Grammar parses for passage 8.44.1
Open translation for this passage
τὰ δὲ δὴ ἐπίλοιπα ἡμῖν τοῦ Ἀρκαδικοῦ λόγου ἔστιν ἐκ Μεγάλης πόλεως ἐς Παλλάντιον ὁδὸς καὶ ἐς Τεγέαν, ἄγουσα αὕτη μέχρι τοῦ καλουμένου Χώματος.
The syntax is somewhat compressed: ἐπίλοιπα and ὁδός are both linked to the copula ἔστιν, with the participial clause ἄγουσα αὕτη μέχρι... modifying ὁδός.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | τὰ | ὁ | DET | ATR NPN | Case=Nominative|Gender=Neuter|Number=Plural|PronType=Art | 4 ἐπίλοιπα | det | high | Article with substantivized adjective. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | PART | _ | _ | 9 ἔστιν | discourse | high | Postpositive connective particle. |
| 3 | δὴ | δή | PART | _ | _ | 9 ἔστιν | discourse | high | Emphatic particle. |
| 4 | ἐπίλοιπα | ἐπίλοιπος | ADJ | ATR NPN | Case=Nominative|Gender=Neuter|Number=Plural | 9 ἔστιν | nsubj | medium | Likely nominalized subject with article. |
| 5 | ἡμῖν | ἐγώ | PRON | Pp1pd | Case=Dative|Number=Plural|Person=1|PronType=Prs | 9 ἔστιν | iobj | medium | Dative of reference/interest. |
| 6 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | ATR GSM | Case=Genitive|Gender=Masculine|Number=Singular|PronType=Art | 8 λόγου | det | high | Article modifying λόγου. |
| 7 | Ἀρκαδικοῦ | Ἀρκαδικός | ADJ | ATR GSM | Case=Genitive|Gender=Masculine|Number=Singular | 8 λόγου | amod | high | Attributive adjective. |
| 8 | λόγου | λόγος | NOUN | N-SM | Case=Genitive|Gender=Masculine|Number=Singular | 4 ἐπίλοιπα | nmod | medium | Genitive dependent of ἐπίλοιπα. |
| 9 | ἔστιν | εἰμί | AUX | V-3SPI | Mood=Indicative|Number=Singular|Person=Third|Tense=Present|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Active | 0 ROOT | root | high | Copular/existential verb. |
| 10 | ἐκ | ἐκ | ADP | R | _ | 12 πόλεως | case | high | Preposition governing Μεγάλης πόλεως. |
| 11 | Μεγάλης | μέγας | ADJ | ATR GSF | Case=Genitive|Gender=Feminine|Number=Singular | 12 πόλεως | amod | high | Attributive adjective. |
| 12 | πόλεως | πόλις | NOUN | N-GF | Case=Genitive|Gender=Feminine|Number=Singular | 9 ἔστιν | obl | high | Prepositional oblique with ἐκ. |
| 13 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | R | _ | 14 Παλλάντιον | case | high | Preposition. |
| 14 | Παλλάντιον | Παλλάντιον | PROPN | N-ASN | Case=Accusative|Gender=Neuter|Number=Singular | 15 ὁδὸς | nmod | medium | Goal phrase dependent on ὁδός. |
| 15 | ὁδὸς | ὁδός | NOUN | N-NF | Case=Nominative|Gender=Feminine|Number=Singular | 9 ἔστιν | nsubj | high | Subject of ἔστιν. |
| 16 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 15 ὁδὸς | cc | high | Coordinates the following PP with the preceding one. |
| 17 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | R | _ | 18 Τεγέαν | case | high | Preposition. |
| 18 | Τεγέαν | Τεγέα | PROPN | N-ASF | Case=Accusative|Gender=Feminine|Number=Singular | 15 ὁδὸς | conj | medium | Second coordinated goal phrase. |
| 19 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 15 ὁδὸς | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 20 | ἄγουσα | ἄγω | VERB | V-PAP-NSF | Case=Nominative|Gender=Feminine|Number=Singular|Tense=Present|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Active | 15 ὁδὸς | acl | high | Participial modifier agreeing with ὁδός. |
| 21 | αὕτη | οὗτος | PRON | Pd-NSF | Case=Nominative|Gender=Feminine|Number=Singular|PronType=Dem | 20 ἄγουσα | nsubj | high | Subject of participle ἄγουσα. |
| 22 | μέχρι | μέχρι | ADP | R | _ | 25 Χώματος | case | high | Preposition governing genitive. |
| 23 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | ATR GSM | Case=Genitive|Gender=Masculine|Number=Singular|PronType=Art | 25 Χώματος | det | high | Article with participle/noun phrase. |
| 24 | καλουμένου | καλέω | VERB | V-PMP-GSM | Case=Genitive|Gender=Masculine|Number=Singular|Tense=Present|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Middle | 25 Χώματος | amod | high | Participle functioning adjectivally. |
