Pausanias Analysis - Grammar 8.6.2

← 8.6.1 8.6.3 →

Passage 8.6.2

Open translation for this passage

3sentences parsed

80Greek tokens

2,514input tokens

5,708output tokens

Sentence 1

8.6.2 sentence 1

Tokens: 30
Input: 863
Output: 2,231
Total: 3,094

Λακεδαιμονίοις δὲ ἀνάγκῃ πλέον καὶ οὐ μετʼ εὐνοίας ἐπί τε Ἀθηναίους συνεστρατεύσαντο καὶ ἐς τὴν Ἀσίαν μετὰ Ἀγησιλάου διέβησαν, καὶ δὴ καὶ ἐς Λεῦκτρα αὐτοῖς τὰ Βοιωτικὰ ἠκολούθησαν.

The first clause has Λακεδαιμονίοις as a dative experiencer/agent with ἀνάγκῃ and πλέον; συνεστρατεύσαντο and διέβησαν are coordinated finite verbs, while ἠκολούθησαν takes τὰ Βοιωτικά as its subject and αὐτοῖς as a dative of association/reference. The idiom ἐπὶ Ἀθηναίους συνεστρατεύσαντο means ‘they campaigned with/against the Athenians’ (here with the Athenians’ side or against them is context-dependent).

#	Form	Lemma	UPOS	XPOS	Features	Head	DepRel	Conf.	Note
1	Λακεδαιμονίοις	Λακεδαιμόνιος	PROPN	A-DatPl	Case=Dat\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	12 συνεστρατεύσαντο	obl	high	Dative of agent/association with the finite verb.
2	δὲ	δέ	CCONJ	CONJ	_	12 συνεστρατεύσαντο	cc	high
3	ἀνάγκῃ	ἀνάγκη	NOUN	N-DatS-F	Case=Dat\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	12 συνεστρατεύσαντο	obl	high	Dative of necessity/compulsion.
4	πλέον	πλέον	ADV	ADV	_	12 συνεστρατεύσαντο	advmod	medium	Adverbial comparative, ‘rather/more’; exact scope is elliptical.
5	καὶ	καί	CCONJ	CONJ	_	12 συνεστρατεύσαντο	cc	high
6	οὐ	οὐ	PART	PART	_	12 συνεστρατεύσαντο	advmod	high	Negates the following prepositional phrase/predicate.
7	μετʼ	μετά	ADP	PREP	_	8 εὐνοίας	case	high	Elided form μετὰ before a vowel.
8	εὐνοίας	εὔνοια	NOUN	N-GenS-F	Case=Gen\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	12 συνεστρατεύσαντο	obl	high	Genitive governed by μετά; ‘with goodwill/favor’.
9	ἐπί	ἐπί	ADP	PREP	_	11 Ἀθηναίους	case	high	Preposition governing accusative.
10	τε	τε	CCONJ	CONJ	_	12 συνεστρατεύσαντο	cc	high	Correlative enclitic coordinating the first campaign phrase.
11	Ἀθηναίους	Ἀθηναῖος	PROPN	A-AccPl	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	12 συνεστρατεύσαντο	obl	high	Accusative governed by ἐπί.
12	συνεστρατεύσαντο	συστρατεύω	VERB	V-AorInd-Med-3Pl	Mood=Ind\|Number=Plur\|Person=3\|Tense=Past\|VerbForm=Fin\|Voice=Mid	0 ROOT	root	high	First coordinated finite predicate.
13	καὶ	καί	CCONJ	CONJ	_	19 διέβησαν	cc	high	Coordinates the second finite verb.
14	ἐς	εἰς	ADP	PREP	_	16 Ἀσίαν	case	high	Variant form of εἰς, governing accusative.
15	τὴν	ὁ	DET	T-AccS-F	Case=Acc\|Definite=Def\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	16 Ἀσίαν	det	high
16	Ἀσίαν	Ἀσία	PROPN	N-AccS-F	Case=Acc\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	19 διέβησαν	obl	high	Goal/destination.
17	μετὰ	μετά	ADP	PREP	_	18 Ἀγησιλάου	case	high	Preposition governing genitive.
18	Ἀγησιλάου	Ἀγησίλαος	PROPN	N-GenS-M	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	19 διέβησαν	obl	high	Genitive of accompaniment with μετά.
19	διέβησαν	διαβαίνω	VERB	V-AorAct-Ind-3Pl	Mood=Ind\|Number=Plur\|Person=3\|Tense=Past\|VerbForm=Fin\|Voice=Act	12 συνεστρατεύσαντο	conj	high	Second coordinated finite predicate.
20	,	,	PUNCT	PUNCT	_	19 διέβησαν	punct	high
21	καὶ	καί	CCONJ	CONJ	_	29 ἠκολούθησαν	cc	high	Introduces the final coordinated predicate.
22	δὴ	δή	PART	PART	_	29 ἠκολούθησαν	advmod	high	Emphatic particle.
23	καὶ	καί	CCONJ	CONJ	_	29 ἠκολούθησαν	cc	high	Part of καὶ δή καί, adding emphasis.
24	ἐς	εἰς	ADP	PREP	_	25 Λεῦκτρα	case	high	Variant form of εἰς, governing accusative.
25	Λεῦκτρα	Λεῦκτρα	PROPN	N-AccPl-Neut	Case=Acc\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Plur	29 ἠκολούθησαν	obl	high	Place-name in the accusative after εἰς.
26	αὐτοῖς	αὐτός	PRON	P-DatPl-M	Case=Dat\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur\|PronType=Prs	29 ἠκολούθησαν	obl	medium	Dative of reference/association; antecedent is the Lacedaemonians.
27	τὰ	ὁ	DET	T-AccPl-Neut	Case=Acc\|Definite=Def\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Plur	28 Βοιωτικὰ	det	high
28	Βοιωτικὰ	Βοιωτικός	NOUN	A-AccPl-Neut	Case=Acc\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Plur	29 ἠκολούθησαν	obj	medium	Substantivized adjective, ‘the Boeotian events/affairs’; accusative analysis follows the transmitted construction, though a nominative subject reading is syntactically possible in context.
29	ἠκολούθησαν	ἀκολουθέω	VERB	V-AorAct-Ind-3Pl	Mood=Ind\|Number=Plur\|Person=3\|Tense=Past\|VerbForm=Fin\|Voice=Act	19 διέβησαν	conj	high	Final coordinated finite predicate; its plural subject is understood/contextual or represented by the substantivized phrase τὰ Βοιωτικά.
30	.	.	PUNCT	PUNCT	_	29 ἠκολούθησαν	punct	high

