Grammar parses for passage 8.50.2
Open translation for this passage
γινομένης δὲ πρὸς Μαντινείᾳ μάχης Λακεδαιμονίων μὲν οἱ ψιλοὶ τοὺς ἀσκεύους τῶν Ἀχαιῶν νικῶσι καὶ φεύγουσιν αὐτοῖς ἐπέκειτο ὁ Μαχανίδας,
Genitive absolute γινομένης ... μάχης sets the circumstance; οἱ ψιλοί is the subject of νικῶσι and φεύγουσιν, while ὁ Μαχανίδας is the subject of ἐπέκειτο with αὐτοῖς as its dative complement. The coordination and attachment of φεύγουσιν is syntactically somewhat compressed.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | γινομένης | γίγνομαι | VERB | V-PAP-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Mood=Part|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|Voice=Mid | 5 μάχης | acl | high | Participle in a genitive absolute with μάχης. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 5 μάχης | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | πρὸς | πρός | ADP | PREP | _ | 4 Μαντινείᾳ | case | high | Introduces the location phrase. |
| 4 | Μαντινείᾳ | Μαντίνεια | PROPN | N-DSF | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 5 μάχης | obl | high | Place name governed by πρός. |
| 5 | μάχης | μάχη | NOUN | N-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 14 νικῶσι | obl | high | Genitive-absolute noun, dependent on the main clause. |
| 6 | Λακεδαιμονίων | Λακεδαιμόνιος | ADJ | A-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 9 ψιλοὶ | nmod | high | Possessive or partitive genitive modifying οἱ ψιλοί. |
| 7 | μὲν | μέν | PART | PART | _ | 9 ψιλοὶ | discourse | high | Correlative particle, with no explicit δέ counterpart. |
| 8 | οἱ | ὁ | DET | T-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 9 ψιλοὶ | det | high | Article substantivizing ψιλοί. |
| 9 | ψιλοὶ | ψιλός | ADJ | A-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 14 νικῶσι | nsubj | high | Substantivized adjective, subject of νικῶσι and coordinated φεύγουσιν. |
| 10 | τοὺς | ὁ | DET | T-APM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 11 ἀσκεύους | det | high | Article with ἀσκεύους. |
| 11 | ἀσκεύους | ἄσκευος | ADJ | A-APM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 14 νικῶσι | obj | high | Substantivized adjective, object of νικῶσι. |
| 12 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | T-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 13 Ἀχαιῶν | det | high | Article with Ἀχαιῶν. |
| 13 | Ἀχαιῶν | Ἀχαιός | PROPN | N-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 11 ἀσκεύους | nmod | high | Genitive specifying the group represented by ἀσκεύους. |
| 14 | νικῶσι | νικάω | VERB | V-PAI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Finite main verb. |
| 15 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 16 φεύγουσιν | cc | high | Coordinates the second finite predicate. |
| 16 | φεύγουσιν | φεύγω | VERB | V-PAI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 14 νικῶσι | conj | high | Coordinated finite verb; subject is understood as οἱ ψιλοί. |
| 17 | αὐτοῖς | αὐτός | PRON | P-DPM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3 | 18 ἐπέκειτο | obl | medium | Dative complement with ἐπέκειτο, likely referring to the fleeing/defeated Achaeans. |
| 18 | ἐπέκειτο | ἐπίκειμαι | VERB | V-IMI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Imp|Voice=Mid | 14 νικῶσι | parataxis | medium | Independent coordinated or parenthetic clause with subject Μαχανίδας; attachment is compressed. |
| 19 | ὁ | ὁ | DET | T-NMS | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 20 Μαχανίδας | det | high | Article with the proper name. |
| 20 | Μαχανίδας | Μαχανίδας | PROPN | N-NMS | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 18 ἐπέκειτο | nsubj | high | Subject of ἐπέκειτο. |
| 21 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 18 ἐπέκειτο | punct | high | Comma punctuation. |
τῇ δὲ φάλαγγι ὁ Φιλοποίμην τῶν πεζῶν τρέπεται τῶν Λακεδαιμονίων τοὺς ὁπλίτας
The dative phrase τῇ φάλαγγι is an instrumental/means adjunct; ὁ Φιλοποίμην is the subject, while τρέπεται is a middle-form verb with an active transitive sense (‘routes/turns back’). τῶν πεζῶν modifies φάλαγγι, and τῶν Λακεδαιμονίων modifies τοὺς ὁπλίτας.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | τῇ | ὁ | DET | T----DSF- | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 3 φάλαγγι | det | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | -------- | _ | 8 τρέπεται | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | φάλαγγι | φάλαγξ | NOUN | N----DSF- | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 8 τρέπεται | obl | high | Dative of means/instrument. |
| 4 | ὁ | ὁ | DET | T----NSM- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 5 Φιλοποίμην | det | high | |
| 5 | Φιλοποίμην | Φιλοποίμην | PROPN | Ne----NSM- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 8 τρέπεται | nsubj | high | Proper name; nominative subject. |
| 6 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | T----GPM- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 7 πεζῶν | det | high | |
| 7 | πεζῶν | πεζός | ADJ | A----GPM- | Case=Gen|Degree=Pos|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 3 φάλαγγι | amod | high | Substantivized adjective, ‘of the infantry’. |
| 8 | τρέπεται | τρέπω | VERB | V3SPIA00 | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | medium | Middle form used transitively; exact voice interpretation is syntactically uncertain. |
| 9 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | T----GPM- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 10 Λακεδαιμονίων | det | high | |
| 10 | Λακεδαιμονίων | Λακεδαιμόνιος | ADJ | A----GPM- | Case=Gen|Degree=Pos|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 12 ὁπλίτας | amod | high | Ethnic adjective used attributively. |
| 11 | τοὺς | ὁ | DET | T----APM- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 12 ὁπλίτας | det | high | |
| 12 | ὁπλίτας | ὁπλίτης | NOUN | N----APM- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 8 τρέπεται | obj | high |
καὶ ἀναχωροῦντι ἀπὸ τῆς διώξεως Μαχανίδᾳ συντυχὼν ἀποκτίννυσιν αὐτόν.
