Grammar parses for passage 8.50.5
Open translation for this passage
ἐν δὲ Λακεδαίμονι αὖθις ἐπανέστη τύραννος Νάβις, ὃς Πελοποννησίων πρώτοις ἐπέθετο Μεσσηνίοις·
Νάβις is the subject of ἐπανέστη; the relative clause has ὃς as subject and Μεσσηνίοις as the dative object of ἐπέθετο, with πρώτοις agreeing with the genitive Πελοποννησίων as a superlative-like predicate/partitive phrase. The exact semantic force of πρώτοις is somewhat uncertain.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | PREP | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 5 ἐπανέστη | case | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 5 ἐπανέστη | cc | high | |
| 3 | Λακεδαίμονι | Λακεδαίμων | PROPN | N-DFS | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 5 ἐπανέστη | obl | high | |
| 4 | αὖθις | αὖθις | ADV | ADV | _ | 5 ἐπανέστη | advmod | high | |
| 5 | ἐπανέστη | ἐπανίστημι | VERB | V-2AAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 6 | τύραννος | τύραννος | NOUN | N-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 7 Νάβις | appos | high | |
| 7 | Νάβις | Νάβις | PROPN | N-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 5 ἐπανέστη | nsubj | high | |
| 8 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 5 ἐπανέστη | punct | high | |
| 9 | ὃς | ὅς | PRON | P-GNSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 12 ἐπέθετο | nsubj | high | |
| 10 | Πελοποννησίων | Πελοποννήσιος | ADJ | A-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 11 πρώτοις | nmod | high | |
| 11 | πρώτοις | πρῶτος | ADJ | A-DPM | Case=Dat|Degree=Pos|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 12 ἐπέθετο | obl | medium | Dative plural may be substantival or part of an idiomatic construction; syntactic attachment is uncertain. |
| 12 | ἐπέθετο | ἐπιτίθημι | VERB | V-2AMI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Mid | 5 ἐπανέστη | acl:relcl | high | Takes dative Μεσσηνίοις; relative clause modifies Νάβις. |
| 13 | Μεσσηνίοις | Μεσσήνιος | PROPN | N-DPM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 12 ἐπέθετο | iobj | high | |
| 14 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 5 ἐπανέστη | punct | high |
ἐπελθὼν δέ σφισιν ἐν νυκτὶ καὶ οὐδαμῶς τὴν ἔφοδον ἐλπίζουσιν εἷλε μὲν πλὴν τῆς ἀκροπόλεως τὸ ἄστυ,
The participle ἐπελθών is an adverbial circumstantial participle with implied subject (likely the preceding narrative subject); ἐλπίζουσιν is a concessive/temporal participial-clause-like finite verb coordinated in the main predication, with σφισιν as its dative subject/experiencer. εἷλε governs τὸ ἄστυ, while πλὴν τῆς ἀκροπόλεως is an exceptive phrase.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἐπελθὼν | ἐπέρχομαι | VERB | V--PAPNSM- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Mood=Participle|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 11 εἷλε | advcl | high | Circumstantial participle; subject is controlled by the contextual main subject. |
| 2 | δέ | δέ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 11 εἷλε | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | σφισιν | σύ | PRON | P------DP- | Case=Dat|Number=Plur|Person=3 | 10 ἐλπίζουσιν | iobj | medium | Dative experiencer/subject with ἐλπίζουσιν; spelling is the third-person plural dative form. |
| 4 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | R-------- | _ | 5 νυκτὶ | case | high | |
| 5 | νυκτὶ | νύξ | NOUN | N-----FS- | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 1 ἐπελθὼν | obl | high | Temporal adjunct with ἐν. |
| 6 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 1 ἐπελθὼν | cc | high | Coordinates the temporal circumstance with the following circumstance. |
| 7 | οὐδαμῶς | οὐδαμῶς | ADV | D-------- | Polarity=Neg | 10 ἐλπίζουσιν | advmod | high | Negative adverb modifying ἐλπίζουσιν. |
| 8 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | L----ASF- | Case=Acc|Definite=Def|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 9 ἔφοδον | det | high | |
