Grammar parses for passage 8.49.5
Open translation for this passage
γενομένης δὲ ἐν Σελλασίᾳ πρὸς Κλεομένην τε καὶ Λακεδαιμονίους μάχης, ἣν Ἀχαιοὶ καὶ Ἀρκάδες ἀπὸ τῶν πόλεων πασῶν, σὺν δέ σφισι καὶ Ἀντίγονος ἐμαχέσατο ἄγων ἐκ Μακεδονίας στρατιάν, ἐτέτακτο μὲν τηνικαῦτα ὁ Φιλοποίμην ἐν τοῖς ἱππεῦσιν·
The opening genitive absolute (γενομένης ... μάχης) frames the main clause; ἣν introduces a relative clause whose verb ἐμαχέσατο has coordinated subjects Ἀχαιοὶ, Ἀρκάδες, and Ἀντίγονος.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | γενομένης | γίγνομαι | VERB | V-2AorPtcpGenSgFem | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Mood=Part|Number=Sing|Tense=Aor|Voice=Mid | 10 μάχης | acl | high | Genitive absolute participle. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 1 γενομένης | cc | high | |
| 3 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | PREP | _ | 4 Σελλασίᾳ | case | high | |
| 4 | Σελλασίᾳ | Σελλασία | PROPN | N-3DatSgFem | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 10 μάχης | obl | high | Location of the battle. |
| 5 | πρὸς | πρός | ADP | PREP | _ | 6 Κλεομένην | case | high | |
| 6 | Κλεομένην | Κλεομένης | PROPN | N-3AccSgMasc | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 10 μάχης | obl | high | Opponent introduced by πρός. |
| 7 | τε | τε | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 6 Κλεομένην | cc | high | Correlative coordination with καί. |
| 8 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 9 Λακεδαιμονίους | cc | high | |
| 9 | Λακεδαιμονίους | Λακεδαιμόνιος | PROPN | A-2AccPlMasc | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 6 Κλεομένην | conj | high | Second object of πρός. |
| 10 | μάχης | μάχη | NOUN | N-1GenSgFem | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 32 ἐτέτακτο | obl | high | Subject of the genitive absolute. |
| 11 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 10 μάχης | punct | high | |
| 12 | ἣν | ὅς | PRON | P-RelAccSgFem | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 26 ἐμαχέσατο | obj | high | Relative pronoun referring to μάχην. |
| 13 | Ἀχαιοὶ | Ἀχαιός | PROPN | N-2NomPlMasc | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 26 ἐμαχέσατο | nsubj | high | |
| 14 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 15 Ἀρκάδες | cc | high | |
| 15 | Ἀρκάδες | Ἀρκάς | PROPN | N-3NomPlMasc | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 13 Ἀχαιοὶ | conj | high | |
| 16 | ἀπὸ | ἀπό | ADP | PREP | _ | 18 πόλεων | case | high | |
| 17 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | T-GenPlFem | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 18 πόλεων | det | high | |
| 18 | πόλεων | πόλις | NOUN | N-3GenPlFem | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 13 Ἀχαιοὶ | obl | high | Source/distribution with ἀπό. |
| 19 | πασῶν | πᾶς | ADJ | A-3GenPlFem | Case=Case|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 18 πόλεων | amod | low | Case is genitive; feature value unavailable in standard UD rendering. |
| 20 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 18 πόλεων | punct | high | |
| 21 | σὺν | σύν | ADP | PREP | _ | 23 σφισι | case | high | |
| 22 | δέ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 25 Ἀντίγονος | cc | high | Adversative/continuative connective. |
| 23 | σφισι | σφεῖς | PRON | P-3DatPl | Case=Dat|Number=Plur|Person=3 | 26 ἐμαχέσατο | obl | high | Comitative dative with σύν. |
| 24 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 25 Ἀντίγονος | cc | high | |
| 25 | Ἀντίγονος | Ἀντίγονος | PROPN | N-2NomSgMasc | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 26 ἐμαχέσατο | nsubj | high | Co-subject of ἐμαχέσατο. |