The sentence has an elided third-person subject; ἀναχωροῦντι and Μαχανίδᾳ are dative forms, with the former most naturally a dative participle agreeing with the proper name, while συντυχών is a nominative circumstantial participle referring to the implicit subject of ἀποκτίννυσιν. The exact attachment of the dative phrase is somewhat uncertain.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 8 ἀποκτίννυσιν | cc | high | |
| 2 | ἀναχωροῦντι | ἀναχωρέω | VERB | PAPMSD | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 6 Μαχανίδᾳ | acl | medium | Dative present participle, likely agreeing with Μαχανίδᾳ; syntactic attachment is somewhat uncertain. |
| 3 | ἀπὸ | ἀπό | ADP | PREP | _ | 5 διώξεως | case | high | |
| 4 | τῆς | ὁ | DET | T- GSF | Case=Gen|Definite=Def|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 5 διώξεως | det | high | |
| 5 | διώξεως | δίωξις | NOUN | N-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 2 ἀναχωροῦντι | obl | high | |
| 6 | Μαχανίδᾳ | Μαχανίδας | PROPN | N-DSM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 7 συντυχὼν | obl | medium | Proper name in dative; likely the person encountered while withdrawing. |
| 7 | συντυχὼν | συντυγχάνω | VERB | AAPMSN | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 8 ἀποκτίννυσιν | advcl | high | Circumstantial aorist participle, subject understood as the subject of ἀποκτίννυσιν. |
| 8 | ἀποκτίννυσιν | ἀποκτείνω | VERB | V-PAI-3S | Aspect=Imp|Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 9 | αὐτόν | αὐτός | PRON | P-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Prs | 8 ἀποκτίννυσιν | obj | high | |
| 10 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 8 ἀποκτίννυσιν | punct | high |
Λακεδαιμονίοις δὲ ἠτυχηκόσι τῇ μάχῃ περιεγεγόνει μείζων ἢ κατὰ τὸ πταῖσμα εὐτυχία, γεγονόσιν ἐλευθέροις ἀπὸ τοῦ τυράννου.
The dative participial phrases Λακεδαιμονίοις ἠτυχηκόσι and γεγονόσιν ἐλευθέροις are circumstantial, while περιεγεγόνει takes εὐτυχία as its subject; μείζων ἢ κατὰ τὸ πταῖσμα is a comparative predicate modifier. The participial agreement is somewhat compressed, so confidence is medium for those links.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Λακεδαιμονίοις | Λακεδαιμόνιος | PROPN | A--DPM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 3 ἠτυχηκόσι | obl | high | Dative participant with the circumstantial participle. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C---- | _ | 6 περιεγεγόνει | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | ἠτυχηκόσι | ἀτυχέω | VERB | V-RAP-DPM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Mood=Part|Number=Plur|Tense=Perf|Voice=Act | 6 περιεγεγόνει | advcl | medium | Circumstantial perfect participle, agreeing with Λακεδαιμονίοις. |
| 4 | τῇ | ὁ | DET | L-D-SF | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 5 μάχῃ | det | high | |
| 5 | μάχῃ | μάχη | NOUN | N-D-SF | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 3 ἠτυχηκόσι | obl | high | Dative of respect or circumstance with ἠτυχηκόσι. |
| 6 | περιεγεγόνει | περιγίγνομαι | VERB | V-LAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pluperf|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | medium | Pluperfect form; active-looking morphology belongs to the compound of γίγνομαι. |
| 7 | μείζων | μέγας | ADJ | A-SNMS | Case=Nom|Degree=Cmp|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 12 εὐτυχία | amod | medium | Comparative adjective agreeing with εὐτυχία; form is syncretic. |
| 8 | ἢ | ἤ | SCONJ | C---- | _ | 7 μείζων | advmod | high | Comparative conjunction. |
| 9 | κατὰ | κατά | ADP | R----A- | Case=Acc | 11 πταῖσμα | case | high | |
| 10 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | L-SNA | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 11 πταῖσμα | det | high | |
| 11 | πταῖσμα | πταῖσμα | NOUN | N-SNA | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 7 μείζων | obl | high | Object of κατά in the measure/standard phrase. |
| 12 | εὐτυχία | εὐτυχία | NOUN | N-SNF | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 6 περιεγεγόνει | nsubj | high | Subject of περιεγεγόνει. |
| 13 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 6 περιεγεγόνει | punct | high | |
| 14 | γεγονόσιν | γίγνομαι | VERB | V-RPP-DPM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Mood=Part|Number=Plur|Tense=Perf|Voice=Act | 15 ἐλευθέροις | advcl | medium | Perfect participle, coordinated semantically with the first dative participial phrase. |
| 15 | ἐλευθέροις | ἐλεύθερος | ADJ | A-DPM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 14 γεγονόσιν | xcomp | medium | Predicate adjective with γεγονόσιν, ‘having become free’. |
| 16 | ἀπὸ | ἀπό | ADP | R----G- | Case=Gen | 18 τυράννου | case | high | |
| 17 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | L-SMG | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 18 τυράννου | det | high | |
| 18 | τυράννου | τύραννος | NOUN | N-SMG | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 15 ἐλευθέροις | obl | high | Object of ἀπό, dependent on ἐλευθέροις. |
| 19 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 6 περιεγεγόνει | punct | high |