Grammar parses for passage 8.50.5
Open translation for this passage
ἐπελθὼν δέ σφισιν ἐν νυκτὶ καὶ οὐδαμῶς τὴν ἔφοδον ἐλπίζουσιν εἷλε μὲν πλὴν τῆς ἀκροπόλεως τὸ ἄστυ,
The syntax is straightforward overall; the main difficulty is the participial/temporal framing (ἐπελθὼν, ἐλπίζουσιν) and the exceptive phrase πλὴν τῆς ἀκροπόλεως modifying the object.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἐπελθὼν | ἐπέρχομαι | VERB | VPAAPMS | Aspect=Aor|Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 11 εἷλε | advcl | high | Aorist active participle, circumstantial. |
| 2 | δέ | δέ | PART | _ | _ | 11 εἷλε | discourse | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | σφισιν | σφεῖς | PRON | RP3DP | Case=Dat|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs | 11 εἷλε | iobj | medium | Dative of disadvantage/interest; enclitic form. |
| 4 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | R | _ | 5 νυκτὶ | case | high | Preposition governing dative. |
| 5 | νυκτὶ | νύξ | NOUN | N-DSF | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 1 ἐπελθὼν | obl | high | Temporal oblique. |
| 6 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C | _ | 7 οὐδαμῶς | cc | high | Coordinates with following adverb. |
| 7 | οὐδαμῶς | οὐδαμῶς | ADV | D | _ | 11 εἷλε | advmod | high | Adverb modifying the main verb. |
| 8 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | RA-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 9 ἔφοδον | det | high | Article. |
| 9 | ἔφοδον | ἔφοδος | NOUN | N-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 10 ἐλπίζουσιν | obj | high | Direct object of ἐλπίζουσιν. |
| 10 | ἐλπίζουσιν | ἐλπίζω | VERB | VPAI3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 11 εἷλε | advcl | medium | Present participial clause; syntactically adverbial with implied subject. |
| 11 | εἷλε | αἱρέω | VERB | VAAI3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main verb. |
| 12 | μὲν | μέν | PART | _ | _ | 11 εἷλε | discourse | high | Correlative particle. |
| 13 | πλὴν | πλήν | ADP | R | _ | 17 ἄστυ | case | medium | Usually preposition/adverb meaning 'except'; here governs genitive phrase. |
| 14 | τῆς | ὁ | DET | RA-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 15 ἀκροπόλεως | det | high | Article. |
| 15 | ἀκροπόλεως | ἀκρόπολις | NOUN | N-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 17 ἄστυ | nmod | high | Genitive complement of πλὴν. |
| 16 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | RA-NSN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 17 ἄστυ | det | high | Article. |
| 17 | ἄστυ | ἄστυ | NOUN | N-NSN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 11 εἷλε | obj | high | Object of εἷλε. |
| 18 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 11 εἷλε | punct | high | Punctuation. |
ἀφικομένου δὲ ἐς τὴν ὑστεραίαν στρατιᾷ Φιλοποίμενος ἐξέπεσεν ὑπόσπονδος ἐκ Μεσσήνης.
The opening genitive absolute is loosely linked to the main clause; στρατιᾷ is the most uncertain attachment.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἀφικομένου | ἀφικνέομαι | VERB | V-APM-P--- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Mid | 8 ἐξέπεσεν | advcl | high | Genitive absolute participle with implied subject. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | PART | _ | _ | 8 ἐξέπεσεν | discourse | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | _ | _ | 6 στρατιᾷ | case | high | Preposition governing τὴν ὑστεραίαν. |
| 4 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Acc|Definite=Def|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 5 ὑστεραίαν | det | high | Article modifying ὑστεραίαν. |
| 5 | ὑστεραίαν | ὑστεραῖος | ADJ | A-ASF-S--- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 6 στρατιᾷ | obl | high | Substantival adjective in PP. |
| 6 | στρατιᾷ | στρατιά | NOUN | N-DSF-S--- | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 8 ἐξέπεσεν | obl | medium | Dative noun; syntax somewhat unclear, likely an adverbial dative with the participial clause. |
| 7 | Φιλοποίμενος | Φιλοποίμην | PROPN | N-NSM-S--- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 8 ἐξέπεσεν | nsubj | high | Subject of ἐξέπεσεν. |
| 8 | ἐξέπεσεν | ἐκπίπτω | VERB | V-AAI-3S--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main verb. |
| 9 | ὑπόσπονδος | ὑπόσπονδος | ADJ | A-NSM-S--- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 8 ἐξέπεσεν | xcomp | medium | Predicative complement describing Philopoimenes' state. |
| 10 | ἐκ | ἐκ | ADP | _ | _ | 11 Μεσσήνης | case | high | Preposition governing Μεσσήνης. |
| 11 | Μεσσήνης | Μεσσήνη | PROPN | N-GSF-S--- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 8 ἐξέπεσεν | obl | high | Prepositional oblique of source. |
| 12 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 8 ἐξέπεσεν | punct | high | Sentence-final punctuation. |