Pausanias Analysis - Grammar 8.52.2

← 8.52.1 8.52.3 →

Passage 8.52.2

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3sentences parsed

73Greek tokens

2,494input tokens

5,650output tokens

Sentence 1

8.52.2 sentence 1

Tokens: 29
Input: 887
Output: 2,147
Total: 3,034

Μιλτιάδου δὲ ὕστερον Λεωνίδας ὁ Ἀναξανδρίδου καὶ Θεμιστοκλῆς ὁ Νεοκλέους ἀπώσαντο ἐκ τῆς Ἑλλάδος Ξέρξην, ὁ μὲν ταῖς ναυμαχίαις ἀμφοτέραις, Λεωνίδας δὲ ἀγῶνι τῷ ἐν Θερμοπύλαις.

Two coordinated subject clauses are compressed: Λεωνίδας and Θεμιστοκλῆς jointly govern ἀπώσαντο; ὁ μὲν ... ταῖς ναυμαχίαις and Λεωνίδας δὲ ... specify the respective means, with the second subject repeated. The genitive Μιλτιάδου is a temporal/ablative genitive, ‘after Miltiades’.

#	Form	Lemma	UPOS	XPOS	Features	Head	DepRel	Conf.	Note
1	Μιλτιάδου	Μιλτιάδης	PROPN	N-gen-sg	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	3 ὕστερον	obl:tmod	medium	Genitive of temporal succession (‘after Miltiades’), interpreted with ὕστερον.
2	δὲ	δέ	CCONJ	CONJ	_	11 ἀπώσαντο	cc	high
3	ὕστερον	ὕστερος	ADV	ADV	_	11 ἀπώσαντο	advmod	high	Adverbial comparative, ‘later/afterwards’.
4	Λεωνίδας	Λεωνίδας	PROPN	N-nom-sg	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	11 ἀπώσαντο	nsubj	high	First coordinated subject; repeated in the later contrastive clause.
5	ὁ	ὁ	DET	T-nom-sg-m	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	4 Λεωνίδας	det	high	Article in the name-plus-patronymic identification.
6	Ἀναξανδρίδου	Ἀναξανδρίδης	PROPN	N-gen-sg	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	4 Λεωνίδας	nmod:poss	high	Patronymic genitive, ‘son of Anaxandridas’.
7	καὶ	καί	CCONJ	CONJ	_	8 Θεμιστοκλῆς	cc	high
8	Θεμιστοκλῆς	Θεμιστοκλῆς	PROPN	N-nom-sg	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	11 ἀπώσαντο	conj	high	Second coordinated subject.
9	ὁ	ὁ	DET	T-nom-sg-m	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	8 Θεμιστοκλῆς	det	high	Article in the name-plus-patronymic identification.
10	Νεοκλέους	Νεοκλῆς	PROPN	N-gen-sg	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	8 Θεμιστοκλῆς	nmod:poss	high	Patronymic genitive, ‘son of Neocles’.
11	ἀπώσαντο	ἀπωθέω	VERB	V-aor-mid-ind-3pl	Mood=Ind\|Number=Plur\|Person=3\|Tense=Past\|Voice=Mid	0 ROOT	root	high	Aorist middle, 3rd plural; subject is the coordinated pair.
12	ἐκ	ἐκ	ADP	PREP	_	14 Ἑλλάδος	case	high
13	τῆς	ὁ	DET	T-gen-sg-f	Case=Gen\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	14 Ἑλλάδος	det	high
14	Ἑλλάδος	Ἑλλάς	PROPN	N-gen-sg	Case=Gen\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	11 ἀπώσαντο	obl	high	Source/separation complement of ἐκ.
15	Ξέρξην	Ξέρξης	PROPN	N-acc-sg	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	11 ἀπώσαντο	obj	high
16	,	,	PUNCT	_	_	11 ἀπώσαντο	punct	high
17	ὁ	ὁ	PRON	T-nom-sg-m	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	20 ναυμαχίαις	nsubj	medium	Substantival article, referring to Θεμιστοκλῆς in the μέν clause.
18	μὲν	μέν	PART	PART	_	17 ὁ	discourse	high	Correlative particle paired with δὲ at token 24.
19	ταῖς	ὁ	DET	T-dat-pl-f	Case=Dat\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Plur	20 ναυμαχίαις	det	high
20	ναυμαχίαις	ναυμαχία	NOUN	N-dat-pl-f	Case=Dat\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Plur	11 ἀπώσαντο	obl:instr	high	Dative of means, ‘by the naval battles’.
21	ἀμφοτέραις	ἀμφότερος	ADJ	A-dat-pl-f	Case=Dat\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Plur	20 ναυμαχίαις	amod	high	Agrees with ναυμαχίαις.
22	,	,	PUNCT	_	_	11 ἀπώσαντο	punct	high
23	Λεωνίδας	Λεωνίδας	PROPN	N-nom-sg	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	25 ἀγῶνι	nsubj	high	Explicit subject of the δέ clause.
24	δὲ	δέ	CCONJ	CONJ	_	23 Λεωνίδας	cc	high	Contrasts the two means/agents.
25	ἀγῶνι	ἀγών	NOUN	N-dat-sg-m	Case=Dat\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	11 ἀπώσαντο	obl:instr	high	Dative of means, ‘by the contest/fight’.
26	τῷ	ὁ	DET	T-dat-sg-m	Case=Dat\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	25 ἀγῶνι	det	high
27	ἐν	ἐν	ADP	PREP	_	28 Θερμοπύλαις	case	high
28	Θερμοπύλαις	Θερμοπύλαι	PROPN	N-dat-pl-f	Case=Dat\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Plur	25 ἀγῶνι	nmod	high	Locative complement of ἐν, specifying the contest at Thermopylae.
29	.	.	PUNCT	_	_	11 ἀπώσαντο	punct	high

