Grammar parses for passage 8.5.10
Open translation for this passage
Πολυμήστορι δὲ οὐ γενομένων παίδων παρέλαβεν Αἶχμις τὴν ἀρχήν,
Genitive absolute Πολυμήστορι δὲ οὐ γενομένων παίδων expresses the absence of children for Polymestor; παρέλαβεν is the main verb, with Αἶχμις as subject and τὴν ἀρχήν as object. The dative name is treated as the understood experiencer/possessor in the genitive absolute.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Πολυμήστορι | Πολυμήστωρ | PROPN | N-df3s | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 4 γενομένων | obl | medium | Dative constituent of the genitive absolute, understood as the person concerned by the absence of children. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 6 παρέλαβεν | cc | high | |
| 3 | οὐ | οὐ | PART | D--------- | _ | 4 γενομένων | advmod | high | Negates γενομένων. |
| 4 | γενομένων | γίγνομαι | VERB | V-2ADPMPG- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Mid | 6 παρέλαβεν | advcl | high | Aorist middle genitive participle forming a genitive absolute. |
| 5 | παίδων | παῖς | NOUN | N-2GMP--- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 4 γενομένων | nsubj | high | Genitive-absolutive subject of γενομένων. |
| 6 | παρέλαβεν | παραλαμβάνω | VERB | V-AIA3S-- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 7 | Αἶχμις | Αἶχμις | PROPN | N-NMS--- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 6 παρέλαβεν | nsubj | high | |
| 8 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | P-SF-A--- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 9 ἀρχήν | det | high | |
| 9 | ἀρχήν | ἀρχή | NOUN | N-SFA---- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 6 παρέλαβεν | obj | high | |
| 10 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 6 παρέλαβεν | punct | high |
Βριάκα μὲν παῖς, Πολυμήστορος δὲ ἀδελφιδοῦς· Αἰγινήτου γὰρ ἦν καὶ Βριάκας, νεώτερος δὲ ἦν Πολυμήστορος.
Elliptical nominal clauses: Βριάκα is the subject/predicate identification with παῖς understood as ‘[was] a child/son’; Πολυμήστορος ἀδελφιδοῦς is a second coordinated characterization. The final clause compares him as younger than Polymestor; the exact antecedent of the subject of ἦν/νεώτερος is understood from context.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Βριάκα | Βριάκας | PROPN | N-DSM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 3 παῖς | nmod | medium | Proper name in dative, likely a dative of identification/association with παῖς; textual form is Βριάκα. |
| 2 | μὲν | μέν | PART | G- | _ | 3 παῖς | discourse | high | |
| 3 | παῖς | παῖς | NOUN | N-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 11 ἦν | nsubj | medium | Nominal subject/predicate within an elliptical clause; copula understood. |
| 4 | , | , | PUNCT | Punc | _ | 3 παῖς | punct | high | |
| 5 | Πολυμήστορος | Πολυμήστωρ | PROPN | N-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 7 ἀδελφιδοῦς | nmod | high | |
| 6 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | G- | _ | 7 ἀδελφιδοῦς | cc | high | |
| 7 | ἀδελφιδοῦς | ἀδελφιδοῦς | NOUN | N-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 11 ἦν | conj | medium | Second coordinated nominal characterization; copula is understood. |
| 8 | · | · | PUNCT | Punc | _ | 11 ἦν | punct | high | |
| 9 | Αἰγινήτου | Αἰγίνητος | PROPN | N-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 11 ἦν | nsubj | medium | Subject genitive with ἦν in the idiom ‘was of Aeginetus’; could alternatively be analyzed as a genitive of possession/parentage. |
| 10 | γὰρ | γάρ | SCONJ | G- | _ | 11 ἦν | mark | high | Postpositive explanatory connective. |
| 11 | ἦν | εἰμί | AUX | V-IAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Imperf|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 12 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C- | _ | 13 Βριάκας | cc | high | |
| 13 | Βριάκας | Βριάκας | PROPN | N-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 11 ἦν | nsubj | medium | Coordinated nominative subject/name; the syntax is elliptical or appositional, with Βριάκας likely naming the person described. |
| 14 | , | , | PUNCT | Punc | _ | 13 Βριάκας | punct | high | |
| 15 | νεώτερος | νέος | ADJ | A-NSM-C | Case=Nom|Degree=Cmp|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 17 ἦν | xcomp | high | Predicative comparative adjective with understood subject. |
| 16 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | G- | _ | 17 ἦν | cc | high | |
| 17 | ἦν | εἰμί | AUX | V-IAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Imperf|Voice=Act | 11 ἦν | conj | high | |
| 18 | Πολυμήστορος | Πολυμήστωρ | PROPN | N-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 15 νεώτερος | obl | high | Genitive of comparison with νεώτερος. |
| 19 | . | . | PUNCT | Punc | _ | 11 ἦν | punct | high |
τοῖς δὲ Ἀρκάσιν ὑπῆρχε μὲν ἐς τοὺς Μεσσηνίους εὔνοια ἐξ ἀρχῆς, τότε δὲ καὶ ἐκ τοῦ φανεροῦ πρὸς Λακεδαιμονίους ἐμαχέσαντο μετὰ Ἀριστοδήμου βασιλεύοντος ἐν Μεσσήνῃ.