| 25 | Χώματος | Χῶμα | NOUN | N-GSN | Case=Genitive|Gender=Neuter|Number=Singular | 20 ἄγουσα | obl | medium | Genitive complement of μέχρι; attaches to participial phrase. |
| 26 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 9 ἔστιν | punct | high | Punctuation. |
κατὰ ταύτην τὴν ὁδὸν Λαδόκειά σφισιν ὠνόμασται τὰ πρὸ τοῦ ἄστεως ἀπὸ Λαδόκου τοῦ Ἐχέμου,
The clause is straightforward overall, but τὰ πρὸ τοῦ ἄστεως is syntactically compressed and may function as a substantive phrase describing the area 'in front of the city'.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | κατὰ | κατά | ADP | _ | _ | 4 ὁδὸν | case | high | Governed by ὁδόν. |
| 2 | ταύτην | οὗτος | DET | PD-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Dem | 4 ὁδὸν | det | high | |
| 3 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | RA-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 4 ὁδὸν | det | high | |
| 4 | ὁδὸν | ὁδός | NOUN | N-SFSA | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 7 ὠνόμασται | obl | high | Prepositional oblique with κατὰ. |
| 5 | Λαδόκειά | Λαδόκεια | PROPN | N-P---N | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 7 ὠνόμασται | nsubj:pass | medium | Likely predicative subject/name; form may reflect a place-name in nominative. |
| 6 | σφισιν | σφεῖς | PRON | P-P---D | Case=Dat|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs | 7 ὠνόμασται | iobj | high | Dative of reference/beneficiary. |
| 7 | ὠνόμασται | ὀνομάζω | VERB | V-3SRPI | Aspect=Perf|Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Perf|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | high | Perfect middle/passive finite verb. |
| 8 | τὰ | ὁ | DET | RA-NPN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 11 ἄστεως | det | high | Article with ἄστεως? Syntax is somewhat irregular; likely heading a neuter plural substantive meaning 'the parts/places'. |
| 9 | πρὸ | πρό | ADP | _ | _ | 11 ἄστεως | case | high | Preposition governing ἄστεως. |
| 10 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | RA-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 11 ἄστεως | det | high | |
| 11 | ἄστεως | ἄστυ | NOUN | N-SNSG | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 8 τὰ | nmod | high | Dependent of τὰ; phrase 'before the city'. |
| 12 | ἀπὸ | ἀπό | ADP | _ | _ | 13 Λαδόκου | case | high | Preposition governing Λαδόκου. |
| 13 | Λαδόκου | Λαδόκος | PROPN | N-S---G | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 7 ὠνόμασται | obl | high | Genitive with ἀπό. |
| 14 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | RA-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 15 Ἐχέμου | det | high | |
| 15 | Ἐχέμου | Ἔχεμος | PROPN | N-S---G | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 13 Λαδόκου | nmod | high | Genitive apposition/identifier to Λαδόκου. |
| 16 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 7 ὠνόμασται | punct | high |
καὶ μετὰ ταῦτα Αἱμονιαὶ πόλις ἦσαν τὸ ἀρχαῖον· οἰκιστὴς δὲ Αἵμων ἐγένετο αὐταῖς ὁ Λυκάονος,
The first clause has irregular agreement in the transmitted text (plural ἦσαν with singular πόλις); the second clause is a copular/ingressive construction with predicative name and genitive patronymic.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 6 ἦσαν | cc | high | Coordinator linking clauses. |
| 2 | μετὰ | μετά | ADP | _ | Case=ACC | 3 ταῦτα | case | high | Preposition governing accusative. |
| 3 | ταῦτα | οὗτος | PRON | _ | Case=ACC|Gender=NEUT|Number=PLUR|Person=3|PronType=Dem | 6 ἦσαν | obl | high | Temporal modifier with μετά. |
| 4 | Αἱμονιαὶ | Αἱμονία | PROPN | _ | Case=NOM|Gender=FEM|Number=PLUR | 6 ἦσαν | nsubj | medium | Likely adjectival/name form used substantively; number matches ἦσαν. |
| 5 | πόλις | πόλις | NOUN | _ | Case=NOM|Gender=FEM|Number=SG | 6 ἦσαν | xcomp | low | Appositional predicate noun; agreement with plural subject is irregular in the transmitted text. |