| 26 | ἐμαχέσατο | μάχομαι | VERB | V-1AorInd3Sg | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Mid | 12 ἣν | acl:relcl | high | Finite verb of the relative clause. |
| 27 | ἄγων | ἄγω | VERB | V-1PresActPtcpNomSgMasc | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Mood=Part|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 25 Ἀντίγονος | advcl | high | Circumstantial participle agreeing with Ἀντίγονος. |
| 28 | ἐκ | ἐκ | ADP | PREP | _ | 29 Μακεδονίας | case | high | |
| 29 | Μακεδονίας | Μακεδονία | PROPN | N-1GenSgFem | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 27 ἄγων | obl | high | Source with ἐκ. |
| 30 | στρατιάν | στρατιά | NOUN | N-1AccSgFem | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 27 ἄγων | obj | high | |
| 31 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 26 ἐμαχέσατο | punct | high | |
| 32 | ἐτέτακτο | τάσσω | VERB | V-1PlupInd3SgMid | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pluperf|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 33 | μὲν | μέν | PART | PART | _ | 32 ἐτέτακτο | discourse | high | Correlative μέν; counterpart is supplied by context. |
| 34 | τηνικαῦτα | τηνικαῦτα | ADV | ADV | _ | 32 ἐτέτακτο | advmod | high | Temporal adverb. |
| 35 | ὁ | ὁ | DET | T-NomSgMasc | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 36 Φιλοποίμην | det | high | |
| 36 | Φιλοποίμην | Φιλοποίμην | PROPN | N-1NomSgMasc | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 32 ἐτέτακτο | nsubj | high | Proper name, nominative despite its form. |
| 37 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | PREP | _ | 39 ἱππεῦσιν | case | high | |
| 38 | τοῖς | ὁ | DET | T-DatPlMasc | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 39 ἱππεῦσιν | det | high | |
| 39 | ἱππεῦσιν | ἱππεύς | NOUN | N-3DatPlMasc | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 32 ἐτέτακτο | obl | high | Location/group in which he was stationed. |
| 40 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 32 ἐτέτακτο | punct | high |
ἐπεὶ δὲ ἐν τῷ πεζῷ τοῦ ἔργου τὸ πλεῖστον ἑώρα ληψόμενον τὴν κρίσιν, ὁπλίτης ἑκὼν ἐγένετο,
The participle ληψόμενον is future middle accusative neuter singular, agreeing with τὸ πλεῖστον and functioning predicatively with ἑώρα; τὴν κρίσιν is its object. The finite clause introduced by ἐπεί gives the reason/background for ὁπλίτης ἑκὼν ἐγένετο.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἐπεὶ | ἐπεί | SCONJ | CONJ | _ | 17 ἐγένετο | mark | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 17 ἐγένετο | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | PREP | _ | 5 πεζῷ | case | high | |
| 4 | τῷ | ὁ | DET | T-DSM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 5 πεζῷ | det | high | |
| 5 | πεζῷ | πεζός | NOUN | A-DSM-S | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 10 ἑώρα | obl | medium | Substantivized adjective, ‘the infantry’; locative domain of ἑώρα. |
| 6 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | T-GSN | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 7 ἔργου | det | high | |
| 7 | ἔργου | ἔργον | NOUN | N-GSN | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 5 πεζῷ | nmod | medium | Genitive dependent on πεζῷ; exact semantic relation is somewhat compressed. |
| 8 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | T-ASN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 9 πλεῖστον | det | high | |
| 9 | πλεῖστον | πολύς | ADJ | A-ASN-S | Case=Acc|Degree=Sup|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 10 ἑώρα | obj | medium | Substantivized superlative; object of ἑώρα, with ληψόμενον as predicative participle. |
| 10 | ἑώρα | ὁράω | VERB | V-IAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Imp|Voice=Act | 17 ἐγένετο | advcl | high | Finite verb of the ἐπεί-clause. |
