Grammar parses for passage 8.49.3
Open translation for this passage
μέγεθος μὲν δὴ καὶ σώματος ῥώμην ἀπέδει Πελοποννησίων οὐδενός, τὸ δὲ εἶδος ἦν τοῦ προσώπου κακός·
The first clause is elliptical: μέγεθος and σώματος ῥώμην are coordinated accusative objects of ἀπέδει, with Πελοποννησίων οὐδενός an ablatival/genitive comparison phrase (‘of no Peloponnesian’). In the second clause, τὸ εἶδος is subject of ἦν, τοῦ προσώπου is a genitive dependent on εἶδος, and κακός is a predicate adjective, formally masculine despite neuter subject, likely attracted to the implied masculine person; the text may be corrupt or contain a mismatched form.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | μέγεθος | μέγεθος | NOUN | n-s---na- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 7 ἀπέδει | obj | high | |
| 2 | μὲν | μέν | PART | g-------- | _ | 7 ἀπέδει | discourse | high | Correlative particle, paired with δέ. |
| 3 | δὴ | δή | PART | g-------- | _ | 7 ἀπέδει | discourse | high | |
| 4 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | c-------- | _ | 6 ῥώμην | cc | high | Coordinates σώματος ῥώμην with μέγεθος. |
| 5 | σώματος | σῶμα | NOUN | n-s---ng- | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 6 ῥώμην | nmod | high | |
| 6 | ῥώμην | ῥώμη | NOUN | n-s---fa- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 7 ἀπέδει | obj | high | Coordinated accusative object with μέγεθος. |
| 7 | ἀπέδει | ἀποδείκνυμι | VERB | v3saia--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | medium | Form is interpreted as ἀπέδειξε with final ξ omitted or a textual variant; exact morphology is uncertain. |
| 8 | Πελοποννησίων | Πελοποννήσιος | ADJ | a-p---ng- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 9 οὐδενός | amod | high | Substantivized adjective, ‘of Peloponnesians’. |
| 9 | οὐδενός | οὐδείς | PRON | a-s---mg- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 7 ἀπέδει | nmod | medium | Genitive of comparison/exclusion; coordinated conceptually with the first-clause objects. |
| 10 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 7 ἀπέδει | punct | high | |
| 11 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | l-s---na- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 13 εἶδος | det | high | |
| 12 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | c-------- | _ | 14 ἦν | cc | high | Contrasts the second clause with the first. |
| 13 | εἶδος | εἶδος | NOUN | n-s---nn- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 14 ἦν | nsubj | high | |
| 14 | ἦν | εἰμί | VERB | v3siia--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Impf|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | parataxis | high | Second coordinated clause; treated as a second root-like predicate. |
| 15 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | l-s---ng- | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 16 προσώπου | det | high | |
| 16 | προσώπου | πρόσωπον | NOUN | n-s---ng- | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 13 εἶδος | nmod | high | Genitive dependent on εἶδος: ‘appearance of the face’. |
| 17 | κακός | κακός | ADJ | a-s---mn- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 14 ἦν | xcomp | low | Predicate adjective, but masculine form mismatches neuter τὸ εἶδος; possibly textual corruption or attraction to an implied masculine referent. |
| 18 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 14 ἦν | punct | high |
καὶ ἐπὶ μὲν τοὺς στεφανίτας ἀγῶνας ὑπερεφρόνησεν ἀσκῆσαι, γῆν δὲ ἣν ἐκέκτητο ἐργαζόμενος οὐδὲ τὰ θηρία ἠμέλει τὰ ἄγρια ἐξαίρειν.
