Grammar parses for passage 8.51.5
Open translation for this passage
ἔμελλε δʼ ἄρα ὑπεροψίας δίκη περιήξειν καὶ Φιλοποίμενα.
The impersonal μέλλω construction takes the infinitive περιήξειν; δίκη is the subject of the future action, with ὑπεροψίας as a genitive modifier and Φιλοποίμενα as the accusative person affected by the judicial retribution. The exact force of περιήξειν is somewhat context-dependent.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἔμελλε | μέλλω | VERB | V-IAI-3S | Mood=Indicative|Number=Singular|Person=3|Tense=Imperfect|Voice=Active | 6 περιήξειν | aux | high | Impersonal μέλλω governs the infinitive. |
| 2 | δʼ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 1 ἔμελλε | cc | high | Postpositive connective particle. |
| 3 | ἄρα | ἄρα | PART | PART | _ | 1 ἔμελλε | advmod | high | Inferential particle. |
| 4 | ὑπεροψίας | ὑπεροψία | NOUN | N-GSF | Case=Genitive|Gender=Feminine|Number=Singular | 5 δίκη | nmod | high | Genitive dependent on δίκη, specifying the offense or kind of retribution. |
| 5 | δίκη | δίκη | NOUN | N-NSF | Case=Nominative|Gender=Feminine|Number=Singular | 6 περιήξειν | nsubj | high | Subject of the infinitive περιήξειν. |
| 6 | περιήξειν | περιήκω | VERB | V-FAI | Mood=Infinitive|Tense=Future|Voice=Active | 0 ROOT | root | medium | Future infinitive governed by ἔμελλε; lexical nuance may be ‘come upon’ or ‘reach’. |
| 7 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 8 Φιλοποίμενα | cc | high | Coordinates the following accusative with the preceding object understood in the infinitive. |
| 8 | Φιλοποίμενα | Φιλοποίμην | PROPN | N-ASM | Case=Accusative|Gender=Masculine|Number=Singular | 6 περιήξειν | obj | medium | Accusative personal object of περιήξειν; proper-name lemma normalized to nominative. |
| 9 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 6 περιήξειν | punct | high |
ὡς γὰρ δὴ τῶν Ἀχαιῶν ὄγδοον ἀπεδείχθη τότε ἡγεμών, ἀνδρὶ οὐ τῶν ἀδόξων ὠνείδισεν ἁλῶναι ζῶντα ὑπὸ τῶν πολεμίων αὐτόν·
The main clause is ἀνδρὶ ... ὠνείδισεν ἁλῶναι ...: ‘he reproached a man ... for being captured alive by the enemy’; the initial ὡς-clause explains the man’s status as the eighth Achaean leader.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ὡς | ὡς | SCONJ | CONJ | _ | 7 ἀπεδείχθη | mark | medium | Introduces the causal/explanatory subordinate clause; could be analyzed adverbially. |
| 2 | γὰρ | γάρ | PART | PART | _ | 7 ἀπεδείχθη | discourse | high | |
| 3 | δὴ | δή | PART | PART | _ | 7 ἀπεδείχθη | discourse | high | |
| 4 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | T--GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 5 Ἀχαιῶν | det | high | |
| 5 | Ἀχαιῶν | Ἀχαιός | PROPN | A--GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 6 ὄγδοον | nmod | high | Genitive partitive with ὄγδοον. |
| 6 | ὄγδοον | ὄγδοος | ADJ | A--ASM | Case=Acc|Degree=Pos|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 7 ἀπεδείχθη | obj | medium | Substantivized ordinal, accusative masculine singular: ‘the eighth’; functions as a predicative/object-like complement of ἀπεδείχθη. |
