Grammar parses for passage 8.51.8
Open translation for this passage
Λυκόρτας δὲ μετʼ οὐ πολὺ ἀθροίσας ἔκ τε Ἀρκαδίας καὶ παρʼ Ἀχαιῶν δύναμιν ἐστράτευσεν ἐπὶ Μεσσήνην·
The participial clause ἀθροίσας δύναμιν gives the prior action; μετὰ οὐ πολύ is an adverbial temporal phrase, and ἔκ τε Ἀρκαδίας καὶ παρʼ Ἀχαιῶν marks the force’s sources.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Λυκόρτας | Λυκόρτας | PROPN | N--NSM- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 14 ἐστράτευσεν | nsubj | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 14 ἐστράτευσεν | cc | high | Postpositive coordinating particle. |
| 3 | μετʼ | μετά | ADP | R-------- | _ | 6 ἀθροίσας | case | high | Elided before οὐ. |
| 4 | οὐ | οὐ | PART | T-------- | Polarity=Neg | 5 πολὺ | advmod | high | |
| 5 | πολὺ | πολύς | ADJ | A-----NA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 6 ἀθροίσας | advmod | medium | Adverbial accusative in μετὰ οὐ πολύ, ‘not long afterward’. |
| 6 | ἀθροίσας | ἀθροίζω | VERB | V-AAPNSM- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 14 ἐστράτευσεν | advcl | high | Aorist participle with subject co-referent to Λυκόρτας. |
| 7 | ἔκ | ἐκ | ADP | R-------- | _ | 9 Ἀρκαδίας | case | high | Preposition governing Ἀρκαδίας. |
| 8 | τε | τε | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 9 Ἀρκαδίας | cc | medium | Correlative τε with καί. |
| 9 | Ἀρκαδίας | Ἀρκαδία | PROPN | N-GSF- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 13 δύναμιν | nmod | high | |
| 10 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 13 δύναμιν | cc | high | Coordinates the source phrases ἔκ τε Ἀρκαδίας and παρʼ Ἀχαιῶν. |
| 11 | παρʼ | παρά | ADP | R-------- | _ | 12 Ἀχαιῶν | case | high | Elided before Ἀχαιῶν; source/agentive sense. |
| 12 | Ἀχαιῶν | Ἀχαιός | PROPN | N-GPM- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 13 δύναμιν | nmod | high | Genitive with παρά, source or supplying group. |
| 13 | δύναμιν | δύναμις | NOUN | N-ASF- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 6 ἀθροίσας | obj | high | Object of ἀθροίσας. |
| 14 | ἐστράτευσεν | στρατεύω | VERB | V-AAI3S- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 15 | ἐπὶ | ἐπί | ADP | R-------- | _ | 16 Μεσσήνην | case | high | Governs accusative of movement against/toward. |
| 16 | Μεσσήνην | Μεσσήνη | PROPN | N-ASF- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 14 ἐστράτευσεν | obl | high | Accusative complement of ἐπί. |
| 17 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 14 ἐστράτευσεν | punct | high |
καὶ ὁ δῆμος αὐτίκα ὁ τῶν Μεσσηνίων προσεχώρησε τοῖς Ἀρκάσι, καὶ οἱ Φιλοποίμενι αἰτίαν θανάτου παρασχόντες ἁλόντες πλὴν Δεινοκράτους ὑπέσχον τιμωρίαν οἱ ἄλλοι,
Two coordinated clauses: the Messenian demos joined the Arcadians; the others, except Deinocrates, having been captured after providing grounds for Philopoemen's death, accepted punishment. The participles are circumstantial and refer to οἱ ἄλλοι; οἱ Φιλοποίμενι is best read as an accusative plural article plus dative proper name, with the article substantivizing an omitted/elliptical group understood as the people hostile to Philopoemen.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 8 προσεχώρησε | cc | high | |
| 2 | ὁ | ὁ | DET | T-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 3 δῆμος | det | high | |
| 3 | δῆμος | δῆμος | NOUN | N-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 8 προσεχώρησε | nsubj | high | |
| 4 | αὐτίκα | αὐτίκα | ADV | ADV | _ | 8 προσεχώρησε | advmod | high | |
| 5 | ὁ | ὁ | DET | T-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 7 Μεσσηνίων | det | high | Second article in the phrase ὁ τῶν Μεσσηνίων, agreeing with δῆμος; syntactically appositional/restrictive. |
| 6 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | T-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 7 Μεσσηνίων | det | high | |
| 7 | Μεσσηνίων | Μεσσήνιος | ADJ | A-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 3 δῆμος | nmod | high | Ethnic adjective substantively modifying/identifying δῆμος. |
| 8 | προσεχώρησε | προσχωρέω | VERB | V-3AAI-S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 9 | τοῖς | ὁ | DET | T-DPM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 10 Ἀρκάσι | det | high | |
| 10 | Ἀρκάσι | Ἀρκάς | PROPN | N-DPM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 8 προσεχώρησε | iobj | high | Dative complement of προσχωρέω. |
| 11 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 8 προσεχώρησε | punct | high | |
| 12 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 21 ὑπέσχον | cc | high | |
| 13 | οἱ | ὁ | DET | T-APM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 14 Φιλοποίμενι | det | medium | Taken as accusative plural article substantivizing an elliptical group with Φιλοποίμενι. |
