Pausanias Analysis - Grammar 8.51.3

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Passage 8.51.3

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3sentences parsed

62Greek tokens

2,312input tokens

4,596output tokens

Sentence 1

8.51.3 sentence 1

Tokens: 25
Input: 815
Output: 1,820
Total: 2,635

Λακεδαιμονίων δὲ τηνικαῦτα ἐς ἔμφυλον προηγμένων στάσιν, τριακοσίους μὲν τῆς στάσεως μάλιστα αἰτίους ἐξέβαλεν ἐκ Πελοποννήσου καὶ τῶν εἱλώτων τε ἀπέδοτο ὅσον τρισχιλίους,

The syntax is centered on a genitive absolute at the beginning and two coordinated main verbs; the second clause has a somewhat unclear genitive phrase with εἱλώτων and a quantity expression ὅσον τρισχιλίους.

#	Form	Lemma	UPOS	XPOS	Features	Head	DepRel	Conf.	Note
1	Λακεδαιμονίων	Λακεδαιμόνιος	PROPN	N-----GPM-	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	6 προηγμένων	nsubj	high	Genitive absolute subject.
2	δὲ	δέ	PART	G--------	_	15 ἐξέβαλεν	discourse	high	Postpositive connective.
3	τηνικαῦτα	τηνικαῦτα	ADV	D--------	_	15 ἐξέβαλεν	advmod	high	Temporal adverb.
4	ἐς	εἰς	ADP	R--------	_	7 στάσιν	case	high	Preposition governing στάσιν.
5	ἔμφυλον	ἔμφυλος	ADJ	A-3MSA---	Case=Acc\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	7 στάσιν	amod	high	Modifies στάσιν.
6	προηγμένων	προήγομαι	VERB	V-RPPMGP-	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur\|Tense=Perf\|VerbForm=Part\|Voice=Mid	1 Λακεδαιμονίων	advcl	medium	Participle in genitive absolute; exact lexical lemma uncertain but likely middle/passive perfect participle.
7	στάσιν	στάσις	NOUN	N-ASF---	Case=Acc\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	15 ἐξέβαλεν	obj	high	Object of ἐς.
8	,	,	PUNCT	_	_	15 ἐξέβαλεν	punct	high	Comma.
9	τριακοσίους	τριακόσιοι	NUM	Ni----APM-	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	15 ἐξέβαλεν	obj	high	Object of ἐξέβαλεν.
10	μὲν	μέν	PART	G--------	_	9 τριακοσίους	discourse	high	Correlative particle.
11	τῆς	ὁ	DET	L?FSG---	Case=Gen\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing\|PronType=Art	12 στάσεως	det	high	Article modifying στάσεως.
12	στάσεως	στάσις	NOUN	N-GSF---	Case=Gen\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	14 αἰτίους	nmod	high	Genitive complement of αἰτίους.
13	μάλιστα	μάλιστα	ADV	D--------	_	14 αἰτίους	advmod	high	Degree adverb.
14	αἰτίους	αἴτιος	ADJ	A-APM---	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	9 τριακοσίους	amod	high	Predicate/adjectival modifier of τριακοσίους.
15	ἐξέβαλεν	ἐκβάλλω	VERB	V-AAI-3S-	Mood=Ind\|Number=Sing\|Person=3\|Tense=Aor\|VerbForm=Fin\|Voice=Act	0 ROOT	root	high	Main verb.
16	ἐκ	ἐκ	ADP	R--------	_	17 Πελοποννήσου	case	high	Preposition.
17	Πελοποννήσου	Πελοπόννησος	PROPN	N-DSF---	Case=Gen\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	15 ἐξέβαλεν	obl	high	Source/location complement with ἐκ.
18	καὶ	καί	CCONJ	C--------	_	22 ἀπέδοτο	cc	high	Coordinator.
19	τῶν	ὁ	DET	L?NPG---	Case=Gen\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Plur\|PronType=Art	20 εἱλώτων	det	high	Article modifying εἱλώτων.
20	εἱλώτων	εἵλωτης	NOUN	N-PM---	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	22 ἀπέδοτο	obj	medium	Likely genitive object of ἀπέδοτο; form/lemma somewhat uncertain.
21	τε	τε	PART	G--------	_	22 ἀπέδοτο	discourse	high	Enclitic connective.
22	ἀπέδοτο	ἀποδίδωμι	VERB	V-AMI-3S-	Mood=Ind\|Number=Sing\|Person=3\|Tense=Aor\|VerbForm=Fin\|Voice=Mid	15 ἐξέβαλεν	conj	high	Coordinated verb.
23	ὅσον	ὅσος	ADJ	A-ASM-S---	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	24 τρισχιλίους	advmod	medium	Likely adverbial accusative modifying quantity; could alternatively be analyzed differently.
24	τρισχιλίους	τρισχίλιοι	NUM	Ni----APM-	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	22 ἀπέδοτο	obj	high	Object/quantity complement of ἀπέδοτο.
25	,	,	PUNCT	_	_	15 ἐξέβαλεν	punct	high	Comma.