| 7 | ἀπεδείχθη | ἀποδείκνυμι | VERB | V-API-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Pass | 15 ὠνείδισεν | advcl | medium | Aorist passive ‘was appointed/proved’; subordinate to the following main verb. |
| 8 | τότε | τότε | ADV | ADV | _ | 7 ἀπεδείχθη | advmod | high | |
| 9 | ἡγεμών | ἡγεμών | NOUN | N--NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 7 ἀπεδείχθη | xcomp | medium | Predicative noun, nominative by attraction/agreement with the passive subject implied by ὄγδοον. |
| 10 | , | , | PUNCT | PUNCT | _ | 15 ὠνείδισεν | punct | high | |
| 11 | ἀνδρὶ | ἀνήρ | NOUN | N--DSM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 15 ὠνείδισεν | iobj | medium | Dative of person affected/interest with ὠνείδισεν. |
| 12 | οὐ | οὐ | PART | PART | _ | 15 ὠνείδισεν | advmod | high | |
| 13 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | T--GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 14 ἀδόξων | det | high | |
| 14 | ἀδόξων | ἄδοξος | ADJ | A--GPM | Case=Gen|Degree=Pos|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 11 ἀνδρὶ | nmod | high | Substantivized adjective, genitive plural, dependent on ἀνδρί: ‘a man not without reputation’. |
| 15 | ὠνείδισεν | ὀνειδίζω | VERB | V-AAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 16 | ἁλῶναι | ἁλίσκομαι | VERB | V-2APN | Mood=Inf|Tense=Aor|Voice=Pass | 15 ὠνείδισεν | xcomp | high | Aorist passive infinitive, complementary to ὠνείδισεν: ‘to be captured’. |
| 17 | ζῶντα | ζάω | VERB | V-PAP-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Mood=Part|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 16 ἁλῶναι | advcl | high | Predicative participle modifying the understood accusative subject of ἁλῶναι: ‘while alive’. |
| 18 | ὑπὸ | ὑπό | ADP | P-GEN | _ | 20 πολεμίων | case | high | |
| 19 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | T--GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 20 πολεμίων | det | high | |
| 20 | πολεμίων | πολέμιος | ADJ | A--GPM | Case=Gen|Degree=Pos|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 16 ἁλῶναι | obl:agent | high | Substantivized adjective with ὑπό; agent of the passive infinitive. |
| 21 | αὐτόν | αὐτός | PRON | P--ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Prs | 16 ἁλῶναι | obj | medium | Accusative subject of the infinitive ἁλῶναι; reflexive reference to the man. |
| 22 | · | · | PUNCT | PUNCT | _ | 15 ὠνείδισεν | punct | high |
καὶ---ἦν γὰρ τηνικαῦτα ἐς Μεσσηνίους Ἀχαιοῖς ἔγκλημα---Λυκόρταν σὺν τῇ στρατιᾷ ὁ Φιλοποίμην ἀποστέλλει δῃώσοντα τῶν Μεσσηνίων τὴν χώραν,
Main clause has postposed subject ὁ Φιλοποίμην with accusative object Λυκόρταν and supplementary purpose participle δῃώσοντα; ἦν ... ἔγκλημα is an intervening explanatory clause, with Ἀχαιοῖς as dative possessor/experiencer and ἐς Μεσσηνίους as the target of the grievance. Hyphens are punctuation tokens.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | Conj | _ | 21 ἀποστέλλει | cc | high | |
| 2 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | _ | 5 ἦν | punct | high | |
| 3 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | _ | 5 ἦν | punct | high | |
| 4 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | _ | 5 ἦν | punct | high | |
