Grammar parses for passage 8.52.4
Open translation for this passage
κεκακωμένον δὲ ἤδη τὸ Ἑλληνικὸν Κόνων ὁ Τιμοθέου καὶ Ἐπαμινώνδας ἀνεκτήσατο ὁ Πολύμνιδος,
κεκακωμένον is a nominative/accusative neuter perfect passive participle agreeing with τὸ Ἑλληνικόν; Κόνων and Ἐπαμινώνδας are coordinated agents in the nominative, while ὁ Πολύμνιδος is the subject of ἀνεκτήσατο. The participle is predicative/fronted and the object is τὸ Ἑλληνικόν.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | κεκακωμένον | κακόω | VERB | VRPNSN- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Mood=Part|Number=Sing|Tense=Perf|Voice=Pass | 5 Ἑλληνικὸν | amod | high | Perfect passive participle agreeing with τὸ Ἑλληνικόν; predicative/fronted. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | ---- | _ | 11 ἀνεκτήσατο | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | ἤδη | ἤδη | ADV | D-------- | _ | 1 κεκακωμένον | advmod | high | Temporal adverb modifying the participial state. |
| 4 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | T-SNN---- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 5 Ἑλληνικὸν | det | high | |
| 5 | Ἑλληνικὸν | Ἑλληνικός | ADJ | A-SNN---- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 11 ἀνεκτήσατο | obj | high | Substantivized adjective, object of ἀνεκτήσατο. |
| 6 | Κόνων | Κόνων | PROPN | N-SMN---- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 11 ἀνεκτήσατο | nsubj | high | Coordinated nominative agent/subject. |
| 7 | ὁ | ὁ | DET | T-SMN---- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 8 Τιμοθέου | det | high | |
| 8 | Τιμοθέου | Τιμόθεος | PROPN | N-SMG---- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 6 Κόνων | nmod | high | Patronymic genitive, ‘son of Timotheus’. |
| 9 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 10 Ἐπαμινώνδας | cc | high | |
| 10 | Ἐπαμινώνδας | Ἐπαμεινώνδας | PROPN | N-SMN---- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 6 Κόνων | conj | high | Second coordinated nominative agent; coordinated with Κόνων. |
| 11 | ἀνεκτήσατο | ἀνακτάομαι | VERB | V3SAMI---- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | high | Aorist middle, ‘restored/recovered’. |
| 12 | ὁ | ὁ | DET | T-SMN---- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 13 Πολύμνιδος | det | high | |
| 13 | Πολύμνιδος | Πολύμνις | PROPN | N-SMN---- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 11 ἀνεκτήσατο | nsubj | medium | Subject of ἀνεκτήσατο; likely a second named person, with Κόνων and Ἐπαμινώνδας coordinated in apposition/agentive relation. |
| 14 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 11 ἀνεκτήσατο | punct | high |
ὁ μὲν ἐκ τῶν νήσων καὶ ὅσα ἐγγυτάτω θαλάσσης, Ἐπαμινώνδας δὲ ἐκ τῶν πόλεων τῶν ἀπὸ θαλάσσης ἄνω Λακεδαιμονίων τὰς φρουρὰς καὶ ἁρμοστὰς ἐκβαλόντες καὶ δεκαδαρχίας καταπαύσαντες·
Elliptical coordinated construction: ὁ μέν is a substantivized article introducing an omitted subject/predicate for the first group; Ἐπαμινώνδας δέ is the explicit subject of the second participial clause, with ἐκβαλόντες and καταπαύσαντες coordinated. The participles are masculine plural nominative and likely refer to the relevant agents collectively, though agreement with the singular Ἐπαμινώνδας is syntactically irregular; confidence is therefore reduced for their attachment/agreement.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ὁ | ὁ | DET | T-d-------- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 2 μὲν | det | high | Substantivized article in the μέν constituent. |
| 2 | μὲν | μέν | PART | G--------- | _ | 11 Ἐπαμινώνδας | cc | medium | Correlative particle paired with δέ; attached to the first contrasted constituent. |
| 3 | ἐκ | ἐκ | ADP | R--------- | _ | 5 νήσων | case | high | |
| 4 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | T-g---p-- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 5 νήσων | det | high | |
| 5 | νήσων | νῆσος | NOUN | NGFp | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 11 Ἐπαμινώνδας | obl | medium | Part of the first, elliptical ἐκ-phrase. |
| 6 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C--------- | _ | 7 ὅσα | cc | high | |
| 7 | ὅσα | ὅσος | PRON | P----na | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 8 ἐγγυτάτω | obl | medium | Substantivized neuter plural quantifier, probably referring to places/things nearest the sea. |
| 8 | ἐγγυτάτω | ἐγγύς | ADV | D-------- | Degree=Sup | 11 Ἐπαμινώνδας | advmod | medium | Superlative adverb; semantically governs the following genitive. |
| 9 | θαλάσσης | θάλασσα | NOUN | NGSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 8 ἐγγυτάτω | obl | high | Genitive with ἐγγυτάτω. |
| 10 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 11 Ἐπαμινώνδας | punct | high | |
| 11 | Ἐπαμινώνδας | Ἐπαμινώνδας | PROPN | NPMS | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 0 ROOT | root | high | Explicit subject of the second coordinated member. |
| 12 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | G--------- | _ | 11 Ἐπαμινώνδας | cc | high | Correlative counterpart to μέν. |
| 13 | ἐκ | ἐκ | ADP | R--------- | _ | 15 πόλεων | case | high | |
| 14 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | T-g---p-- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 15 πόλεων | det | high | |
