Pausanias Analysis - Grammar 8.54.3

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Passage 8.54.3

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2sentences parsed

65Greek tokens

1,822input tokens

4,799output tokens

Sentence 1

8.54.3 sentence 1

Tokens: 28
Input: 872
Output: 2,123
Total: 2,995

ἀνασχὼν δὲ ἔνθα Πηγὰς ὀνομάζουσιν οἱ Ἀρκάδες καὶ παρὰ γῆν τε τὴν Πισαίαν καὶ παρὰ Ὀλυμπίαν ἐξελθών, ἐκδίδωσιν ὑπὲρ Κυλλήνης ἐπινείου τοῦ Ἠλείων ἐς τὴν θάλασσαν.

The sentence describes a river: after rising at the place called Pēgai and passing by Pisa and Olympia, it flows into the sea above Cyllene, the harbor of the Eleans. The participles are coordinated adverbial predicates; ἐκδίδωσιν is the finite root. ὑπέρ with genitive is locative ('above').

#	Form	Lemma	UPOS	XPOS	Features	Head	DepRel	Conf.	Note
1	ἀνασχὼν	ἀνέχω	VERB	V-2AAP-NSM	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Mood=Participle\|Number=Sing\|Tense=Aorist\|Voice=Active	19 ἐκδίδωσιν	advcl	high	Aorist active participle, coordinated with ἐξελθών; subject is implicit river.
2	δὲ	δέ	CCONJ	CONJ	_	1 ἀνασχὼν	cc	high	Postpositive connective.
3	ἔνθα	ἔνθα	ADV	ADV	_	1 ἀνασχὼν	advmod	high	Locative adverb modifying ἀνασχών.
4	Πηγὰς	πηγή	NOUN	N-APF	Case=Acc\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Plur	5 ὀνομάζουσιν	obj	high	Place-name common noun, object of ὀνομάζουσιν.
5	ὀνομάζουσιν	ὀνομάζω	VERB	V-PAI-3P	Mood=Indicative\|Number=Plur\|Person=3\|Tense=Pres\|Voice=Active	1 ἀνασχὼν	ccomp	high	Relative-like finite clause under the locative setting; subject οἱ Ἀρκάδες.
6	οἱ	ὁ	DET	T-NPM	Case=Nom\|Definite=Def\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	7 Ἀρκάδες	det	high	Article with Ἀρκάδες.
7	Ἀρκάδες	Ἀρκάς	PROPN	N-NPM	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	5 ὀνομάζουσιν	nsubj	high	Arcadians, subject of ὀνομάζουσιν.
8	καὶ	καί	CCONJ	CONJ	_	17 ἐξελθών	cc	high	Coordinates the two aorist participles.
9	παρὰ	παρά	ADP	PREP	_	10 γῆν	case	high	With accusative, 'past/by'.
10	γῆν	γῆ	NOUN	N-ASF	Case=Acc\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	17 ἐξελθών	obl	high	Object of παρά.
11	τε	τε	CCONJ	CONJ	_	10 γῆν	cc	high	First member of τε ... καί coordination.
12	τὴν	ὁ	DET	T-ASF	Case=Acc\|Definite=Def\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	13 Πισαίαν	det	high	Article with Πισαίαν.
13	Πισαίαν	Πισαία	PROPN	N-ASF	Case=Acc\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	10 γῆν	appos	high	Pisa, apposition to γῆν.
14	καὶ	καί	CCONJ	CONJ	_	17 ἐξελθών	cc	high	Coordinates the second παρά phrase with the first.
15	παρὰ	παρά	ADP	PREP	_	16 Ὀλυμπίαν	case	high	With accusative, 'past/by'.
16	Ὀλυμπίαν	Ὀλυμπία	PROPN	N-ASF	Case=Acc\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	17 ἐξελθών	obl	high	Olympia, object of παρά.
17	ἐξελθών	ἐξέρχομαι	VERB	V-2AAP-NSM	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Mood=Participle\|Number=Sing\|Tense=Aorist\|Voice=Active	19 ἐκδίδωσιν	advcl	high	Aorist active participle, coordinated with ἀνασχών; παρά phrases modify it.
18	,	,	PUNCT	_	_	19 ἐκδίδωσιν	punct	high
19	ἐκδίδωσιν	ἐκδίδωμι	VERB	V-PAI-3S	Mood=Indicative\|Number=Sing\|Person=3\|Tense=Pres\|Voice=Active	0 ROOT	root	high	Finite predicate, 'flows/emerges into'.
20	ὑπὲρ	ὑπέρ	ADP	PREP	_	21 Κυλλήνης	case	high	With genitive, locative 'above/beyond'.
21	Κυλλήνης	Κυλλήνη	PROPN	N-GSF	Case=Gen\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	19 ἐκδίδωσιν	obl	high	Genitive object of ὑπέρ.
22	ἐπινείου	ἐπίνειον	NOUN	N-GSN	Case=Gen\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	21 Κυλλήνης	appos	high	Appositional explanation: 'harbor' of Cyllene.
23	τοῦ	ὁ	DET	T-GSM	Case=Gen\|Definite=Def\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	24 Ἠλείων	det	high	Article with Ἠλείων.
24	Ἠλείων	Ἠλεῖος	PROPN	N-GPM	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	22 ἐπινείου	nmod	high	Genitive of possession: harbor of the Eleans.
25	ἐς	εἰς	ADP	PREP	_	27 θάλασσαν	case	high	Introduces destination.
26	τὴν	ὁ	DET	T-ASF	Case=Acc\|Definite=Def\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	27 θάλασσαν	det	high	Article with θάλασσαν.
27	θάλασσαν	θάλασσα	NOUN	N-ASF	Case=Acc\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	19 ἐκδίδωσιν	obl	high	Destination object of ἐς.
28	.	.	PUNCT	_	_	19 ἐκδίδωσιν	punct	high