| 5 | ἦν | εἰμί | AUX | V- Impf Act Ind 3 Sg | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Imperfect|Voice=Act | 11 ἔγκλημα | cop | high | |
| 6 | γὰρ | γάρ | PART | Part | _ | 5 ἦν | discourse | high | |
| 7 | τηνικαῦτα | τηνικαῦτα | ADV | Adv | _ | 5 ἦν | advmod | high | |
| 8 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | Prep | _ | 9 Μεσσηνίους | case | high | |
| 9 | Μεσσηνίους | Μεσσήνιος | PROPN | N- Acc Pl Masc | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 11 ἔγκλημα | obl | medium | Target of ἔγκλημα, with ἐς. |
| 10 | Ἀχαιοῖς | Ἀχαιός | PROPN | N- Dat Pl Masc | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 11 ἔγκλημα | iobj | medium | Dative of the aggrieved party/possessor. |
| 11 | ἔγκλημα | ἔγκλημα | NOUN | N- Nom Sg Neut | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 0 ROOT | root | medium | Predicate nominal of ἦν; the main clause is parenthetical. |
| 12 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | _ | 11 ἔγκλημα | punct | high | |
| 13 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | _ | 11 ἔγκλημα | punct | high | |
| 14 | - | - | PUNCT | _ | _ | 11 ἔγκλημα | punct | high | |
| 15 | Λυκόρταν | Λυκόρτας | PROPN | N- Acc Sg Masc | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 21 ἀποστέλλει | obj | high | |
| 16 | σὺν | σύν | ADP | Prep | _ | 18 στρατιᾷ | case | high | |
| 17 | τῇ | ὁ | DET | Art-Dat Sg Fem | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 18 στρατιᾷ | det | high | |
| 18 | στρατιᾷ | στρατιά | NOUN | N- Dat Sg Fem | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 21 ἀποστέλλει | obl | high | |
| 19 | ὁ | ὁ | DET | Art-Nom Sg Masc | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 20 Φιλοποίμην | det | high | |
| 20 | Φιλοποίμην | Φιλοποίμην | PROPN | N- Nom Sg Masc | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 21 ἀποστέλλει | nsubj | high | |
| 21 | ἀποστέλλει | ἀποστέλλω | VERB | V- Pres Act Ind 3 Sg | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 22 | δῃώσοντα | δηιόω | VERB | V- Fut Act Ptcp Acc Sg Masc | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Mood=Part|Number=Sing|Tense=Fut|Voice=Act | 15 Λυκόρταν | acl | medium | Future participle expressing purpose, agreeing with Λυκόρταν. |
| 23 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | Art-Gen Pl Masc | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 24 Μεσσηνίων | det | high | |
| 24 | Μεσσηνίων | Μεσσήνιος | PROPN | N- Gen Pl Masc | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 26 χώραν | nmod | high | |
| 25 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | Art-Acc Sg Fem | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 26 χώραν | det | high | |
| 26 | χώραν | χώρα | NOUN | N- Acc Sg Fem | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 22 δῃώσοντα | obj | high | |
| 27 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 21 ἀποστέλλει | punct | high |
αὐτὸς δὲ τρίτῃ μάλιστα ὕστερον ἡμέρᾳ, πυρετῷ τε ἐχόμενος πολλῷ καὶ πρόσω βεβιωκὼς ἑβδομήκοντα ἐτῶν, ὅμως ἠπείγετο μετασχεῖν Λυκόρτᾳ τοῦ ἔργου· ἱππέας δὲ καὶ πελταστὰς ἦγεν ὅσον ἑξήκοντα.
