Grammar parses for passage 8.50.2
Open translation for this passage
ἡγεῖτο μὲν τοῦ Ἀχαϊκοῦ Φιλοποίμην·
Simple clause with particle μὲν; the genitive article + adjective phrase is attached as a nominal modifier of Φιλοποίμην, though the exact semantic relation is somewhat elliptical.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἡγεῖτο | ἡγέομαι | VERB | V-IMI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Imp|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main verb, imperfect middle deponent. |
| 2 | μὲν | μέν | PART | G-------- | _ | 1 ἡγεῖτο | discourse | high | Correlative particle. |
| 3 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | T-NSM? | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 4 Ἀχαϊκοῦ | det | high | Article agreeing with Ἀχαϊκοῦ. |
| 4 | Ἀχαϊκοῦ | Ἀχαϊκός | ADJ | A-NSM? | Case=Gen|Degree=Pos|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 5 Φιλοποίμην | amod | medium | Probably adjective used substantively or as attributive modifier; genitive singular neuter by article. |
| 5 | Φιλοποίμην | Φιλοποίμην | PROPN | N-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 1 ἡγεῖτο | nsubj | high | Nominative subject. |
| 6 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 1 ἡγεῖτο | punct | high | Punctuation. |
γινομένης δὲ πρὸς Μαντινείᾳ μάχης Λακεδαιμονίων μὲν οἱ ψιλοὶ τοὺς ἀσκεύους τῶν Ἀχαιῶν νικῶσι καὶ φεύγουσιν αὐτοῖς ἐπέκειτο ὁ Μαχανίδας,
The clause begins with a genitive absolute; the main coordination has two finite verbs under ἐπέκειτο, with αὐτοῖς likely functioning as a dative of relation/disadvantage.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | γινομένης | γίγνομαι | VERB | V-PPPMGS- | Aspect=Imp|Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Mid | 5 μάχης | advcl | high | Genitive absolute participle with μάχης. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | PART | _ | _ | 18 ἐπέκειτο | discourse | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | πρὸς | πρός | ADP | _ | _ | 4 Μαντινείᾳ | case | high | Preposition governing dative. |
| 4 | Μαντινείᾳ | Μαντίνεια | PROPN | N-DSF- | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 5 μάχης | obl | high | Object of πρός. |
| 5 | μάχης | μάχη | NOUN | N-GSF- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 1 γινομένης | obl | high | Head of the genitive absolute. |
| 6 | Λακεδαιμονίων | Λακεδαιμόνιος | ADJ | A-GPM- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 9 ψιλοὶ | amod | high | Substantival adjective modifying ψιλοὶ. |
| 7 | μὲν | μέν | PART | _ | _ | 9 ψιλοὶ | discourse | high | Correlative marker. |
| 8 | οἱ | ὁ | DET | RA-NPM- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 9 ψιλοὶ | det | high | Article with ψιλοὶ. |
| 9 | ψιλοὶ | ψιλός | ADJ | A-NPM- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 14 νικῶσι | nsubj | high | Subject of νικῶσι. |
| 10 | τοὺς | ὁ | DET | RA-APM- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 11 ἀσκεύους | det | high | Article with ἀσκεύους. |
| 11 | ἀσκεύους | ἀσκεύος | ADJ | A-APM- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 14 νικῶσι | obj | high | Direct object, substantival adjective. |
| 12 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | RA-GPF- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 13 Ἀχαιῶν | det | high | Article with Ἀχαιῶν. |
| 13 | Ἀχαιῶν | Ἀχαιός | PROPN | N-GPM- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 11 ἀσκεύους | nmod | high | Genitive complement of ἀσκεύους. |
| 14 | νικῶσι | νικάω | VERB | V-PAI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 18 ἐπέκειτο | conj | high | Finite verb coordinated with φεύγουσιν. |
| 15 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 16 φεύγουσιν | cc | high | Coordinator. |
| 16 | φεύγουσιν | φεύγω | VERB | V-PAI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 14 νικῶσι | conj | high | Second verb in coordination. |
| 17 | αὐτοῖς | αὐτός | PRON | RP-DPM- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs | 18 ἐπέκειτο | iobj | medium | Likely dative indirect object or reference; context suggests dative of disadvantage/association. |
| 18 | ἐπέκειτο | ἐπίκειμαι | VERB | V-IMI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Imp|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main verb. |
| 19 | ὁ | ὁ | DET | RA-NMS- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 20 Μαχανίδας | det | high | Article with Μαχανίδας. |
| 20 | Μαχανίδας | Μαχανίδας | PROPN | N-NMS- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 18 ἐπέκειτο | nsubj | high | Subject of ἐπέκειτο. |
| 21 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 18 ἐπέκειτο | punct | high | Punctuation. |
καὶ ἀναχωροῦντι ἀπὸ τῆς διώξεως Μαχανίδᾳ συντυχὼν ἀποκτίννυσιν αὐτόν.