Sentence 2

8.54.3 sentence 2

Tokens: 37
Input: 950
Output: 2,676
Total: 3,626

ἔμελλε δὲ ἄρα μηδὲ Ἀδρίας ἐπισχήσειν αὐτὸν τοῦ πρόσω· διανηξάμενος δὲ καὶ τοῦτον, μέγα οὕτω καὶ βίαιον πέλαγος, ἐν Ὀρτυγίᾳ τῇ πρὸ Συρακουσῶν ἐπιδείκνυσιν Ἀλφειός τε ὢν καὶ πρὸς Ἀρέθουσαν τὸ ὕδωρ ἀνακοινούμενος.

The sentence has an initial infinitival complement of ἔμελλε, followed by a participial clause whose subject is the understood Ἀλφειός; ἐπιδείκνυσιν takes πέλαγος as its object and the locative ἐν-phrase as its setting. The participles ὢν and ἀνακοινούμενος are coordinated predicates describing the river. The exact scope of τοῦ πρόσω is somewhat uncertain.

#	Form	Lemma	UPOS	XPOS	Features	Head	DepRel	Conf.	Note
1	ἔμελλε	μέλλω	VERB	V-IAI-3S	Mood=Indicative\|Number=Sing\|Person=3\|Tense=Imperfect\|Voice=Active	0 ROOT	root	high
2	δὲ	δέ	CCONJ	--------	_	1 ἔμελλε	cc	high
3	ἄρα	ἄρα	ADV	--------	_	1 ἔμελλε	advmod	high
4	μηδὲ	μηδέ	CCONJ	--------	_	6 ἐπισχήσειν	cc	medium	Negative coordination with the infinitive; may also be analyzed as an adverbial negative.
5	Ἀδρίας	Ἀδρίας	PROPN	N-----NM-S	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	6 ἐπισχήσειν	nsubj	high	Subject of the future infinitive.
6	ἐπισχήσειν	ἐπέχω	VERB	V-FAI	Mood=Infinitive\|Tense=Future\|Voice=Active	1 ἔμελλε	xcomp	high
7	αὐτὸν	αὐτός	PRON	P-----AM-S	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing\|PronType=Prs	6 ἐπισχήσειν	obj	high	Object of ἐπισχήσειν.
8	τοῦ	ὁ	DET	L-GSM	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing\|PronType=Art	9 πρόσω	det	high
9	πρόσω	πρόσω	ADV	--------	_	6 ἐπισχήσειν	advmod	medium	Adverbial phrase with τοῦ; idiomatic directional/temporal sense is uncertain.
10	·	·	PUNCT	_	_	1 ἔμελλε	punct	high
11	διανηξάμενος	διανήχομαι	VERB	V-AAP-NMS	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Mood=Participle\|Number=Sing\|Tense=Aorist\|Voice=Active	27 ἐπιδείκνυσιν	advcl	high	Aorist circumstantial participle, with understood subject Ἀλφειός.
12	δὲ	δέ	CCONJ	--------	_	11 διανηξάμενος	cc	high
13	καὶ	καί	CCONJ	--------	_	14 τοῦτον	cc	high
14	τοῦτον	οὗτος	PRON	P-----AM-S	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing\|PronType=Dem	11 διανηξάμενος	obj	high	Object of διανηξάμενος, referring to the intervening sea.
15	,	,	PUNCT	_	_	11 διανηξάμενος	punct	high
16	μέγα	μέγας	ADJ	A-----NSN	Case=Nom\|Degree=Pos\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	20 πέλαγος	amod	high	Neuter adjective agreeing with πέλαγος.
17	οὕτω	οὕτως	ADV	--------	_	16 μέγα	advmod	high
18	καὶ	καί	CCONJ	--------	_	19 βίαιον	cc	high	Coordinates βίαιον with μέγα.