Sentence 2

8.52.2 sentence 2

Tokens: 34
Input: 949
Output: 2,759
Total: 3,708

Ἀριστείδην δὲ τὸν Λυσιμάχου καὶ Παυσανίαν τὸν Κλεομβρότου Πλαταιᾶσιν ἡγησαμένους, τὸν μὲν τὰ ὕστερον ἀφείλετο ἀδικήματα εὐεργέτην μὴ ὀνομασθῆναι τῆς Ἑλλάδος, Ἀριστείδην δὲ ὅτι ἔταξε φόρους τοῖς τὰς νήσους ἔχουσιν Ἕλλησι·

Elliptical accusative absolute/participial construction: Ἀριστείδην and Παυσανίαν are coordinated accusative subjects with ἡγησαμένους; the following clauses explain their differing reputations. The first τὸν refers to Pausanias, while the second Ἀριστείδην resumes Aristides. The final ὅτι-clause is the content/reason for Aristides being named a benefactor, with φόρους governed by ἔταξε and τοῖς Ἕλλησιν as the dative beneficiary, modified by the participle ἔχουσιν.

#	Form	Lemma	UPOS	XPOS	Features	Head	DepRel	Conf.	Note
1	Ἀριστείδην	Ἀριστείδης	PROPN	N-AMS	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	10 ἡγησαμένους	nsubj	high	Accusative subject of the participial construction.
2	δὲ	δέ	CCONJ	CONJ	_	24 Ἀριστείδην	cc	high	Postpositive contrastive connective.
3	τὸν	ὁ	DET	S-AMS	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	4 Λυσιμάχου	det	high	Article with Λυσιμάχου; nominal name phrase is in apposition to Ἀριστείδην.
4	Λυσιμάχου	Λυσιμάχος	PROPN	N-GMS	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	1 Ἀριστείδην	nmod	high	Patronymic/genitive dependent on Aristides.
5	καὶ	καί	CCONJ	CONJ	_	6 Παυσανίαν	cc	high	Coordinates the two accusative names.
6	Παυσανίαν	Παυσανίας	PROPN	N-AMS	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	10 ἡγησαμένους	conj	high	Coordinated accusative subject of ἡγησαμένους.
7	τὸν	ὁ	DET	S-AMS	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	8 Κλεομβρότου	det	high	Article with Κλεομβρότου; name phrase appositional to Παυσανίαν.
8	Κλεομβρότου	Κλεόμβροτος	PROPN	N-GMS	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	6 Παυσανίαν	nmod	high	Patronymic/genitive dependent on Pausanias.
9	Πλαταιᾶσιν	Πλαταιαί	PROPN	N-DPF	Case=Dat\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Plur	10 ἡγησαμένους	obl	medium	Locative dative, ‘at Plataea’; modifies ἡγησαμένους.
10	ἡγησαμένους	ἡγέομαι	VERB	V-AMP	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur\|Tense=Aor\|VerbForm=Part\|Voice=Mid	0 ROOT	root	high	Aorist middle participle with coordinated accusative subjects; governing participial frame.
11	,	,	PUNCT	_	_	10 ἡγησαμένους	punct	high
12	τὸν	ὁ	DET	S-AMS	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	20 ὀνομασθῆναι	nsubj	medium	Substantivized/article-marked accusative referring to Pausanias; subject of ὀνομασθῆναι.
13	μὲν	μέν	PART	PART	_	12 τὸν	discourse	high	Correlative particle paired with δὲ at token 25.
14	τὰ	ὁ	DET	S-APN	Case=Acc\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Plur	15 ὕστερον	det	high	Article substantivizing ὕστερον.
15	ὕστερον	ὕστερος	ADJ	A-APN	Case=Acc\|Degree=Pos\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Plur	16 ἀφείλετο	obj	medium	Substantivized plural neuter, ‘later events’; object of ἀφείλετο.
16	ἀφείλετο	ἀφαιρέω	VERB	V-AMI-3S	Mood=Ind\|Number=Sing\|Person=3\|Tense=Aor\|VerbForm=Fin\|Voice=Mid	20 ὀνομασθῆναι	advcl	medium	Aorist middle clause explaining the loss of benefactor status; subject is understood Pausanias.
17	ἀδικήματα	ἀδίκημα	NOUN	N-APN	Case=Acc\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Plur	16 ἀφείλετο	obj	high	Object of ἀφείλετο, ‘offenses/crimes’.
18	εὐεργέτην	εὐεργέτης	NOUN	N-AMS	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	20 ὀνομασθῆναι	xcomp	high	Predicate accusative with ὀνομασθῆναι.
19	μὴ	μή	PART	PART	Polarity=Neg	20 ὀνομασθῆναι	advmod	high	Negates the infinitive.
20	ὀνομασθῆναι	ὀνομάζω	VERB	V-APN	Mood=Inf\|Tense=Aor\|VerbForm=Inf\|Voice=Pass	10 ἡγησαμένους	xcomp	high	Aorist passive infinitive, coordinated explanatory complement under the participial construction.
21	τῆς	ὁ	DET	S-GFS	Case=Gen\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	22 Ἑλλάδος	det	high	Article with Ἑλλάδος.
22	Ἑλλάδος	Ἑλλάς	PROPN	N-GFS	Case=Gen\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	18 εὐεργέτην	nmod	high	Genitive dependent on εὐεργέτην, ‘of Greece’.
23	,	,	PUNCT	_	_	10 ἡγησαμένους	punct	high
24	Ἀριστείδην	Ἀριστείδης	PROPN	N-AMS	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	27 ἔταξε	nsubj	high	Resumed accusative subject of the second explanatory clause.
25	δὲ	δέ	CCONJ	CONJ	_	24 Ἀριστείδην	cc	high	Correlative counterpart to μέν.
26	ὅτι	ὅτι	SCONJ	CONJ	_	27 ἔταξε	mark	high	Introduces the explanatory/content clause.
27	ἔταξε	τάσσω	VERB	V-AAI-3S	Mood=Ind\|Number=Sing\|Person=3\|Tense=Aor\|VerbForm=Fin\|Voice=Act	10 ἡγησαμένους	parataxis	high	Finite verb of the second explanatory clause.
28	φόρους	φόρος	NOUN	N-APM	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	27 ἔταξε	obj	high	Object of ἔταξε, ‘tribute assessments/tributes’.
29	τοῖς	ὁ	DET	S-DMP	Case=Dat\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	33 Ἕλλησι	det	high	Article with substantivized participle ἔχουσιν.
30	τὰς	ὁ	DET	S-APF	Case=Acc\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Plur	31 νήσους	det	high	Article with νήσους.
31	νήσους	νῆσος	NOUN	N-APF	Case=Acc\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Plur	32 ἔχουσιν	obj	high	Object of ἔχουσιν.
32	ἔχουσιν	ἔχω	VERB	V-PAP-DMP	Case=Dat\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur\|Tense=Pres\|VerbForm=Part\|Voice=Act	33 Ἕλλησι	acl	high	Present active participle modifying substantivized τοῖς, ‘those who possess the islands’.
33	Ἕλλησι	Ἕλλην	NOUN	N-DMP	Case=Dat\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	27 ἔταξε	iobj	high	Dative recipient/beneficiary of ἔταξε, ‘for the Greeks’; τοῖς ἔχουσιν is embedded modifier.
34	·	·	PUNCT	_	_	10 ἡγησαμένους	punct	high

