Grammar parses for passage 8.49.4
Open translation for this passage
καταλαβόντος δὲ Κλεομένους Μεγάλην πόλιν, Φιλοποίμην οὔτε τῆς συμφορᾶς ἐξεπλάγη τὸ ἀπροσδόκητον καὶ τῶν ἐν ἡλικίᾳ τὰ δύο μάλιστα μέρη καὶ γυναῖκας καὶ παῖδας ἀπέσωσεν ἐς Μεσσήνην, συμμάχων σφίσιν ἐν τῷ τότε καὶ εὔνων τῶν Μεσσηνίων ὄντων·
Genitive absolute at the opening; Φιλοποίμην is the object of ἀπέσωσεν, with οὔτε coordinating the preceding reaction clause. The phrase τὸ ἀπροσδόκητον is a substantivized adjective, and συμμάχων ... ὄντων is a genitive absolute explaining the Messenians' favorable circumstances.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | καταλαβόντος | καταλαμβάνω | VERB | V-PAP-GSM | Aspect=Imp|Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Mood=Part|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 11 ἐξεπλάγη | advcl | high | Genitive absolute participle. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 11 ἐξεπλάγη | cc | high | |
| 3 | Κλεομένους | Κλεομένης | PROPN | N-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 1 καταλαβόντος | nsubj | high | Genitive subject of the absolute construction. |
| 4 | Μεγάλην | Μεγάλη | PROPN | A-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 5 πόλιν | compound | medium | Toponym; adjective-form name. |
| 5 | πόλιν | πόλις | NOUN | N-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 1 καταλαβόντος | obj | high | |
| 6 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 1 καταλαβόντος | punct | high | |
| 7 | Φιλοποίμην | Φιλοποίμην | PROPN | N-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 26 ἀπέσωσεν | obj | high | Personal name, accusative object of ἀπέσωσεν. |
| 8 | οὔτε | οὔτε | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 11 ἐξεπλάγη | cc | high | Coordinates the negative reaction clause with the rescue clause. |
| 9 | τῆς | ὁ | DET | T-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 10 συμφορᾶς | det | high | |
| 10 | συμφορᾶς | συμφορά | NOUN | N-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 11 ἐξεπλάγη | obl | high | Genitive with ἐκπλήσσομαι. |
| 11 | ἐξεπλάγη | ἐκπλήσσω | VERB | V-API-3S | Aspect=Perf|Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|Voice=Pass | 26 ἀπέσωσεν | conj | high | Passive aorist form; coordinated predicate. |
| 12 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | T-NSN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 13 ἀπροσδόκητον | det | high | |
| 13 | ἀπροσδόκητον | ἀπροσδόκητος | ADJ | A-NSN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 11 ἐξεπλάγη | nsubj | high | Substantivized neuter adjective: the unexpected aspect. |
| 14 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 26 ἀπέσωσεν | cc | high | |
| 15 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | T-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 21 μέρη | det | medium | Article introducing an elided/substantivized group. |
| 16 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | PREP | _ | 17 ἡλικίᾳ | case | high | |
| 17 | ἡλικίᾳ | ἡλικία | NOUN | N-DSF | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 15 τῶν | nmod | medium | Part of the phrase τῶν ἐν ἡλικίᾳ, those of suitable age. |
| 18 | τὰ | ὁ | DET | T-APN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 21 μέρη | det | high | |
| 19 | δύο | δύο | NUM | M-APN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 21 μέρη | nummod | high | |
| 20 | μάλιστα | μάλιστα | ADV | D | Degree=Sup | 21 μέρη | advmod | high | |
| 21 | μέρη | μέρος | NOUN | N-APN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 26 ἀπέσωσεν | obj | high | Object coordinated with γυναῖκας and παῖδας. |
| 22 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 23 γυναῖκας | cc | high | |
| 23 | γυναῖκας | γυνή | NOUN | N-APF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 26 ἀπέσωσεν | obj | high | Coordinated object. |
| 24 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 25 παῖδας | cc | high | |
| 25 | παῖδας | παῖς | NOUN | N-APM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 26 ἀπέσωσεν | obj | high | Coordinated object. |
| 26 | ἀπέσωσεν | ἀποσῴζω | VERB | V-AAI-3S | Aspect=Perf|Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main finite predicate. |
| 27 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | PREP | _ | 28 Μεσσήνην | case | high | |
| 28 | Μεσσήνην | Μεσσήνη | PROPN | N-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 26 ἀπέσωσεν | obl | high | Goal of the rescue. |
| 29 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 26 ἀπέσωσεν | punct | high | |
| 30 | συμμάχων | σύμμαχος | ADJ | A-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 39 ὄντων | xcomp | high | Predicate participle in genitive absolute. |
| 31 | σφίσιν | σφεῖς | PRON | P-D3P | Case=Dat|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs | 30 συμμάχων | obl | medium | Dative of association/reference, for them. |
| 32 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | PREP | _ | 34 τότε | case | high | |
| 33 | τῷ | ὁ | DET | T-DSM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 34 τότε | det | high | |
| 34 | τότε | τότε | ADV | D | _ | 30 συμμάχων | obl | high | Temporal phrase ἐν τῷ τότε. |
| 35 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 36 εὔνων | cc | high | Coordinates predicate adjectives. |