Sentence 2

8.51.3 sentence 2

Tokens: 26
Input: 819
Output: 1,937
Total: 2,756

τείχη δὲ περιεῖλε τῆς Σπάρτης καὶ τοῖς ἐφήβοις προεῖπε μὴ τὰ ἐκ τῶν νόμων τῶν Λυκούργου μελετᾶν, ἐφήβοις δὲ τοῖς Ἀχαιῶν κατὰ ταὐτὰ ἀσκεῖσθαι.

The syntax shifts from a finite verb with an infinitival prohibition to a second dative-linked infinitive phrase; ἐφήβοις in the last clause is best taken as the dative frame for the infinitive rather than a finite verb argument.

#	Form	Lemma	UPOS	XPOS	Features	Head	DepRel	Conf.	Note
1	τείχη	τεῖχος	NOUN	N-APN	Case=Acc\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Plur	3 περιεῖλε	obj	high	Direct object of περιεῖλε.
2	δὲ	δέ	PART	PART	_	3 περιεῖλε	discourse	high	Postpositive connective.
3	περιεῖλε	περιαιρέω	VERB	V-3SAAI	Mood=Ind\|Number=Sing\|Person=3\|Tense=Aor\|Voice=Act	0 ROOT	root	high	Main verb of the first clause.
4	τῆς	ὁ	DET	L-SF	Case=Gen\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing\|PronType=Art	5 Σπάρτης	det	high	Article modifying Σπάρτης.
5	Σπάρτης	Σπάρτη	PROPN	N-SF	Case=Gen\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	1 τείχη	nmod	high	Genitive dependent of τείχη, expressing relation/location.
6	καὶ	καί	CCONJ	CONJ	_	9 προεῖπε	cc	high	Coordinates the two main predicates.
7	τοῖς	ὁ	DET	L-DPM	Case=Dat\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur\|PronType=Art	8 ἐφήβοις	det	high	Article modifying ἐφήβοις.
8	ἐφήβοις	ἔφηβος	NOUN	N-DPM	Case=Dat\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	9 προεῖπε	iobj	high	Dative recipient/addressee of προεῖπε.
9	προεῖπε	προλέγω	VERB	V-3SAAI	Mood=Ind\|Number=Sing\|Person=3\|Tense=Aor\|Voice=Act	3 περιεῖλε	conj	high	Second coordinated finite verb.
10	μὴ	μή	PART	PRT-N	_	17 μελετᾶν	advmod	high	Negates the infinitive phrase.
11	τὰ	ὁ	DET	L-APN	Case=Acc\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Plur\|PronType=Art	17 μελετᾶν	obj	medium	Article functioning substantively with implied neuter object.
12	ἐκ	ἐκ	ADP	PREP	_	14 νόμων	case	high	Preposition governing the genitive.
13	τῶν	ὁ	DET	L-GPN	Case=Gen\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Plur\|PronType=Art	14 νόμων	det	high	Article modifying νόμων.
14	νόμων	νόμος	NOUN	N-GPM	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	11 τὰ	nmod	high	Object of ἐκ.
15	τῶν	ὁ	DET	L-GPM	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur\|PronType=Art	16 Λυκούργου	det	high	Article modifying Λυκούργου.
16	Λυκούργου	Λυκοῦργος	PROPN	N-SM	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	14 νόμων	nmod	high	Genitive dependent specifying νόμων.
17	μελετᾶν	μελετάω	VERB	V-PAN	Tense=Pres\|VerbForm=Inf\|Voice=Act	9 προεῖπε	ccomp	high	Infinitival complement of προεῖπε, with μή and object τὰ ἐκ τῶν νόμων... .
18	,	,	PUNCT	_	_	9 προεῖπε	punct	high	Comma punctuation.
19	ἐφήβοις	ἔφηβος	NOUN	N-DPM	Case=Dat\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	25 ἀσκεῖσθαι	iobj	medium	Dative with infinitive; likely dative of reference/advantage.
20	δὲ	δέ	PART	PART	_	25 ἀσκεῖσθαι	discourse	high	Postpositive connective.
21	τοῖς	ὁ	DET	L-DPM	Case=Dat\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur\|PronType=Art	22 Ἀχαιῶν	det	high	Article modifying Ἀχαιῶν.
22	Ἀχαιῶν	Ἀχαιός	PROPN	N-GPM	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	19 ἐφήβοις	nmod	high	Genitive partitive/ethnic modifier after dative ἐφήβοις, as in 'the Achaeans' youths'.
23	κατὰ	κατά	ADP	PREP	_	24 ταὐτὰ	case	high	Preposition in adverbial phrase.
24	ταὐτὰ	αὐτός	ADJ	A-APN	Case=Acc\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Plur	25 ἀσκεῖσθαι	obl	medium	Adverbial accusative with κατά, 'in the same way'.
25	ἀσκεῖσθαι	ἀσκέω	VERB	V-PMN	Tense=Pres\|VerbForm=Inf\|Voice=Mid	19 ἐφήβοις	xcomp	high	Infinitival predicate dependent on ἐφήβοις; coordinated in sense with prior infinitive.
26	.	.	PUNCT	_	_	3 περιεῖλε	punct	high	Sentence-final punctuation.