| 6 | ἦσαν | εἰμί | VERB | _ | Mood=IND|Number=PLUR|Person=3|Tense=IMP|Voice=ACT | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main predicate of first clause. |
| 7 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=ACC|Gender=NEUT|Number=SG|PronType=Art | 8 ἀρχαῖον | det | high | Article with adjective used substantivally. |
| 8 | ἀρχαῖον | ἀρχαῖος | ADJ | _ | Case=ACC|Gender=NEUT|Number=SG | 6 ἦσαν | advmod | medium | Adverbial accusative expressing 'formerly'/'at first'. |
| 9 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 6 ἦσαν | punct | high | Middle stop punctuation. |
| 10 | οἰκιστὴς | οἰκιστής | NOUN | _ | Case=NOM|Gender=MASC|Number=SG | 13 ἐγένετο | nsubj | high | Subject of ἐγένετο. |
| 11 | δὲ | δέ | PART | _ | _ | 13 ἐγένετο | discourse | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 12 | Αἵμων | Αἵμων | PROPN | _ | Case=NOM|Gender=MASC|Number=SG | 13 ἐγένετο | xcomp | high | Predicative complement with γίγνομαι. |
| 13 | ἐγένετο | γίγνομαι | VERB | _ | Mood=IND|Number=SG|Person=3|Tense=AOR|Voice=MID | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main predicate of second clause. |
| 14 | αὐταῖς | αὐτός | PRON | _ | Case=DAT|Gender=FEM|Number=PLUR|Person=3|PronType=Prs | 13 ἐγένετο | iobj | medium | Dative of advantage/reference, likely with ἐγένετο. |
| 15 | ὁ | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=NOM|Gender=MASC|Number=SG|PronType=Art | 16 Λυκάονος | det | high | Article with patronymic/name phrase. |
| 16 | Λυκάονος | Λυκάων | PROPN | _ | Case=GEN|Gender=MASC|Number=SG | 12 Αἵμων | nmod | high | Genitive dependent of Αἵμων, indicating lineage. |
| 17 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 13 ἐγένετο | punct | high | Comma punctuation. |
διαμεμένηκε δὲ καὶ ἐς τόδε Αἱμονιὰς τὸ χωρίον τοῦτο ὀνομάζεσθαι.
The construction is elliptical in English terms: a perfect verb with an infinitival complement, and the phrase ἐς τόδε is adverbial; καὶ may coordinate with the prepositional phrase rather than a full clause.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | διαμεμένηκε | διαμένω | VERB | V-IXA-3S | Aspect=Perf|Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Perf|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Finite verb, main predicate. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | PART | _ | _ | 1 διαμεμένηκε | discourse | high | Postpositive connective particle. |
| 3 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 4 ἐς | cc | medium | Connective; likely joins to prepositional phrase. |
| 4 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | _ | _ | 1 διαμεμένηκε | obl | medium | Introduces adverbial phrase of extent/persistence. |
| 5 | τόδε | ὅδε | PRON | Pd---na- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Dem | 4 ἐς | obj | medium | Demonstrative modified by καί; could be adverbial use, but analyzed as pronoun here. |
| 6 | Αἱμονιὰς | Αἱμονιάς | PROPN | N-s---fa- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 10 ὀνομάζεσθαι | nsubj | high | Subject of infinitive. |
| 7 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | Pg-s-na- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 8 χωρίον | det | high | Article modifying χωρίον. |
| 8 | χωρίον | χωρίον | NOUN | N-s---na- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 10 ὀνομάζεσθαι | obj | high | Accusative complement in infinitival clause. |
| 9 | τοῦτο | οὗτος | PRON | Pd-s-na- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Dem | 8 χωρίον | det | high | Demonstrative modifying χωρίον. |
| 10 | ὀνομάζεσθαι | ὀνομάζω | VERB | V-PPN | Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Mid | 1 διαμεμένηκε | xcomp | high | Complementary infinitive depending on διαμεμένηκε. |
| 11 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 1 διαμεμένηκε | punct | high | Sentence-final punctuation. |