Grammar parses for passage 8.54.1
Open translation for this passage
Λακεδαιμονίοις δὲ καὶ Τεγεάταις ὅροι τῆς γῆς ὁ ποταμός ἐστιν ὁ Ἀλφειός.
Predicate nominative construction: ὁ ποταμὸς ὁ Ἀλφειός is ‘the river Alpheus’; ὅροι agrees with the dative-group subject complement in a locative/possessive formulation, while ἐστιν is the copular root. The plural form ὅροι is retained as given and is syntactically linked to ποταμός with uncertainty.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Λακεδαιμονίοις | Λακεδαιμόνιος | PROPN | A---DPM- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 5 ὅροι | iobj | high | Dative of the people for whom the boundary exists. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 10 ἐστιν | cc | high | |
| 3 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 4 Τεγεάταις | cc | high | Coordinates the two dative ethnics. |
| 4 | Τεγεάταις | Τεγεάτης | PROPN | A---DPM- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 1 Λακεδαιμονίοις | conj | high | Second dative ethnic, coordinated with Λακεδαιμονίοις. |
| 5 | ὅροι | ὅρος | NOUN | N---NPM- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 10 ἐστιν | nsubj | medium | As written, plural nominative; expected semantic relation is ‘boundary/boundaries’. Agreement with singular ποταμός is irregular or textually elliptical. |
| 6 | τῆς | ὁ | DET | L--GSF- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 7 γῆς | det | high | |
| 7 | γῆς | γῆ | NOUN | N---GSF- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 5 ὅροι | nmod | high | Genitive dependent on ὅροι: boundary of the land. |
| 8 | ὁ | ὁ | DET | L--NSM- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 9 ποταμός | det | high | |
| 9 | ποταμός | ποταμός | NOUN | N---NSM- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 5 ὅροι | appos | medium | Appositional specification of ὅροι, despite number mismatch in the supplied text. |
| 10 | ἐστιν | εἰμί | VERB | V-PIA-3S- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 11 | ὁ | ὁ | DET | L--NSM- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 12 Ἀλφειός | det | high | |
| 12 | Ἀλφειός | Ἀλφειός | PROPN | N---NSM- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 9 ποταμός | appos | high | Proper-name apposition identifying the river. |
| 13 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 10 ἐστιν | punct | high |
τούτου τὸ ὕδωρ ἄρχεται μὲν ἐν Φυλάκῃ, κάτεισι δὲ οὐ πόρρω τῆς πηγῆς καὶ ἄλλο ὕδωρ ἐς αὐτὸν ἀπὸ πηγῶν μεγέθει μὲν οὐ μεγάλων, πλεόνων δὲ ἀριθμόν· καὶ διὰ τοῦτο τῷ χωρίῳ Σύμβολα γέγονεν ὄνομα.
The sentence has coordinated predicates ἄρχεται/κάτεισι with shared subject τὸ ὕδωρ; ἄλλο ὕδωρ is coordinated as a further subject-like nominative of κάτεισι, while πλεόνων ἀριθμόν is an idiomatic accusative of measure/extent. In the final clause, τῷ χωρίῳ is dative of naming/result and Σύμβολα is the nominative predicate/name.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | τούτου | οὗτος | PRON | PD | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Dem | 3 ὕδωρ | nmod | high | |
| 2 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | DA | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 3 ὕδωρ | det | high | |
| 3 | ὕδωρ | ὕδωρ | NOUN | NA | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 4 ἄρχεται | nsubj | high | |
| 4 | ἄρχεται | ἄρχομαι | VERB | V3SPMI | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | high | Deponent middle: 'begins'. |
| 5 | μὲν | μέν | PART | X | _ | 4 ἄρχεται | discourse | high | |
| 6 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | R | _ | 7 Φυλάκῃ | case | high | |
| 7 | Φυλάκῃ | Φυλάκη | PROPN | NDF | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 4 ἄρχεται | obl | high | |
| 8 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 4 ἄρχεται | punct | high | |
| 9 | κάτεισι | κάτειμι | VERB | V3SPAI | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 4 ἄρχεται | conj | high | |