| 15 | πόλεων | πόλις | NOUN | NGFp | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 11 Ἐπαμινώνδας | obl | high | Second ἐκ-phrase, coordinated contrastively with the first. |
| 16 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | T-g---p-- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 20 Λακεδαιμονίων | det | high | Article introducing the genitive modifier ἀπὸ θαλάσσης ἄνω Λακεδαιμονίων. |
| 17 | ἀπὸ | ἀπό | ADP | R--------- | _ | 18 θαλάσσης | case | high | |
| 18 | θαλάσσης | θάλασσα | NOUN | NGSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 19 ἄνω | obl | high | Genitive governed by ἀπό. |
| 19 | ἄνω | ἄνω | ADV | D-------- | _ | 20 Λακεδαιμονίων | advmod | medium | Adverb meaning inland/up-country, modifying Λακεδαιμονίων. |
| 20 | Λακεδαιμονίων | Λακεδαιμόνιος | ADJ | A-GPF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 15 πόλεων | amod | medium | Substantival ethnic adjective, agreeing with an understood feminine noun such as πόλεων; may also be read as a genitive modifier. |
| 21 | τὰς | ὁ | DET | T-afp | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 22 φρουρὰς | det | high | |
| 22 | φρουρὰς | φρουρά | NOUN | NAFP | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 25 ἐκβαλόντες | obj | high | Direct object of ἐκβαλόντες. |
| 23 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C--------- | _ | 24 ἁρμοστὰς | cc | high | |
| 24 | ἁρμοστὰς | ἁρμοστής | NOUN | NAMP | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 25 ἐκβαλόντες | obj | high | Coordinated direct object of ἐκβαλόντες. |
| 25 | ἐκβαλόντες | ἐκβάλλω | VERB | VAAPMPN | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 11 Ἐπαμινώνδας | advcl | low | Aorist active participle; plural masculine agreement conflicts with singular Ἐπαμινώνδας, perhaps reflecting an omitted plural subject or textual/syntactic irregularity. |
| 26 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C--------- | _ | 28 καταπαύσαντες | cc | high | |
| 27 | δεκαδαρχίας | δεκαδαρχία | NOUN | NAFP | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 28 καταπαύσαντες | obj | high | Direct object of καταπαύσαντες. |
| 28 | καταπαύσαντες | καταπαύω | VERB | VAAPMPN | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 25 ἐκβαλόντες | conj | low | Coordinated aorist participle; same agreement irregularity as ἐκβαλόντες. |
| 29 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 11 Ἐπαμινώνδας | punct | high |
Ἐπαμινώνδας δὲ καὶ πόλεσιν οὐκ ἀφανέσι, Μεσσήνῃ καὶ Μεγάλῃ πόλει τῇ Ἀρκάδων, λογιμωτέραν τὴν Ἑλλάδα ἐποίησεν.
Ἐπαμινώνδας is the subject; ἐποίησεν takes τὴν Ἑλλάδα as object and λογιμωτέραν as predicative object complement. πόλεσιν ... Μεσσήνῃ καὶ Μεγάλῃ πόλει is a dative adjunct, with οὐκ ἀφανέσι modifying πόλεσιν and the following datives in apposition; τῇ Ἀρκάδων modifies Μεγάλῃ πόλει.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Ἐπαμινώνδας | Ἐπαμινώνδας | PROPN | N--SMN- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 18 ἐποίησεν | nsubj | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 18 ἐποίησεν | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 4 πόλεσιν | cc | high | Coordinates the dative phrase. |
| 4 | πόλεσιν | πόλις | NOUN | N--PDN- | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 18 ἐποίησεν | obl | high | Dative adjunct, expanded by appositional city names. |
| 5 | οὐκ | οὐ | PART | D-------- | _ | 6 ἀφανέσι | advmod | high | Negates ἀφανέσι. |
| 6 | ἀφανέσι | ἀφανής | ADJ | A--PDN- | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 4 πόλεσιν | amod | high | |
| 7 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 4 πόλεσιν | punct | high | |
| 8 | Μεσσήνῃ | Μεσσήνη | PROPN | N--SDF- | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 4 πόλεσιν | appos | high | Apposition to πόλεσιν. |
| 9 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 11 πόλει | cc | high | |
| 10 | Μεγάλῃ | μέγας | ADJ | A--SDF- | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 11 πόλει | amod | high | Modifies πόλει. |
| 11 | πόλει | πόλις | NOUN | N--SDF- | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 8 Μεσσήνῃ | conj | high | Second appositional city phrase; coordinated with Μεσσήνῃ. |
| 12 | τῇ | ὁ | DET | L--SDF- | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 11 πόλει | det | high | |
| 13 | Ἀρκάδων | Ἀρκάς | PROPN | N--PGM- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 11 πόλει | nmod | high | Genitive ethnic designation. |
| 14 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 18 ἐποίησεν | punct | high | |
| 15 | λογιμωτέραν | λόγιμος | ADJ | A--SAC- | Case=Acc|Degree=Cmp|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 18 ἐποίησεν | xcomp | high | Predicative object complement of τὴν Ἑλλάδα. |
| 16 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | L--SFA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 17 Ἑλλάδα | det | high | |
| 17 | Ἑλλάδα | Ἑλλάς | PROPN | N--SFA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 18 ἐποίησεν | obj | high | |
| 18 | ἐποίησεν | ποιέω | VERB | V--IAI3S- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 19 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 18 ἐποίησεν | punct | high |