| 9 | ἔφοδον | ἔφοδος | NOUN | N-----AF- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 10 ἐλπίζουσιν | obj | high | Object of ἐλπίζουσιν: they do not expect the attack. |
| 10 | ἐλπίζουσιν | ἐλπίζω | VERB | V-PAI-3P- | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 11 εἷλε | advcl | medium | Finite verb in a subordinate circumstance/contrast-like construction; σφισιν supplies the experiencer. |
| 11 | εἷλε | αἱρέω | VERB | V-AAI-3S- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main finite verb: took/captured. |
| 12 | μὲν | μέν | PART | X-------- | _ | 11 εἷλε | discourse | high | Correlative particle, with no following δέ in this token sequence. |
| 13 | πλὴν | πλήν | ADP | R-------- | _ | 15 ἀκροπόλεως | case | high | Exceptive preposition governing the genitive. |
| 14 | τῆς | ὁ | DET | L----GSF- | Case=Gen|Definite=Def|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 15 ἀκροπόλεως | det | high | |
| 15 | ἀκροπόλεως | ἀκρόπολις | NOUN | N-----GF- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 17 ἄστυ | obl | high | Genitive complement of πλὴν; the acropolis is the exception. |
| 16 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | L----ASN- | Case=Acc|Definite=Def|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 17 ἄστυ | det | high | |
| 17 | ἄστυ | ἄστυ | NOUN | N-----NS- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 11 εἷλε | obj | high | Direct object of εἷλε. |
| 18 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 11 εἷλε | punct | high |
ἀφικομένου δὲ ἐς τὴν ὑστεραίαν στρατιᾷ Φιλοποίμενος ἐξέπεσεν ὑπόσπονδος ἐκ Μεσσήνης.
The opening is a genitive absolute (ἀφικομένου ... Φιλοποίμενος), while ἐς τὴν ὑστεραίαν is a temporal accusative phrase meaning ‘on the following day’; στρατιᾷ is analyzed as a dative of accompaniment.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἀφικομένου | ἀφικνέομαι | VERB | V-PPP-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Perf|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Mid | 8 ἐξέπεσεν | advcl | high | Genitive absolute with δὲ; subject is implicit/understood. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 1 ἀφικομένου | cc | high | Postpositive connective in the genitive absolute. |
| 3 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | PREP | _ | 5 ὑστεραίαν | case | high | Variant form of εἰς governing the accusative. |
| 4 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | T-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 5 ὑστεραίαν | det | high | |
| 5 | ὑστεραίαν | ὑστεραῖος | ADJ | A-ASF | Case=Acc|Degree=Pos|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 1 ἀφικομένου | obl | medium | Substantivized feminine adjective, ‘the following day’; ἐς governs it. |
| 6 | στρατιᾷ | στρατιά | NOUN | N-DSF | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 8 ἐξέπεσεν | obl | medium | Dative of accompaniment/association, ‘with an army’; syntactic interpretation is somewhat uncertain. |
| 7 | Φιλοποίμενος | Φιλοποίμην | PROPN | N-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|NameType=Giv|Number=Sing | 1 ἀφικομένου | nsubj | medium | Genitive subject of the genitive absolute; proper name. |
| 8 | ἐξέπεσεν | ἐκπίπτω | VERB | V-IAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 9 | ὑπόσπονδος | ὑπόσπονδος | ADJ | A-NSM | Case=Nom|Degree=Pos|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 8 ἐξέπεσεν | xcomp | high | Predicative adjective with ἐξέπεσεν, ‘went out under truce’. |
| 10 | ἐκ | ἐκ | ADP | PREP | _ | 11 Μεσσήνης | case | high | |
| 11 | Μεσσήνης | Μεσσήνη | PROPN | N-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|NameType=Geo|Number=Sing | 8 ἐξέπεσεν | obl | high | Place of departure governed by ἐκ. |
| 12 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 8 ἐξέπεσεν | punct | high |