The first clause has dative experiencer τοῖς Ἀρκάσιν with ὑπῆρχε and subject εὔνοια; the second coordinated clause has implicit subject (the Arcadians), with Ἀριστοδήμου βασιλεύοντος as a genitive absolute. The exact semantic scope of τότε is somewhat context-dependent.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | τοῖς | ὁ | DET | Tpd | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 3 Ἀρκάσιν | det | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 4 ὑπῆρχε | cc | high | |
| 3 | Ἀρκάσιν | Ἀρκάς | PROPN | Ne-Dm | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 4 ὑπῆρχε | obl | high | Dative of reference/experiencer with ὑπῆρχε. |
| 4 | ὑπῆρχε | ὑπάρχω | VERB | V3siia--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Imperfect|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 5 | μὲν | μέν | PART | Df | _ | 4 ὑπῆρχε | discourse | high | |
| 6 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | R-------- | _ | 8 Μεσσηνίους | case | high | |
| 7 | τοὺς | ὁ | DET | T----Acc | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 8 Μεσσηνίους | det | high | |
| 8 | Μεσσηνίους | Μεσσήνιος | PROPN | Ne-p---ma- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 9 εὔνοια | nmod | high | Object of εὔνοια understood as directed goodwill. |
| 9 | εὔνοια | εὔνοια | NOUN | N------Ns | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 4 ὑπῆρχε | nsubj | high | |
| 10 | ἐξ | ἐκ | ADP | R-------- | _ | 11 ἀρχῆς | case | high | |
| 11 | ἀρχῆς | ἀρχή | NOUN | N------Gs | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 4 ὑπῆρχε | obl | high | Temporal/source phrase: from the beginning. |
| 12 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 4 ὑπῆρχε | punct | high | |
| 13 | τότε | τότε | ADV | D-------- | _ | 21 ἐμαχέσαντο | advmod | medium | Temporal adverb modifying the second verbal predicate. |
| 14 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 21 ἐμαχέσαντο | cc | high | |
| 15 | καὶ | καί | ADV | D-------- | _ | 21 ἐμαχέσαντο | advmod | high | Adverbial καί = also/even. |
| 16 | ἐκ | ἐκ | ADP | R-------- | _ | 18 φανεροῦ | case | high | |
| 17 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | T----Gsn | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 18 φανεροῦ | det | high | |
| 18 | φανεροῦ | φανερός | ADJ | A----Gsn | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 21 ἐμαχέσαντο | obl | high | Substantivized adjective: openly, publicly. |
| 19 | πρὸς | πρός | ADP | R-------- | _ | 20 Λακεδαιμονίους | case | high | |
| 20 | Λακεδαιμονίους | Λακεδαιμόνιος | PROPN | Ne-p---ma- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 21 ἐμαχέσαντο | obl | high | Adversarial/directional complement of ἐμαχέσαντο. |
| 21 | ἐμαχέσαντο | μάχομαι | VERB | V3pmai--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Aorist|Voice=Mid | 4 ὑπῆρχε | conj | high | Coordinated predicate; subject is understood as the Arcadians. |
| 22 | μετὰ | μετά | ADP | R-------- | _ | 23 Ἀριστοδήμου | case | high | |
| 23 | Ἀριστοδήμου | Ἀριστόδημος | PROPN | Ne-Gm | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 24 βασιλεύοντος | nmod | high | Genitive within the genitive absolute, not governed by μετά. |
| 24 | βασιλεύοντος | βασιλεύω | VERB | V3spag--- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Present|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 21 ἐμαχέσαντο | advcl | high | Genitive absolute with Ἀριστοδήμου; μετά is syntactically associated with the genitive absolute phrase. |
| 25 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | R-------- | _ | 26 Μεσσήνῃ | case | high | |
| 26 | Μεσσήνῃ | Μεσσήνη | PROPN | Ne-Ld | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 24 βασιλεύοντος | obl | high | Locative complement of βασιλεύοντος. |
| 27 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 4 ὑπῆρχε | punct | high |