Two coordinated predicates are understood with the same subject: he disdained training for crown contests, while not neglecting either working the land he possessed or removing wild animals; ἐπὶ + accusative marks the contests concerned.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 7 ὑπερεφρόνησεν | cc | high | |
| 2 | ἐπὶ | ἐπί | ADP | PREP | _ | 6 ἀγῶνας | case | high | With accusative. |
| 3 | μὲν | μέν | PART | PRT | _ | 7 ὑπερεφρόνησεν | discourse | high | Correlative μὲν ... δὲ. |
| 4 | τοὺς | ὁ | DET | T-APM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 5 στεφανίτας | det | high | |
| 5 | στεφανίτας | στεφανίτης | ADJ | A-APM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 6 ἀγῶνας | amod | high | Substantivized adjective, ‘crown-bearing/recognized’ contests. |
| 6 | ἀγῶνας | ἀγών | NOUN | N-APM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 7 ὑπερεφρόνησεν | obl | high | |
| 7 | ὑπερεφρόνησεν | ὑπεροφρονέω | VERB | V-AAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 8 | ἀσκῆσαι | ἀσκέω | VERB | V-AAN | Mood=Inf|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 7 ὑπερεφρόνησεν | xcomp | high | Infinitive complement of ὑπερεφρόνησεν. |
| 9 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 7 ὑπερεφρόνησεν | punct | high | |
| 10 | γῆν | γῆ | NOUN | N-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 14 ἐργαζόμενος | obj | high | Object of ἐργαζόμενος. |
| 11 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 18 ἠμέλει | cc | high | Correlative counterpart to μὲν. |
| 12 | ἣν | ὅς | PRON | R-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 13 ἐκέκτητο | obj | high | Relative pronoun, antecedent γῆν. |
| 13 | ἐκέκτητο | κτάομαι | VERB | V-LMI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Perf|Voice=Mid | 10 γῆν | acl:relcl | high | Perfect middle of κτάομαι, ‘possessed/acquired’. |
| 14 | ἐργαζόμενος | ἐργάζομαι | VERB | V-PMP-NMS | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Mid | 18 ἠμέλει | advcl | high | Circumstantial participle with the implicit subject. |
| 15 | οὐδὲ | οὐδέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 18 ἠμέλει | cc | high | Coordinates the two objects/infinitival complements under ἠμέλει. |
| 16 | τὰ | ὁ | DET | T-APN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 17 θηρία | det | high | |
| 17 | θηρία | θηρίον | NOUN | N-APN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 21 ἐξαίρειν | obj | high | Object of ἐξαίρειν. |
| 18 | ἠμέλει | ἀμελέω | VERB | V-IAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Imp|Voice=Act | 7 ὑπερεφρόνησεν | conj | high | Coordinated with ὑπερεφρόνησεν; οὐδέ scopes over its infinitive complement. |
| 19 | τὰ | ὁ | DET | T-APN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 20 ἄγρια | det | high | |
| 20 | ἄγρια | ἄγριος | ADJ | A-APN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 17 θηρία | amod | high | Substantivized adjective, ‘wild’. |
| 21 | ἐξαίρειν | ἐξαιρέω | VERB | V-PAN | Mood=Inf|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 18 ἠμέλει | xcomp | high | Infinitive complement of ἠμέλει. |
| 22 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 7 ὑπερεφρόνησεν | punct | high |
ἐπιλέγεσθαι δὲ καὶ βιβλία φασὶν αὐτὸν σοφιστῶν τε τῶν εὐδοκιμούντων παρʼ Ἕλλησι καὶ ὅσα ἐς πολέμων μνήμην καὶ εἰ δή τι ἔχει διδασκαλίαν στρατηγημάτων·
Infinitival subject of φασίν: ‘they say that he reads/chooses books’; βιβλία is the accusative subject of ἐπιλέγεσθαι, with αὐτόν as its understood/raising accusative agent or experiencer. The final εἰ-clause is elliptical and modifies the books: ‘and [books] if they contain any instruction in tactics.’
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἐπιλέγεσθαι | ἐπιλέγω | VERB | V-PNM/P | Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Mid | 5 φασὶν | ccomp | medium | Present middle infinitive; semantic sense likely ‘read/select for reading’. Acts as complement of φασίν. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 5 φασὶν | cc | high | |
| 3 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 4 βιβλία | cc | high | Coordinates βιβλία with an understood parallel object/description. |
| 4 | βιβλία | βιβλίον | NOUN | N####NA--- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 1 ἐπιλέγεσθαι | nsubj | medium | Accusative subject of the infinitive, with neuter plural agreement. |
| 5 | φασὶν | φημί | VERB | V-PAI-3P- | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 6 | αὐτὸν | αὐτός | PRON | P-S---MA-- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Prs | 1 ἐπιλέγεσθαι | obj | medium | Accusative person associated with the infinitive; construed as its understood agent/experiencer. |
