Grammar parses for passage 8.5.1
Open translation for this passage
Λυκούργου δὲ ἀποθανόντος Ἔχεμος ὁ Ἀερόπου τοῦ Κηφέως τοῦ Ἀλέου τὴν Ἀρκάδων ἔσχεν ἀρχήν.
Genitive absolute Λυκούργου ἀποθανόντος sets the temporal circumstance; Ἔχεμος is the subject of ἔσχεν, with a multi-layered appositional/possessive identification (ὁ Ἀερόπου τοῦ Κηφέως τοῦ Ἀλέου).
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Λυκούργου | Λυκοῦργος | PROPN | N--GSM- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 3 ἀποθανόντος | nsubj | high | Subject of the genitive absolute. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 13 ἔσχεν | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | ἀποθανόντος | ἀποθνῄσκω | VERB | V-AAPGSM- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 13 ἔσχεν | advcl | high | Aorist active participle in a genitive absolute. |
| 4 | Ἔχεμος | Ἔχεμος | PROPN | N--NSM- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 13 ἔσχεν | nsubj | high | Main-clause subject. |
| 5 | ὁ | ὁ | DET | P---NSM- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 6 Ἀερόπου | det | high | Article introducing the identifying phrase. |
| 6 | Ἀερόπου | Ἀέροπος | PROPN | N--GSM- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 4 Ἔχεμος | appos | medium | Patronymic genitive, identifying Ἔχεμος as son/descendant of Ἀέροπος; article agreement is structurally irregular or substantivizing. |
| 7 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | P---GSM- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 8 Κηφέως | det | high | Article with the following genealogical name. |
| 8 | Κηφέως | Κηφεύς | PROPN | N--GSM- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 6 Ἀερόπου | nmod | high | Genitive dependent on Ἀερόπου, continuing the genealogy. |
| 9 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | P---GSM- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 10 Ἀλέου | det | high | Article with the final genealogical name. |
| 10 | Ἀλέου | Ἀλέος | PROPN | N--GSM- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 8 Κηφέως | nmod | high | Genitive dependent on Κηφέως, completing the genealogy. |
| 11 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | P---ASF- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 14 ἀρχήν | det | high | Article modifying ἀρχήν. |
| 12 | Ἀρκάδων | Ἀρκάς | PROPN | N--GPM- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 14 ἀρχήν | nmod | high | Possessive/objective genitive: rule of the Arcadians. |
| 13 | ἔσχεν | ἔχω | VERB | V-AAI3S- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main finite verb. |
| 14 | ἀρχήν | ἀρχή | NOUN | N--ASF- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 13 ἔσχεν | obj | high | Accusative object of ἔσχεν. |
| 15 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 13 ἔσχεν | punct | high |
ἐπὶ τούτου Δωριεῖς κατιόντας ἐς Πελοπόννησον ὑπὸ ἡγεμόνι Ὕλλῳ τῷ Ἡρακλέους Ἀχαιοὶ περὶ ἰσθμὸν τὸν Κορινθίων κρατοῦσι μάχῃ,
The sentence has a difficult/possibly corrupt sequence ὑπὸ ἡγεμόνι Ὕλλῳ τῷ Ἡρακλέους: ὑπό normally takes a genitive for agency, while ἡγεμόνι and τῷ are dative; the annotation preserves the token morphology and marks the attachment as uncertain.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἐπὶ | ἐπί | ADP | PREP | _ | 2 τούτου | case | high | Preposition governing τούτου. |
| 2 | τούτου | οὗτος | PRON | PD-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Dem | 17 κρατοῦσι | obl | high | Genitive after ἐπί, temporal or circumstantial. |
| 3 | Δωριεῖς | Δωριεύς | PROPN | NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 4 κατιόντας | nsubj | high | Subject of κατιόντας understood as a participial clause. |
| 4 | κατιόντας | κάτειμι | VERB | V-PAP-AMP | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Mood=Part|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 17 κρατοῦσι | csubj | medium | Accusative participle in an accusative-and-infinitive-like construction; form is active present participle. |