Sentence 3

8.52.2 sentence 3

Tokens: 10
Input: 658
Output: 744
Total: 1,402

πρὸ Ἀριστείδου δὲ ἦν ἅπαν τὸ Ἑλληνικὸν ἀτελὲς φόρων.

The prepositional phrase πρὸ Ἀριστείδου is fronted temporal syntax (‘before Aristides’); τὸ Ἑλληνικόν is the neuter substantivized collective subject, with ἅπαν agreeing with it, and ἀτελές a predicate adjective. φόρων is a genitive of separation/deprivation dependent on ἀτελές.

#	Form	Lemma	UPOS	XPOS	Features	Head	DepRel	Conf.	Note
1	πρὸ	πρό	ADP	R-	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	2 Ἀριστείδου	case	high
2	Ἀριστείδου	Ἀριστείδης	PROPN	N-	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	4 ἦν	obl	high	Temporal complement of πρὸ.
3	δὲ	δέ	CCONJ	C-	_	4 ἦν	discourse	high
4	ἦν	εἰμί	VERB	V-3I	Mood=Ind\|Number=Sing\|Person=3\|Tense=Imperf\|Voice=Act	0 ROOT	root	high
5	ἅπαν	ἅπας	DET	A-	Case=Nom\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	7 Ἑλληνικὸν	det	high
6	τὸ	ὁ	DET	T-	Case=Nom\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	7 Ἑλληνικὸν	det	high
7	Ἑλληνικὸν	Ἑλληνικός	NOUN	A-	Case=Nom\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	4 ἦν	nsubj	high	Substantivized adjective, collective ‘the Greek world/people’.
8	ἀτελὲς	ἀτελής	ADJ	A-	Case=Nom\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	4 ἦν	xcomp	high	Predicate adjective with εἰμί.
9	φόρων	φόρος	NOUN	N-	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	8 ἀτελὲς	obl	high	Genitive of deprivation/separation: ‘without tribute’.
10	.	.	PUNCT	_	_	4 ἦν	punct	high

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