| 7 | σοφιστῶν | σοφιστής | NOUN | N-----MG-- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 4 βιβλία | nmod | high | Genitive dependent on βιβλία: books of sophists. |
| 8 | τε | τε | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 7 σοφιστῶν | cc | high | Coordinates the first genitive phrase with the following one. |
| 9 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | T----MG--- | Case=Gen|Definite=Def|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 10 εὐδοκιμούντων | det | high | |
| 10 | εὐδοκιμούντων | εὐδοκιμέω | VERB | V-PAPMGP- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 7 σοφιστῶν | acl | high | Substantivized participle, agreeing with τῶν and specifying the sophists. |
| 11 | παρʼ | παρά | ADP | R-------- | _ | 10 εὐδοκιμούντων | obl | high | παρά with dative expresses standing/repute among. |
| 12 | Ἕλλησι | Ἕλλην | PROPN | N-----DP-- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 11 παρʼ | obl | high | Dative complement of παρά. |
| 13 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 14 ὅσα | cc | high | Coordinates ὅσα with the preceding βιβλία phrase. |
| 14 | ὅσα | ὅσος | PRON | P--NNA--- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur|PronType=Rel | 4 βιβλία | conj | medium | Relative/quantitative pronoun, substantivized: ‘whatever books’. |
| 15 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | R-------- | _ | 17 μνήμην | case | high | |
| 16 | πολέμων | πόλεμος | NOUN | N-----MG-- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 17 μνήμην | nmod | high | Genitive dependent on μνήμην. |
| 17 | μνήμην | μνήμη | NOUN | N-----FA-- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 14 ὅσα | obl | high | Accusative complement of the preposition ἐς; ‘for remembrance of wars’. |
| 18 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 22 ἔχει | cc | medium | Coordinates the εἰ-clause with the preceding relative content. |
| 19 | εἰ | εἰ | SCONJ | C-------- | _ | 22 ἔχει | mark | high | |
| 20 | δή | δή | PART | X-------- | _ | 22 ἔχει | advmod | high | Emphatic particle. |
| 21 | τι | τις | PRON | P---NA--- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Ind | 23 διδασκαλίαν | det | medium | Indefinite τι, functioning as an attributive/indefinite modifier with διδασκαλίαν; alternatively object-like ‘anything’. |
| 22 | ἔχει | ἔχω | VERB | V-PAI-3S- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 14 ὅσα | acl | medium | Finite verb in an elliptical relative/conditional clause; subject is the understood book(s), with διδασκαλίαν as object. |
| 23 | διδασκαλίαν | διδασκαλία | NOUN | N-----FA-- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 22 ἔχει | obj | high | |
| 24 | στρατηγημάτων | στρατήγημα | NOUN | N-----GN-- | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 23 διδασκαλίαν | nmod | high | Objective/content genitive: instruction in military stratagems. |
| 25 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 5 φασὶν | punct | high |
καταστήσασθαι δὲ τὸν βίον πάντα ἐθέλων γνώμης τῆς Ἐπαμινώνδου καὶ ἔργων εἶναι τῶν ἐκείνου μίμησιν, οὐ τὰ πάντα ἦν ἐξισωθῆναι δυνατός· Ἐπαμινώνδᾳ γὰρ τά τε ἄλλα ἡ ψυχὴ καὶ μάλιστα πρᾴως εἶχε τὰ ἐς ὀργήν, τῷ δὲ Ἀρκάδι μετῆν γε θυμοῦ.
The sentence contrasts the Arcadian's inability to equal Epaminondas in every respect with Epaminondas' gentleness toward anger and the Arcadian's possession of θυμός; the opening infinitival imitation construction is syntactically somewhat compressed.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | καταστήσασθαι | καθίστημι | VERB | V-2AAN | Mood=Infinitive|Tense=Aorist|Voice=Middle | 15 μίμησιν | acl | medium | Infinitive of intended way of life; syntactically dependent on μίμησιν/εἶναι construction. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 20 ἦν | cc | high | |
| 3 | τὸν | ὁ | DET | T-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 4 βίον | det | high | |
| 4 | βίον | βίος | NOUN | N-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 1 καταστήσασθαι | obj | high | |
| 5 | πάντα | πᾶς | ADJ | A-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 4 βίον | amod | medium | Likely attributive/emphatic: the whole life. |
| 6 | ἐθέλων | ἐθέλω | VERB | V-PAPNSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Mood=Part|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 20 ἦν | advcl | high | |
| 7 | γνώμης | γνώμη | NOUN | N-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 15 μίμησιν | nmod | medium | Genitive dependent on μίμησιν, coordinated with ἔργων. |
| 8 | τῆς | ὁ | DET | T-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 7 γνώμης | det | high | |