| 5 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | PREP | _ | 6 Πελοπόννησον | case | high | Preposition governing Πελοπόννησον. |
| 6 | Πελοπόννησον | Πελοπόννησος | PROPN | N-AF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 4 κατιόντας | obl | high | Goal of motion with ἐς. |
| 7 | ὑπὸ | ὑπό | ADP | PREP | _ | 8 ἡγεμόνι | case | high | Preposition governing dative ἡγεμόνι. |
| 8 | ἡγεμόνι | ἡγεμών | NOUN | N-DM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 4 κατιόντας | obl | medium | Dative associated with ὑπό; idiomatic sense ‘under the leadership of’. |
| 9 | Ὕλλῳ | Ὕλλος | PROPN | N-DM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 8 ἡγεμόνι | nmod | high | Appositional specification of the leader. |
| 10 | τῷ | ὁ | DET | T-DM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 11 Ἡρακλέους | det | high | Article with Ἡρακλέους in a genitive dependent phrase? Morphologically dative; syntactic attachment uncertain. |
| 11 | Ἡρακλέους | Ἡρακλῆς | PROPN | N-GM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 9 Ὕλλῳ | nmod | low | Form is genitive, but preceding τῷ is morphologically dative and likely corrupt or associated with an omitted/elliptical phrase. |
| 12 | Ἀχαιοὶ | Ἀχαιός | PROPN | NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 17 κρατοῦσι | nsubj | high | Subject of κρατοῦσι. |
| 13 | περὶ | περί | ADP | PREP | _ | 14 ἰσθμὸν | case | high | Preposition governing ἰσθμόν. |
| 14 | ἰσθμὸν | ἰσθμός | NOUN | N-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 17 κρατοῦσι | obl | high | Locative/circumstantial accusative with περί. |
| 15 | τὸν | ὁ | DET | T-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 14 ἰσθμὸν | det | high | Article agreeing with ἰσθμόν. |
| 16 | Κορινθίων | Κορίνθιος | PROPN | N-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 14 ἰσθμὸν | nmod | high | Genitive dependent on ἰσθμόν: ‘the Corinthian isthmus’. |
| 17 | κρατοῦσι | κρατέω | VERB | V-PAI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Finite main verb. |
| 18 | μάχῃ | μάχη | NOUN | N-DF | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 17 κρατοῦσι | obl | high | Dative of means: ‘in battle’. |
| 19 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 17 κρατοῦσι | punct | high | Sentence punctuation. |
καὶ Ἔχεμος ἀποκτίννυσιν Ὕλλον μονομαχήσαντά οἱ κατὰ πρόκλησιν.
Ἔχεμος is the subject; Ὕλλον is the accusative object, with μονομαχήσαντά agreeing with it as a circumstantial participle. οἱ is a dative pronoun, probably referring to Ἔχεμος and marking the opponent relation with μονομαχήσαντα; κατὰ πρόκλησιν is an adverbial phrase meaning by challenge.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | Conj | _ | 3 ἀποκτίννυσιν | cc | high | |
| 2 | Ἔχεμος | Ἔχεμος | PROPN | N--SMN- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 3 ἀποκτίννυσιν | nsubj | high | Personal name. |
| 3 | ἀποκτίννυσιν | ἀποκτείνω | VERB | V-PAI-3S- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 4 | Ὕλλον | Ὕλλος | PROPN | N--SAM- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 3 ἀποκτίννυσιν | obj | high | Personal name. |
| 5 | μονομαχήσαντά | μονομαχέω | VERB | V-AAP-SAM- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 4 Ὕλλον | acl | high | Circumstantial participle agreeing with Ὕλλον. |
| 6 | οἱ | οἱ | PRON | P-----DSM- | Case=Dat|Number=Sing|Person=3 | 5 μονομαχήσαντά | iobj | medium | Dative pronoun; likely the person with whom he fought, though its exact attachment is somewhat uncertain. |
| 7 | κατὰ | κατά | ADP | R------A- | Case=Acc | 8 πρόκλησιν | case | high | |
| 8 | πρόκλησιν | πρόκλησις | NOUN | N--SAA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 5 μονομαχήσαντά | obl | high | Prepositional adverbial phrase. |
| 9 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 3 ἀποκτίννυσιν | punct | high |