| 36 | εὔνων | εὔνους | ADJ | A-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 39 ὄντων | xcomp | high | Second predicate participial complement in the genitive absolute. |
| 37 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | T-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 38 Μεσσηνίων | det | high | |
| 38 | Μεσσηνίων | Μεσσήνιος | PROPN | N-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 36 εὔνων | obl | high | Genitive complement of εὔνων. |
| 39 | ὄντων | εἰμί | AUX | V-PAP-GPM | Aspect=Imp|Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Mood=Part|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 26 ἀπέσωσεν | advcl | high | Genitive absolute, with συμμάχων and εὔνων as predicates. |
| 40 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 26 ἀπέσωσεν | punct | high |
καὶ---ἦσαν γὰρ τῶν διαπεφευγότων οἷς ὁ Κλεομένης ἐπεκηρυκεύετο μεταγινώσκειν τε ἐπὶ τῷ τολμήματι καὶ πρὸς Μεγαλοπολίτας ἐθέλειν σπένδεσθαι κατιόντας ἐπὶ τὴν ἑαυτῶν ---
Elliptical continuation: ἦσαν governs the genitive διαπεφευγότων, with οἷς as the dative relative argument of ἐπεκηρυκεύετο; the infinitives μεταγινώσκειν and ἐθέλειν are coordinated content/complement infinitives, with σπένδεσθαι complementary to ἐθέλειν. The final κατιόντας is an accusative participle understood with the Megalopolitans/people returning to their homeland; punctuation dashes are editorial.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | Conj | _ | 5 ἦσαν | cc | high | |
| 2 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | _ | 5 ἦσαν | punct | high | Editorial dash. |
| 3 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | _ | 5 ἦσαν | punct | high | Editorial dash. |
| 4 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | _ | 5 ἦσαν | punct | high | Editorial dash. |
| 5 | ἦσαν | εἰμί | AUX | V-IAI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Imperfect|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 6 | γὰρ | γάρ | PART | Part | _ | 5 ἦσαν | discourse | high | Explanatory particle. |
| 7 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | Art-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 8 διαπεφευγότων | det | high | |
| 8 | διαπεφευγότων | διαφεύγω | VERB | V-RAP-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Perfect|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 5 ἦσαν | nsubj | medium | Substantival genitive plural, predicative/partitive with ἦσαν. |
| 9 | οἷς | ὅς | PRON | R-DPM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 12 ἐπεκηρυκεύετο | iobj | medium | Relative dative, likely persons to whom Cleomenes sent a herald/negotiated. |
| 10 | ὁ | ὁ | DET | Art-NMS | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 11 Κλεομένης | det | high | |
| 11 | Κλεομένης | Κλεομένης | PROPN | N-NMS | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 12 ἐπεκηρυκεύετο | nsubj | high | |
| 12 | ἐπεκηρυκεύετο | ἐπικηρυκεύω | VERB | V-IMI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Imperfect|Voice=Mid | 13 μεταγινώσκειν | acl:relcl | medium | Middle form; governs οἷς and introduces the infinitival content. |
| 13 | μεταγινώσκειν | μεταγιγνώσκω | VERB | V-PAN | Mood=Inf|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act | 12 ἐπεκηρυκεύετο | xcomp | high | |
| 14 | τε | τε | CCONJ | Conj | _ | 13 μεταγινώσκειν | cc | high | |
| 15 | ἐπὶ | ἐπί | ADP | Prep | _ | 17 τολμήματι | case | high | |
| 16 | τῷ | ὁ | DET | Art-DSN | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 17 τολμήματι | det | high | |
| 17 | τολμήματι | τόλμημα | NOUN | N-DSN | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 13 μεταγινώσκειν | obl | high | ἐπί with dative: in consequence of the deed. |
| 18 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | Conj | _ | 21 ἐθέλειν | cc | high | |
| 19 | πρὸς | πρός | ADP | Prep | _ | 20 Μεγαλοπολίτας | case | high | |
| 20 | Μεγαλοπολίτας | Μεγαλοπολίτης | PROPN | N-APM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 22 σπένδεσθαι | obl | high | Object of the treaty-making verb. |
| 21 | ἐθέλειν | ἐθέλω | VERB | V-PAN | Mood=Inf|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act | 13 μεταγινώσκειν | conj | high | Coordinated infinitive. |
| 22 | σπένδεσθαι | σπένδω | VERB | V-PMN | Mood=Inf|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Mid | 21 ἐθέλειν | xcomp | high | Middle: make a treaty/offer a truce. |
| 23 | κατιόντας | κάτειμι | VERB | V-PAP-APM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 22 σπένδεσθαι | advcl | low | Accusative participle; syntactic attachment and implied controller are uncertain, likely the Megalopolitans returning. |
| 24 | ἐπὶ | ἐπί | ADP | Prep | _ | 26 ἑαυτῶν | case | high | |
| 25 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | Art-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 26 ἑαυτῶν | det | high | |
| 26 | ἑαυτῶν | ἑαυτοῦ | PRON | PX-G3P | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs|Reflex=Yes | 23 κατιόντας | obl | medium | Possessive reflexive genitive with an omitted feminine noun, e.g. γῆν/χώραν; ἐπί phrase means toward their own [land]. |
| 27 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | _ | 5 ἦσαν | punct | high | Editorial dash. |
| 28 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | _ | 5 ἦσαν | punct | high | Editorial dash. |
| 29 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | _ | 5 ἦσαν | punct | high | Editorial dash. |