Grammar parses for passage 8.51.3
Open translation for this passage
Λακεδαιμονίων δὲ τηνικαῦτα ἐς ἔμφυλον προηγμένων στάσιν, τριακοσίους μὲν τῆς στάσεως μάλιστα αἰτίους ἐξέβαλεν ἐκ Πελοποννήσου καὶ τῶν εἱλώτων τε ἀπέδοτο ὅσον τρισχιλίους,
Genitive absolute Λακεδαιμονίων ... προηγμένων sets the temporal background. The finite subject is implicit/uncertain (probably the Spartan authority); αἰτίους is predicative object with ἐξέβαλεν, while τῶν εἱλώτων ... ἀπέδοτο is coordinated, with ὅσον τρισχιλίους quantifying the helots released/returned.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Λακεδαιμονίων | Λακεδαιμόνιος | PROPN | A-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 6 προηγμένων | obl | high | Genitive absolute subject. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | G-CC | _ | 15 ἐξέβαλεν | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | τηνικαῦτα | τηνικαῦτα | ADV | D-D | _ | 6 προηγμένων | advmod | high | Temporal adverb. |
| 4 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | P | _ | 7 στάσιν | case | high | Variant form of εἰς. |
| 5 | ἔμφυλον | ἔμφυλος | ADJ | A-ASN | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 7 στάσιν | amod | high | Adjective modifying στάσιν. |
| 6 | προηγμένων | προάγω | VERB | V-RPP-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Perf|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass | 15 ἐξέβαλεν | advcl | medium | Genitive absolute participle; exact aspectual force is context-dependent. |
| 7 | στάσιν | στάσις | NOUN | N-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 6 προηγμένων | obl | high | Accusative complement of προηγμένων. |
| 8 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 15 ἐξέβαλεν | punct | high | |
| 9 | τριακοσίους | τριακόσιοι | NUM | A-APM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|NumType=Card|Number=Plur | 14 αἰτίους | amod | high | Cardinal modifying an implicit/elliptical masculine plural noun, understood persons. |
| 10 | μὲν | μέν | PART | G-PT | _ | 15 ἐξέβαλεν | discourse | high | Correlative particle, paired loosely with τε. |
| 11 | τῆς | ὁ | DET | T-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 12 στάσεως | det | high | |
| 12 | στάσεως | στάσις | NOUN | N-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 14 αἰτίους | obl | high | Genitive of relation with αἴτιος. |
| 13 | μάλιστα | μάλιστα | ADV | D-S | _ | 14 αἰτίους | advmod | high | Superlative adverb modifying αἰτίους. |
| 14 | αἰτίους | αἴτιος | ADJ | A-APM | Case=Acc|Degree=Pos|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 15 ἐξέβαλεν | obj | high | Predicative/object complement: those chiefly responsible. |
| 15 | ἐξέβαλεν | ἐκβάλλω | VERB | V-AAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | medium | Finite predicate; subject is unexpressed and the following verb is coordinated. |
| 16 | ἐκ | ἐκ | ADP | P | _ | 17 Πελοποννήσου | case | high | |
| 17 | Πελοποννήσου | Πελοπόννησος | PROPN | N-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 15 ἐξέβαλεν | obl | high | Source/place complement of ἐξέβαλεν. |
| 18 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | G-CC | _ | 22 ἀπέδοτο | cc | high | Coordinates the second predicate. |
| 19 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | T-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 20 εἱλώτων | det | high | |
| 20 | εἱλώτων | εἵλωτες | NOUN | N-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 22 ἀπέδοτο | obj | high | Genitive plural object of ἀπέδοτο; lexical form is εἵλωτες. |
| 21 | τε | τε | PART | G-PT | _ | 22 ἀπέδοτο | discourse | medium | Enclitic connective; coordination is somewhat loose. |
| 22 | ἀπέδοτο | ἀποδίδωμι | VERB | V-AMI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Mid | 15 ἐξέβαλεν | conj | high | Coordinated finite predicate; middle voice. |
| 23 | ὅσον | ὅσος | ADJ | A-ASN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Rel | 24 τρισχιλίους | advmod | medium | Quantifying expression, approximately 'as many as'; morphosyntactically adverbial. |
| 24 | τρισχιλίους | τρισχίλιοι | NUM | A-APM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|NumType=Card|Number=Plur | 22 ἀπέδοτο | obj | high | Accusative quantified complement, with εἵλωτας understood. |
| 25 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 22 ἀπέδοτο | punct | high |
τείχη δὲ περιεῖλε τῆς Σπάρτης καὶ τοῖς ἐφήβοις προεῖπε μὴ τὰ ἐκ τῶν νόμων τῶν Λυκούργου μελετᾶν, ἐφήβοις δὲ τοῖς Ἀχαιῶν κατὰ ταὐτὰ ἀσκεῖσθαι.