| 10 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C | _ | 9 κάτεισι | cc | high | |
| 11 | οὐ | οὐ | PART | D | Polarity=Neg | 12 πόρρω | advmod | high | |
| 12 | πόρρω | πόρρω | ADV | D | _ | 9 κάτεισι | advmod | high | |
| 13 | τῆς | ὁ | DET | DA | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 14 πηγῆς | det | high | |
| 14 | πηγῆς | πηγή | NOUN | NGF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 12 πόρρω | obl | high | Genitive of distance with πόρρω. |
| 15 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C | _ | 17 ὕδωρ | cc | high | |
| 16 | ἄλλο | ἄλλος | ADJ | A-S---NA- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 17 ὕδωρ | amod | high | |
| 17 | ὕδωρ | ὕδωρ | NOUN | NA | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 9 κάτεισι | conj | medium | Coordinated nominative subject-like phrase; alternatively appositional/additive subject under κάτεισι. |
| 18 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | R | _ | 19 αὐτὸν | case | high | |
| 19 | αὐτὸν | αὐτός | PRON | P-S---MA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Prs | 9 κάτεισι | obl | medium | Form is masculine accusative; likely refers to an understood masculine place/stream, not ὕδωρ. |
| 20 | ἀπὸ | ἀπό | ADP | R | _ | 21 πηγῶν | case | high | |
| 21 | πηγῶν | πηγή | NOUN | NGF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 19 αὐτὸν | obl | high | |
| 22 | μεγέθει | μέγεθος | NOUN | NDS | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 25 μεγάλων | obl | medium | Dative of respect/measure with μεγάλων. |
| 23 | μὲν | μέν | PART | X | _ | 25 μεγάλων | discourse | high | |
| 24 | οὐ | οὐ | PART | D | Polarity=Neg | 25 μεγάλων | advmod | high | |
| 25 | μεγάλων | μέγας | ADJ | A---GF-P | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 21 πηγῶν | amod | medium | Agrees with πηγῶν; μεγέθει supplies the respect in which the springs are not large. |
| 26 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 9 κάτεισι | punct | high | |
| 27 | πλεόνων | πολύς | ADJ | A---GF-P | Case=Gen|Degree=Cmp|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 29 ἀριθμόν | amod | medium | Comparative form, agreeing with an understood feminine plural such as πηγῶν; text's syntax is compressed. |
| 28 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C | _ | 27 πλεόνων | cc | high | |
| 29 | ἀριθμόν | ἀριθμός | NOUN | NAMA | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 9 κάτεισι | obl | medium | Accusative of measure/extent: 'greater in number'; governing relation is elliptical. |
| 30 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 4 ἄρχεται | punct | high | |
| 31 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C | _ | 37 γέγονεν | cc | high | |
| 32 | διὰ | διά | ADP | R | _ | 33 τοῦτο | case | high | |
| 33 | τοῦτο | οὗτος | PRON | PD | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Dem | 37 γέγονεν | obl | high | Prepositional causal phrase διά τοῦτο. |
| 34 | τῷ | ὁ | DET | DA | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 35 χωρίῳ | det | high | |
| 35 | χωρίῳ | χωρίον | NOUN | NDS | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 37 γέγονεν | iobj | high | Dative of the entity receiving a name. |
| 36 | Σύμβολα | σύμβολον | PROPN | NNA | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 38 ὄνομα | nsubj | medium | Place-name used as a nominative naming predicate; plural form retained. |
| 37 | γέγονεν | γίγνομαι | VERB | V3SRAI | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Perf|Voice=Act | 4 ἄρχεται | conj | high | Perfect of γίγνομαι, 'has become/come to be named'. |
| 38 | ὄνομα | ὄνομα | NOUN | NNA | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 37 γέγονεν | xcomp | medium | Predicate noun: τῷ χωρίῳ ... ὄνομα, 'the place has become a name'; alternative analyses attach it as a predicative complement of γέγονεν. |
| 39 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 37 γέγονεν | punct | high |