19	βίαιον	βίαιος	ADJ	A-----NSN	Case=Nom\|Degree=Pos\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	20 πέλαγος	amod	high	Neuter adjective agreeing with πέλαγος.
20	πέλαγος	πέλαγος	NOUN	N-----NSN	Case=Nom\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	11 διανηξάμενος	obj	medium	Object of the participle; alternatively treated as an appositional/predicative description of τοῦτον.
21	,	,	PUNCT	_	_	20 πέλαγος	punct	high
22	ἐν	ἐν	ADP	R--------	_	23 Ὀρτυγίᾳ	case	high
23	Ὀρτυγίᾳ	Ὀρτυγία	PROPN	N-----DSF	Case=Dat\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	27 ἐπιδείκνυσιν	obl	high	Locative setting.
24	τῇ	ὁ	DET	L-DSF	Case=Dat\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing\|PronType=Art	23 Ὀρτυγίᾳ	det	high
25	πρὸ	πρό	ADP	R--------	_	26 Συρακουσῶν	case	high
26	Συρακουσῶν	Συράκουσαι	PROPN	N-----GPF	Case=Gen\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Plur	23 Ὀρτυγίᾳ	nmod	high	Genitive complement of πρό.
27	ἐπιδείκνυσιν	ἐπιδείκνυμι	VERB	V-PAI-3S	Mood=Indicative\|Number=Sing\|Person=3\|Tense=Present\|Voice=Active	0 ROOT	root	high	Main finite verb of the second clause; coordination with the first clause is punctuation-level.
28	Ἀλφειός	Ἀλφειός	PROPN	N-----NM-S	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	27 ἐπιδείκνυσιν	nsubj	high	Subject of ἐπιδείκνυσιν and the following participles.
29	τε	τε	CCONJ	--------	_	30 ὢν	cc	high
30	ὢν	εἰμί	AUX	V-PAP-NMS	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Mood=Participle\|Number=Sing\|Tense=Present\|Voice=Active	27 ἐπιδείκνυσιν	advcl	high	Predicative participle, coordinated with ἀνακοινούμενος.
31	καὶ	καί	CCONJ	--------	_	36 ἀνακοινούμενος	cc	high
32	πρὸς	πρός	ADP	R--------	_	33 Ἀρέθουσαν	case	high
33	Ἀρέθουσαν	Ἀρέθουσα	PROPN	N-----ASF	Case=Acc\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	36 ἀνακοινούμενος	obl	high	Goal/addressee complement of ἀνακοινούμενος.
34	τὸ	ὁ	DET	L-NSN	Case=Nom\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing\|PronType=Art	35 ὕδωρ	det	high
35	ὕδωρ	ὕδωρ	NOUN	N-----NSN	Case=Nom\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	36 ἀνακοινούμενος	nsubj	medium	Likely subject/theme of ἀνακοινούμενος; an accusative object analysis is also possible depending on the verb's valency.
36	ἀνακοινούμενος	ἀνακοινόω	VERB	V-PMP-NMS	Case=Nom\|Gender=Masc\|Mood=Participle\|Number=Sing\|Tense=Present\|Voice=Middle	27 ἐπιδείκνυσιν	advcl	high	Middle participle coordinated with ὢν; subject is Ἀλφειός.
37	.	.	PUNCT	_	_	27 ἐπιδείκνυσιν	punct	high

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