Sentence 3

8.51.3 sentence 3

Tokens: 11
Input: 678
Output: 839
Total: 1,517

καὶ τοῖς μὲν ὕστερον ἀποδώσειν ἔμελλον Ῥωμαῖοι παιδείαν τὴν ἐπιχώριον·

The clause is centered on ἔμελλον with complementary future infinitive ἀποδώσειν; τοῖς μὲν is syntactically awkward and likely sets up a correlative contrast not present in the tokenized sentence.

#	Form	Lemma	UPOS	XPOS	Features	Head	DepRel	Conf.	Note
1	καὶ	καί	CCONJ	CONJ	_	6 ἔμελλον	cc	high	Coordinating conjunction introducing the clause
2	τοῖς	ὁ	DET	L-APM	Case=Dat\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	5 ἀποδώσειν	iobj	medium	Likely dative recipient/indirect object of ἀποδώσειν; article used substantively
3	μὲν	μέν	PART	G--------	_	2 τοῖς	discourse	high	Postpositive particle correlating with a following δέ omitted here
4	ὕστερον	ὕστερον	ADV	D--------	_	5 ἀποδώσειν	advmod	high	Adverb modifying infinitive
5	ἀποδώσειν	ἀποδίδωμι	VERB	V--AN----	Tense=Fut\|VerbForm=Inf\|Voice=Act	6 ἔμελλον	xcomp	high	Complementary infinitive with ἔμελλον
6	ἔμελλον	μέλλω	VERB	V-3PIA---	Mood=Ind\|Number=Plur\|Person=3\|Tense=Imp\|Voice=Act	0 ROOT	root	high	Main verb
7	Ῥωμαῖοι	Ῥωμαῖος	PROPN	A--PMN---	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	6 ἔμελλον	nsubj	high	Subject of ἔμελλον
8	παιδείαν	παιδεία	NOUN	N-ASF----	Case=Acc\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	5 ἀποδώσειν	obj	high	Object of ἀποδώσειν
9	τὴν	ὁ	DET	L-ASF	Case=Acc\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	10 ἐπιχώριον	det	high	Article modifying ἐπιχώριον
10	ἐπιχώριον	ἐπιχώριος	ADJ	A-ASF	Case=Acc\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	8 παιδείαν	amod	high	Attributive adjective modifying παιδείαν
11	·	·	PUNCT	_	_	6 ἔμελλον	punct	high	Greek middle dot punctuation

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