| 14 | Φιλοποίμενι | Φιλοποίμην | PROPN | N-DSM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 17 παρασχόντες | obl | medium | Dative of hostile relation/interest: those who supplied grounds for Philopoemen's death; article οἱ is elliptical and substantivizing. |
| 15 | αἰτίαν | αἰτία | NOUN | N-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 17 παρασχόντες | obj | high | |
| 16 | θανάτου | θάνατος | NOUN | N-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 15 αἰτίαν | nmod | high | Genitive dependent on αἰτίαν. |
| 17 | παρασχόντες | παρέχω | VERB | V-AAP-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 21 ὑπέσχον | advcl | high | Circumstantial participle, coordinated in sense with ἁλόντες and controlled by οἱ ἄλλοι. |
| 18 | ἁλόντες | ἁλίσκομαι | VERB | V-2AAP-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Past|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 21 ὑπέσχον | advcl | high | Aorist participle ‘having been captured’; formally active in morphology but intransitive/passive in sense. |
| 19 | πλὴν | πλήν | ADP | PREP | _ | 20 Δεινοκράτους | case | high | Preposition governing Δεινοκράτους. |
| 20 | Δεινοκράτους | Δεινοκράτης | PROPN | N-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 18 ἁλόντες | obl | high | Genitive governed by πλήν. |
| 21 | ὑπέσχον | ὑπέχω | VERB | V-2AAI-P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | conj | high | Second coordinated finite predicate; subject is οἱ ἄλλοι. |
| 22 | τιμωρίαν | τιμωρία | NOUN | N-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 21 ὑπέσχον | obj | high | |
| 23 | οἱ | ὁ | DET | T-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 24 ἄλλοι | det | high | |
| 24 | ἄλλοι | ἄλλος | ADJ | A-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 21 ὑπέσχον | nsubj | high | Substantive adjective, subject of ὑπέσχον and understood controller of the participles. |
| 25 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 21 ὑπέσχον | punct | high |
Δεινοκράτης δὲ ἀφίησιν αὐτοχειρίᾳ τὴν ψυχήν.
Straightforward clause: Δεινοκράτης is the nominative subject; ἀφίησιν takes τὴν ψυχήν as its accusative object, while αὐτοχειρίᾳ is an instrumental dative meaning ‘by his own hand’.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Δεινοκράτης | Δεινοκράτης | PROPN | Nbmsc | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 3 ἀφίησιν | nsubj | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 3 ἀφίησιν | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | ἀφίησιν | ἀφίημι | VERB | VPAI3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 4 | αὐτοχειρίᾳ | αὐτοχειρία | NOUN | Nfsd | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 3 ἀφίησιν | obl | high | Instrumental dative: ‘by his own hand’. |
| 5 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | Lafsa | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 6 ψυχήν | det | high | |
| 6 | ψυχήν | ψυχή | NOUN | Nafsa | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 3 ἀφίησιν | obj | high | |
| 7 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 3 ἀφίησιν | punct | high |
κατάγουσι δὲ καὶ ἐς Μεγάλην πόλιν τοῦ Φιλοποίμενος τὰ ὀστᾶ οἱ Ἀρκάδες.
The directional phrase ἐς Μεγάλην πόλιν is an oblique goal complement of κατάγουσι; τοῦ Φιλοποίμενος is a genitive dependent on πόλιν, identifying the city associated with Philopoemen's bones.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | κατάγουσι | κατάγω | VERB | V-PAI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 1 κατάγουσι | cc | high | |
| 3 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 1 κατάγουσι | cc | high | Coordinating/adverbial καί; analyzed as coordination marker. |
| 4 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | PREP | _ | 6 πόλιν | case | high | |
| 5 | Μεγάλην | Μέγαλη | PROPN | N-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 6 πόλιν | amod | medium | Feminine place-name adjective modifying πόλιν. |
| 6 | πόλιν | πόλις | NOUN | N-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 1 κατάγουσι | obl | high | |
| 7 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | T-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 8 Φιλοποίμενος | det | high | |
| 8 | Φιλοποίμενος | Φιλοποίμην | PROPN | N-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 6 πόλιν | nmod | high | Genitive identifying the associated bones. |
| 9 | τὰ | ὁ | DET | T-NPA | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 10 ὀστᾶ | det | high | |
| 10 | ὀστᾶ | ὀστέον | NOUN | N- NPA | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 1 κατάγουσι | obj | high | Form is the plural neuter accusative of ὀστέον. |
| 11 | οἱ | ὁ | DET | T-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 12 Ἀρκάδες | det | high | |
| 12 | Ἀρκάδες | Ἀρκάς | PROPN | N-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 1 κατάγουσι | nsubj | high | |
| 13 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 1 κατάγουσι | punct | high |