους | Μαῦρος | PROPN | Ne-p---ma- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 21 ἄρξαντας | obj | medium | Object of ἄρξαντας. |
| 23 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 21 ἄρξαντας | punct | high | Comma. |
| 24 | Λιβύων | Λιβύες | PROPN | Ne-p---mg- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 29 μοῖραν | nmod | high | Genitive modifier of μοῖραν. |
| 25 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | L-p---mg- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 26 αὐτονόμων | det | high | Article with αὐτονόμων. |
| 26 | αὐτονόμων | αὐτόνομος | ADJ | A-p---mg- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 24 Λιβύων | amod | high | Attributive modifier. |
| 27 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | L-s---fa- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 29 μοῖραν | det | high | Article with μοῖραν. |
| 28 | μεγίστην | μέγας | ADJ | A-s---fa- | Case=Acc|Degree=Sup|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 29 μοῖραν | amod | high | Attributive modifier. |
| 29 | μοῖραν | μοῖρα | NOUN | Nc-s---fa- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 21 ἄρξαντας | obj | high | Object of ἄρξαντας. |
| 30 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 21 ἄρξαντας | punct | high | Comma. |
| 31 | νομάδας | νομάς | NOUN | Nc-p---fa- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 33 ὄντας | obj | high | Object with participle ὄντας in apposition. |
| 32 | τε | τε | PART | G-------- | _ | 31 νομάδας | discourse | high | Enclitic connective. |
| 33 | ὄντας | εἰμί | AUX | V-papamn- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 21 ἄρξαντας | advcl | medium | Participial clause; agreement with Μαύρους/νομάδας is somewhat loose. |
| 34 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 37 δυσμαχωτέρους | cc | high | Connective. |
| 35 | τοσῷδε | τοσοῦτος | DET | Pd-s---md- | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Dem | 37 δυσμαχωτέρους | obl | medium | Correlative dative of degree with ὅσῳ. |
| 36 | ἔτι | ἔτι | ADV | D-------- | _ | 37 δυσμαχωτέρους | advmod | high | Adverb. |
| 37 | δυσμαχωτέρους | δυσμάχητος | ADJ | A-p---mc- | Case=Acc|Degree=Cmp|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 33 ὄντας | xcomp | medium | Comparative predicate complement to ὄντας. |
| 38 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | L-s---mg- | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 40 γένους | det | high | Article with γένους. |
| 39 | Σκυθικοῦ | Σκυθικός | ADJ | A-s---mg- | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 40 γένους | amod | high | Attributive modifier. |
| 40 | γένους | γένος | NOUN | Nc-s---ng- | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 37 δυσμαχωτέρους | obl | high | Genitive comparison standard. |
| 41 | ὅσῳ | ὅσος | ADV | D-------- | _ | 37 δυσμαχωτέρους | advmod | medium | Degree correlator with τοσῷδε. |
| 42 | μὴ | μή | PART | G-------- | _ | 54 ἠλῶντο | advmod | high | Negation. |
| 43 | ἐπὶ | ἐπί | ADP | R-------- | _ | 44 ἁμαξῶν | case | high | Preposition. |
| 44 | ἁμαξῶν | ἁμάξα | NOUN | Nc-p---fg- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 54 ἠλῶντο | obl | medium | Genitive with preposition; sense 'on wagons'. |
| 45 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 54 ἠλῶντο | punct | high | Comma. |
| 46 | ἐπὶ | ἐπί | ADP | R-------- | _ | 47 ἵππων | case | high | Preposition. |
| 47 | ἵππων | ἵππος | NOUN | Nc-p---mg- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 54 ἠλῶντο | obl | high | Prepositional phrase. |
| 48 | δὲ | δέ | PART | G-------- | _ | 54 ἠλῶντο | discourse | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 49 | αὐτοί | αὐτός | PRON | P-p---mn- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs | 54 ἠλῶντο | nsubj | high | Subject. |
| 50 | τε | τε | PART | G-------- | _ | 49 αὐτοί | discourse | high | Enclitic connective. |
| 51 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 52 αἱ | cc | high | Connective. |