| 11 | ληψόμενον | λαμβάνω | VERB | V-FMI-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Tense=Fut|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Mid | 9 πλεῖστον | xcomp | medium | Future middle participle; agrees with τὸ πλεῖστον and expresses anticipated taking/receiving of the κρίσις. |
| 12 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | T-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 13 κρίσιν | det | high | |
| 13 | κρίσιν | κρίσις | NOUN | N-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 11 ληψόμενον | obj | high | |
| 14 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 17 ἐγένετο | punct | high | |
| 15 | ὁπλίτης | ὁπλίτης | NOUN | N-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 17 ἐγένετο | xcomp | high | Predicate complement with ἐγένετο. |
| 16 | ἑκὼν | ἑκών | ADJ | A-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 17 ἐγένετο | advmod | high | Predicative adjective, ‘willingly/of his own accord’. |
| 17 | ἐγένετο | γίγνομαι | VERB | V-AMI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 18 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 17 ἐγένετο | punct | high |
καὶ αὐτὸν λόγου κινδυνεύοντα ἀξίως τῶν τις ἐναντίων διʼ ἀμφοτέρων ἔπειρε τῶν μηρῶν.
The participle κινδυνεύοντα is accusative masculine singular and agrees with αὐτόν, functioning as a supplementary/predicative participle with the understood object of ἔπειρε; λόγου is a genitive of respect with κινδυνεύοντα. The phrase ἀξίως τῶν ἐναντίων is adverbial, with τις modifying the substantivized ἐναντίων; διʼ ἀμφοτέρων τῶν μηρῶν is the instrument/path phrase. The exact construction of λόγου κινδυνεύοντα is somewhat compressed.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | c-------- | _ | 11 ἔπειρε | cc | high | |
| 2 | αὐτὸν | αὐτός | PRON | p-s---ma- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Prs | 4 κινδυνεύοντα | obj | high | Accusative object, also controlling the participle. |
| 3 | λόγου | λόγος | NOUN | n-s---mg- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 4 κινδυνεύοντα | obl | medium | Genitive of respect or matter with κινδυνεύοντα. |
| 4 | κινδυνεύοντα | κινδυνεύω | VERB | v-sppama- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 11 ἔπειρε | xcomp | medium | Supplementary/predicative participle agreeing with αὐτόν. |
| 5 | ἀξίως | ἀξίως | ADV | d-------- | _ | 11 ἔπειρε | advmod | high | |
| 6 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | l-p---mg- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 8 ἐναντίων | det | high | Article with substantivized ἐναντίων. |
| 7 | τις | τις | PRON | p-s---mn- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Ind | 8 ἐναντίων | det | medium | Indefinite modifier of substantivized ἐναντίων; agreement is formally singular masculine. |
| 8 | ἐναντίων | ἐναντίος | ADJ | a-p---mg- | Case=Gen|Degree=Pos|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 5 ἀξίως | obl | medium | Substantivized genitive plural, likely ‘of opponents/adversaries’; τις is syntactically anomalous or elliptical. |
| 9 | διʼ | διά | ADP | r-------- | _ | 10 ἀμφοτέρων | case | high | Elided form διὰ before vowel. |
| 10 | ἀμφοτέρων | ἀμφότερος | DET | a-p---mg- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Tot | 13 μηρῶν | det | high | Genitive plural agreeing with μηρῶν. |
| 11 | ἔπειρε | πείρω | VERB | v3saia--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Aorist active indicative. |
| 12 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | l-p---mg- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 13 μηρῶν | det | high | |
| 13 | μηρῶν | μηρός | NOUN | n-p---mg- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 11 ἔπειρε | obl | high | Genitive governed by διά. |
| 14 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 11 ἔπειρε | punct | high |