| 9 | Ἐπαμινώνδου | Ἐπαμινώνδας | PROPN | N-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 7 γνώμης | nmod | high | |
| 10 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 11 ἔργων | cc | high | |
| 11 | ἔργων | ἔργον | NOUN | N-GPN | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 15 μίμησιν | nmod | medium | Coordinated genitive with γνώμης. |
| 12 | εἶναι | εἰμί | AUX | V-PAN | Mood=Infinitive|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 15 μίμησιν | cop | medium | Infinitival predicate with μίμησιν. |
| 13 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | T-GPN | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 14 ἐκείνου | det | high | |
| 14 | ἐκείνου | ἐκεῖνος | PRON | D-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 11 ἔργων | nmod | high | Genitive possessor/modifier of ἔργων. |
| 15 | μίμησιν | μίμησις | NOUN | N-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 20 ἦν | xcomp | medium | Predicative accusative associated with εἶναι; construction governs preceding infinitive. |
| 16 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 20 ἦν | punct | high | |
| 17 | οὐ | οὐ | PART | PART | Polarity=Neg | 22 δυνατός | advmod | high | |
| 18 | τὰ | ὁ | DET | T-APN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 19 πάντα | det | high | |
| 19 | πάντα | πᾶς | ADJ | A-APN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 21 ἐξισωθῆναι | obj | medium | Substantival accusative: not in every respect. |
| 20 | ἦν | εἰμί | AUX | V-IAI3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Imperfect|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 21 | ἐξισωθῆναι | ἐξισόω | VERB | V-2APN | Mood=Infinitive|Tense=Aorist|Voice=Pass | 22 δυνατός | xcomp | high | Infinitive complement of δυνατός. |
| 22 | δυνατός | δυνατός | ADJ | A-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 20 ἦν | xcomp | high | Predicate adjective with understood subject referring to the Arcadian. |
| 23 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 20 ἦν | punct | high | |
| 24 | Ἐπαμινώνδᾳ | Ἐπαμινώνδας | PROPN | N-DSM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 34 εἶχε | iobj | high | Dative of reference/comparison. |
| 25 | γὰρ | γάρ | PART | PART | _ | 34 εἶχε | advmod | high | Postpositive explanatory particle. |
| 26 | τά | ὁ | DET | T-APN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 28 ἄλλα | det | high | |
| 27 | τε | τε | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 28 ἄλλα | cc | high | Correlative τε ... καί. |
| 28 | ἄλλα | ἄλλος | ADJ | A-APN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 34 εἶχε | obj | medium | Substantival: other matters/aspects. |
| 29 | ἡ | ὁ | DET | T-NSF | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 30 ψυχὴ | det | high | |
| 30 | ψυχὴ | ψυχή | NOUN | N-NSF | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 34 εἶχε | nsubj | high | |
| 31 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 32 μάλιστα | cc | high | Correlates with τε. |
| 32 | μάλιστα | μάλιστα | ADV | ADV-S | Degree=Sup | 33 πρᾴως | advmod | high | |
| 33 | πρᾴως | πρᾶος | ADV | ADV | Degree=Pos | 34 εἶχε | advmod | high | |
| 34 | εἶχε | ἔχω | VERB | V-IAI3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Imperfect|Voice=Act | 20 ἦν | parataxis | medium | Second main clause after explanatory γάρ; εἶχε τὰ ἐς ὀργήν means was disposed gently regarding anger. |
| 35 | τὰ | ὁ | DET | T-APN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 36 ἐς | det | high | |
| 36 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | PREP | _ | 37 ὀργήν | case | high | |
| 37 | ὀργήν | ὀργή | NOUN | N-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 34 εἶχε | obl | high | Prepositional phrase substantivized with τά. |
| 38 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 34 εἶχε | punct | high | |
| 39 | τῷ | ὁ | DET | T-DSM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 41 Ἀρκάδι | det | high | |
| 40 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 42 μετῆν | cc | high | |
| 41 | Ἀρκάδι | Ἀρκάς | PROPN | N-DSM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 42 μετῆν | iobj | high | Dative of comparison/reference; τῷ ... Ἀρκάδι is substantively ‘the Arcadian’. |
| 42 | μετῆν | μέτειμι | VERB | V-IAI3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Imperfect|Voice=Act | 34 εἶχε | conj | high | Coordinated contrast with εἶχε. |
| 43 | γε | γε | PART | PART | _ | 42 μετῆν | advmod | high | Emphatic particle. |
| 44 | θυμοῦ | θυμός | NOUN | N-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 42 μετῆν | obl | high | Genitive with μέτειμι: there was a share/measure of anger. |
| 45 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 20 ἦν | punct | high |