| 52 | αἱ | ὁ | DET | L-p---fn- | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 53 γυναῖκες | det | high | Article with γυναῖκες. |
| 53 | γυναῖκες | γυνή | NOUN | Nc-p---fn- | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 49 αὐτοί | conj | high | Conjunct subject. |
| 54 | ἠλῶντο | ἀλάομαι | VERB | V3piim--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Imp|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Mid | 37 δυσμαχωτέρους | advcl | medium | Likely governed by the comparative clause; form/lemma uncertain. |
| 55 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 54 ἠλῶντο | punct | high | Comma. |
| 56 | τούτους | οὗτος | PRON | Pd-p---ma- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Dem | 66 ἠνάγκασεν | obj | high | Direct object of ἠνάγκασεν. |
| 57 | μὲν | μέν | PART | G-------- | _ | 66 ἠνάγκασεν | discourse | high | Correlative marker. |
| 58 | ἐξ | ἐκ | ADP | R-------- | _ | 59 ἁπάσης | case | high | Preposition. |
| 59 | ἁπάσης | ἅπας | ADJ | A-s---fg- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 62 χώρας | amod | high | Modifier of χώρας. |
| 60 | ἐλαύνων | ἐλαύνω | VERB | V-sppamn- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 66 ἠνάγκασεν | advcl | high | Participial modifier of ἠνάγκασεν. |
| 61 | τῆς | ὁ | DET | L-s---fg- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 62 χώρας | det | high | Article with χώρας. |
| 62 | χώρας | χώρα | NOUN | Nc-s---fg- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 60 ἐλαύνων | obl | high | Object of ἐλαύνων with ἐξ. |
| 63 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | R-------- | _ | 65 ἔσχατα | case | high | Preposition. |
| 64 | τὰ | ὁ | DET | L-p---na- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 65 ἔσχατα | det | high | Article with ἔσχατα. |
| 65 | ἔσχατα | ἔσχατος | ADJ | A-p---na- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 66 ἠνάγκασεν | obl | high | Goal phrase with ἐς. |
| 66 | ἠνάγκασεν | ἀναγκάζω | VERB | V3saia--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main verb of second clause. |
| 67 | ἀναφυγεῖν | ἀναφεύγω | VERB | V--ana--- | Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act | 66 ἠνάγκασεν | xcomp | high | Complementary infinitive. |
| 68 | Λιβύης | Λιβύη | PROPN | Ne-s---fg- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 67 ἀναφυγεῖν | obl | high | Genitive complement with ἀναφυγεῖν. |
| 69 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 66 ἠνάγκασεν | punct | high | Comma. |
| 70 | ἐπί | ἐπί | ADP | R-------- | _ | 72 Ἄτλαντα | case | high | Preposition. |
| 71 | τε | τε | PART | G-------- | _ | 70 ἐπί | advmod | medium | Paired with καί in correlative phrase. |
| 72 | Ἄτλαντα | Ἄτλας | PROPN | Ne-s---ma- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 66 ἠνάγκασεν | obl | high | Object of ἐπί. |
| 73 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | L-s---na- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 74 ὄρος | det | high | Article with ὄρος. |
| 74 | ὄρος | ὄρος | NOUN | Nc-s---na- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 72 Ἄτλαντα | appos | medium | Apposition to Ἄτλαντα. |
| 75 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 76 ἐς | cc | high | Connective. |
| 76 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | R-------- | _ | 81 ἀνθρώπους | case | high | Preposition. |
| 77 | τοὺς | ὁ | DET | L-p---ma- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 81 ἀνθρώπους | det | high | Article with ἀνθρώπους. |
| 78 | πρὸς | πρός | ADP | R-------- | _ | 80 Ἄτλαντι | case | high | Preposition. |
| 79 | τῷ | ὁ | DET | L-s---md- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 80 Ἄτλαντι | det | high | Article with Ἄτλαντι. |
| 80 | Ἄτλαντι | Ἄτλας | PROPN | Ne-s---md- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 81 ἀνθρώπους | nmod | high | Governed by πρός. |
| 81 | ἀνθρώπους | ἄνθρωπος | NOUN | Nc-p---ma- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 66 ἠνάγκασεν | obl | high | Goal phrase with ἐς. |
| 82 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 66 ἠνάγκασεν | punct | high | Sentence-final punctuation. |