The clause contains two participial circumstantials; Μαχανίδᾳ is most plausibly dative with ἀναχωροῦντι, though the syntax is slightly compressed.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 8 ἀποκτίννυσιν | cc | high | Coordinating conjunction linking this clause to the prior context. |
| 2 | ἀναχωροῦντι | ἀναχωρέω | VERB | PAP-S-DM | Aspect=Imp|Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Mood=Part|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 7 συντυχὼν | advcl | high | Dative participle modifying Μαχανίδᾳ; temporal/causal circumstance. |
| 3 | ἀπὸ | ἀπό | ADP | _ | _ | 5 διώξεως | case | high | Preposition governing the genitive. |
| 4 | τῆς | ὁ | DET | T-GSF | Case=Gen|Definite=Def|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 5 διώξεως | det | high | Definite article. |
| 5 | διώξεως | δίωξις | NOUN | N-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 2 ἀναχωροῦντι | obl | high | Object of ἀπό within the participial phrase. |
| 6 | Μαχανίδᾳ | Μαχανίδας | PROPN | N-P---D | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 2 ἀναχωροῦντι | obl | medium | Dative noun likely governed by the participle ἀναχωροῦντι; proper name. |
| 7 | συντυχὼν | συντυγχάνω | VERB | AAP-SNM | Aspect=Perf|Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 8 ἀποκτίννυσιν | advcl | high | Adverbial participle setting the circumstance for the main verb. |
| 8 | ἀποκτίννυσιν | ἀποκτείνω | VERB | V-3SPI- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main finite verb. |
| 9 | αὐτόν | αὐτός | PRON | P-3SMA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs | 8 ἀποκτίννυσιν | obj | high | Direct object of ἀποκτίννυσιν. |
| 10 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 8 ἀποκτίννυσιν | punct | high | Sentence-final punctuation. |
Λακεδαιμονίοις δὲ ἠτυχηκόσι τῇ μάχῃ περιεγεγόνει μείζων ἢ κατὰ τὸ πταῖσμα εὐτυχία, γεγονόσιν ἐλευθέροις ἀπὸ τοῦ τυράννου.
The sentence is syntactically compressed: εὐτυχία is treated as the main nominal predicate with περιεγεγόνει as copular, while the final participial phrase is attached with some uncertainty.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Λακεδαιμονίοις | Λακεδαιμόνιος | PROPN | N-p---md- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 6 περιεγεγόνει | nsubj | high | Dative plural subject with participial construction. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | PART | G-------- | _ | 6 περιεγεγόνει | discourse | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | ἠτυχηκόσι | ἀτυχέω | VERB | V-ypa---d- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Perf|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 1 Λακεδαιμονίοις | acl | high | Perfect active participle modifying Λακεδαιμονίοις. |
| 4 | τῇ | ὁ | DET | l-s---fd- | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 5 μάχῃ | det | high | Article with μάχῃ. |
| 5 | μάχῃ | μάχη | NOUN | n-s---fd- | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 3 ἠτυχηκόσι | obl | high | Dative of respect/circumstance with ἠτυχηκόσι. |
| 6 | περιεγεγόνει | περιγίγνομαι | VERB | V-lia---3s | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Plup|Voice=Act | 12 εὐτυχία | cop | medium | Likely pluperfect indicative functioning as copular verb with εὐτυχία as predicate nominal. |
| 7 | μείζων | μέγας | ADJ | a-s---fn- | Case=Nom|Degree=Cmp|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 12 εὐτυχία | amod | high | Predicate modifier of εὐτυχία. |
| 8 | ἢ | ἤ | CCONJ | c-------- | _ | 9 κατὰ | cc | high | Comparative conjunction. |
| 9 | κατὰ | κατά | ADP | R-------- | _ | 11 πταῖσμα | case | high | Preposition governing acc. |
| 10 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | l-s---na- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 11 πταῖσμα | det | high | Article with πταῖσμα. |
| 11 | πταῖσμα | πταῖσμα | NOUN | n-s---na- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 12 εὐτυχία | obl | high | Object of comparative κατὰ phrase. |
| 12 | εὐτυχία | εὐτυχία | NOUN | n-s---fn- | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 0 ROOT | root | medium | Main predicate nominal; syntax somewhat compressed with pluperfect copula. |
| 13 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 12 εὐτυχία | punct | high | Comma. |
| 14 | γεγονόσιν | γίγνομαι | VERB | V-ypa---d- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Perf|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 18 τυράννου | acl | medium | Participle modifying implied/additional dative reference; attachment uncertain. |
| 15 | ἐλευθέροις | ἐλεύθερος | ADJ | a-p---md- | Case=Dat|Degree=Pos|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 14 γεγονόσιν | xcomp | medium | Predicative adjective with γεγονόσιν. |
| 16 | ἀπὸ | ἀπό | ADP | R-------- | _ | 18 τυράννου | case | high | Preposition governing gen. |
| 17 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | l-s---gn- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 18 τυράννου | det | high | Article with τυράννου. |
| 18 | τυράννου | τύραννος | NOUN | n-s---mg- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 14 γεγονόσιν | obl | medium | Genitive complement of ἀπό. |
| 19 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 12 εὐτυχία | punct | high | Sentence-ending punctuation. |