The sentence has coordinated predicates περιεῖλε and προεῖπε; the second infinitival clause is an elliptical parallel construction, with ἐφήβοις τοῖς Ἀχαιῶν understood as the dative subject/addressee of ἀσκεῖσθαι. The form προεῖπε is parsed as aorist active indicative, though contextual tense interpretation may vary.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | τείχη | τεῖχος | NOUN | N--APN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 3 περιεῖλε | obj | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 3 περιεῖλε | cc | high | |
| 3 | περιεῖλε | περιαιρέω | VERB | V-AAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 4 | τῆς | ὁ | DET | T-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 5 Σπάρτης | det | high | |
| 5 | Σπάρτης | Σπάρτη | PROPN | Ne---GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 3 περιεῖλε | nmod | high | |
| 6 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 9 προεῖπε | cc | high | |
| 7 | τοῖς | ὁ | DET | T-DPM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 8 ἐφήβοις | det | high | |
| 8 | ἐφήβοις | ἔφηβος | NOUN | N-DPM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 9 προεῖπε | iobj | high | Dative of the persons addressed. |
| 9 | προεῖπε | προεῖπον | VERB | V-AAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 3 περιεῖλε | conj | medium | Aorist form of προεῖπον; governs μή plus infinitive. |
| 10 | μὴ | μή | PART | Ti | Polarity=Neg | 17 μελετᾶν | advmod | high | |
| 11 | τὰ | ὁ | DET | T-APN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 17 μελετᾶν | obj | medium | Article substantivizes or accompanies an omitted neuter object; syntactically attached to the infinitive. |
| 12 | ἐκ | ἐκ | ADP | R-------- | _ | 14 νόμων | case | high | |
| 13 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | T-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 14 νόμων | det | high | |
| 14 | νόμων | νόμος | NOUN | N-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 11 τὰ | nmod | high | With ἐκ τῶν νόμων, modifying the substantival τὰ. |
| 15 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | T-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 16 Λυκούργου | det | high | |
| 16 | Λυκούργου | Λυκοῦργος | PROPN | Ne---GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 14 νόμων | nmod | high | Possessive/authorial genitive modifying νόμων. |
| 17 | μελετᾶν | μελετάω | VERB | V-PAN | Mood=Inf|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 9 προεῖπε | xcomp | high | Infinitive governed by προεῖπε. |
| 18 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 9 προεῖπε | punct | high | |
| 19 | ἐφήβοις | ἔφηβος | NOUN | N-DPM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 25 ἀσκεῖσθαι | iobj | medium | Elliptical parallel dative; understood as the persons for whom/to whom the exercise is prescribed. |
| 20 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 25 ἀσκεῖσθαι | cc | high | |
| 21 | τοῖς | ὁ | DET | T-DPM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 22 Ἀχαιῶν | det | high | |
| 22 | Ἀχαιῶν | Ἀχαιός | PROPN | Ne---GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 19 ἐφήβοις | nmod | high | Ethnic name in the genitive, dependent on ἐφήβοις. |
| 23 | κατὰ | κατά | ADP | R-------- | _ | 24 ταὐτὰ | case | high | |
| 24 | ταὐτὰ | ὁ αὐτός | PRON | P-APNA | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 25 ἀσκεῖσθαι | advmod | high | Crasi form ταὐτά, meaning ‘the same things/likewise’. |
| 25 | ἀσκεῖσθαι | ἀσκέω | VERB | V-PMN | Mood=Inf|Tense=Pres|Voice=Mid | 9 προεῖπε | xcomp | high | Infinitive coordinated elliptically with μελετᾶν under προεῖπε. |
| 26 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 3 περιεῖλε | punct | high |
καὶ τοῖς μὲν ὕστερον ἀποδώσειν ἔμελλον Ῥωμαῖοι παιδείαν τὴν ἐπιχώριον·
The construction has ἔμελλον with a complementary future infinitive ἀποδώσειν; τοῖς μέν is a dative plural substantival/elliptical recipient, while τὴν ἐπιχώριον παιδείαν is the infinitive’s object. The temporal ὕστερον is syntactically ambiguous but most naturally modifies the future act of giving back.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 6 ἔμελλον | cc | high | |
| 2 | τοῖς | ὁ | DET | T----DPM- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 5 ἀποδώσειν | iobj | medium | Substantival dative article, with the noun understood. |
| 3 | μὲν | μέν | PART | _ | _ | 2 τοῖς | discourse | high | Correlative μέν; corresponding δέ is outside this sentence. |
| 4 | ὕστερον | ὕστερον | ADV | D-------- | _ | 5 ἀποδώσειν | advmod | medium | Adverbial accusative; temporal scope may be over the infinitival event or the finite clause. |
| 5 | ἀποδώσειν | ἀποδίδωμι | VERB | V--FAN---- | Mood=Inf|Tense=Fut|Voice=Act | 6 ἔμελλον | xcomp | high | Complementary future infinitive with ἔμελλον. |
| 6 | ἔμελλον | μέλλω | VERB | V--IAI3P- | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Imp|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 7 | Ῥωμαῖοι | Ῥωμαῖος | PROPN | N--NPMP-- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 6 ἔμελλον | nsubj | high | Ethnic name used substantivally as the subject. |
| 8 | παιδείαν | παιδεία | NOUN | N--ASFS-- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 5 ἀποδώσειν | obj | high | |
| 9 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | T----ASF- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 8 παιδείαν | det | high | |
| 10 | ἐπιχώριον | ἐπιχώριος | ADJ | A--ASF---- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 8 παιδείαν | amod | high | |
| 11 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 6 ἔμελλον | punct | high |