Two coordinated clauses share the subject αὐτός; τρίτῃ ... ἡμέρᾳ is a temporal dative, while πολλῷ modifies πυρετῷ and πρόσω modifies βεβιωκώς. Λυκόρτᾳ is a dative complement of μετασχεῖν. The final ὅσον ἑξήκοντα is an approximate numeral complement of ἦγεν.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | αὐτὸς | αὐτός | PRON | A-PNS-NMS | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Prs | 19 ἠπείγετο | nsubj | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 19 ἠπείγετο | cc | high | |
| 3 | τρίτῃ | τρίτος | ADJ | A-ODS-FNS | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|NumType=Ord|Number=Sing | 6 ἡμέρᾳ | amod | high | |
| 4 | μάλιστα | μάλιστα | ADV | D-------- | Degree=Sup | 3 τρίτῃ | advmod | medium | Intensifies the temporal ordinal expression. |
| 5 | ὕστερον | ὕστερος | ADV | D-------- | Degree=Pos | 19 ἠπείγετο | advmod | medium | Temporal adverb, likely modifying ἠπείγετο. |
| 6 | ἡμέρᾳ | ἡμέρα | NOUN | N-ODS-FNS | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 19 ἠπείγετο | obl:tmod | high | |
| 7 | , | , | PUNCT | U-------- | _ | 19 ἠπείγετο | punct | high | |
| 8 | πυρετῷ | πυρετός | NOUN | N-ODS-MNS | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 10 ἐχόμενος | obl | high | Dative with ἐχόμενος, expressing the fever affecting him. |
| 9 | τε | τε | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 8 πυρετῷ | cc | high | |
| 10 | ἐχόμενος | ἔχω | VERB | V-PPM-NMS | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass | 19 ἠπείγετο | advcl | high | Circumstantial participle. |
| 11 | πολλῷ | πολύς | ADJ | A-ODS-MNS | Case=Dat|Degree=Pos|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 8 πυρετῷ | amod | high | |
| 12 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 14 βεβιωκὼς | cc | high | |
| 13 | πρόσω | πρόσω | ADV | D-------- | _ | 14 βεβιωκὼς | advmod | high | |
| 14 | βεβιωκὼς | βιόω | VERB | V-RPA-NMS | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 19 ἠπείγετο | advcl | high | Perfect active participle with present state/result; coordinated circumstantial participle. |
| 15 | ἑβδομήκοντα | ἑβδομήκοντα | NUM | M-------- | NumType=Card | 16 ἐτῶν | nummod | high | |
| 16 | ἐτῶν | ἔτος | NOUN | N-GPN-P | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 14 βεβιωκὼς | obj | medium | Accusative-of-duration-like complement is syntactically represented as the participle's measure/object. |
| 17 | , | , | PUNCT | U-------- | _ | 19 ἠπείγετο | punct | high | |
| 18 | ὅμως | ὅμως | ADV | D-------- | _ | 19 ἠπείγετο | advmod | high | |
| 19 | ἠπείγετο | ἐπείγω | VERB | V-IPI-3-S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Imp|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 20 | μετασχεῖν | μετέχω | VERB | V-2A-N | Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act | 19 ἠπείγετο | xcomp | high | |
| 21 | Λυκόρτᾳ | Λυκόρτας | PROPN | N-DSM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 20 μετασχεῖν | iobj | high | Proper name in the dative. |
| 22 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | T-GSN | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 23 ἔργου | det | high | |
| 23 | ἔργου | ἔργον | NOUN | N-GSN | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 20 μετασχεῖν | obl | high | Genitive complement of μετασχεῖν. |
| 24 | · | · | PUNCT | U-------- | _ | 29 ἦγεν | punct | high | |
| 25 | ἱππέας | ἱππεύς | NOUN | N-APM-P | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 29 ἦγεν | obj | high | |
| 26 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 29 ἦγεν | cc | high | |
| 27 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 28 πελταστὰς | cc | high | |
| 28 | πελταστὰς | πελταστής | NOUN | N-APM-P | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 25 ἱππέας | conj | high | |
| 29 | ἦγεν | ἄγω | VERB | V-IAI-3-S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Imp|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 19 ἠπείγετο | parataxis | high | Independent coordinated/paratactic clause after the punctuation. |
| 30 | ὅσον | ὅσος | ADV | D-------- | _ | 31 ἑξήκοντα | advmod | medium | Adverbial approximator introducing the quantity. |
| 31 | ἑξήκοντα | ἑξήκοντα | NUM | M-------- | NumType=Card | 25 ἱππέας | nummod | high | Approximate number of mounted troops and, by coordination, peltasts. |
| 32 | . | . | PUNCT | U-------- | _ | 19 ἠπείγετο | punct | high |