Sentence 2

8.6.2 sentence 2

Tokens: 25
Input: 820
Output: 1,760
Total: 2,580

τὸ δὲ ὕποπτον τὸ ἐς τοὺς Λακεδαιμονίους ἀλλαχοῦ τε ἐπεδείξαντο καὶ μετὰ τὸ ἀτύχημα Λακεδαιμονίων τὸ ἐν Λεύκτροις παρὰ Θηβαίους αὐτίκα ἀπʼ αὐτῶν μετέστησαν.

The substantivized ὕποπτον is the shared accusative object/theme: they displayed the suspicion elsewhere and immediately shifted from the Lacedaemonians to the Thebans after the disaster at Leuctra.

#	Form	Lemma	UPOS	XPOS	Features	Head	DepRel	Conf.	Note
1	τὸ	ὁ	DET	T-NSN	Case=Nom\|Definite=Def\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	3 ὕποπτον	det	high
2	δὲ	δέ	CCONJ	C	_	24 μετέστησαν	cc	high	Postpositive connective.
3	ὕποπτον	ὕποπτος	ADJ	A-NSN	Case=Nom\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	10 ἐπεδείξαντο	obj	medium	Substantivized neuter adjective, object of ἐπεδείξαντο and coordinated predicate of μετέστησαν.
4	τὸ	ὁ	DET	T-ASN	Case=Acc\|Definite=Def\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	3 ὕποπτον	det	high
5	ἐς	εἰς	ADP	P	_	7 Λακεδαιμονίους	case	high
6	τοὺς	ὁ	DET	T-APM	Case=Acc\|Definite=Def\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	7 Λακεδαιμονίους	det	high
7	Λακεδαιμονίους	Λακεδαιμόνιος	PROPN	A-APM	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	3 ὕποπτον	nmod	high	Object of the preposition ἐς; phrase specifies the suspicion.
8	ἀλλαχοῦ	ἀλλαχοῦ	ADV	D	_	10 ἐπεδείξαντο	advmod	high
9	τε	τε	CCONJ	C	_	10 ἐπεδείξαντο	cc	high	Correlative τε with καί.
10	ἐπεδείξαντο	ἐπιδείκνυμι	VERB	V-AMI-3P	Mood=Ind\|Number=Plur\|Person=3\|Tense=Aor\|Voice=Mid	0 ROOT	root	high	First coordinated finite verb; subject is implicit third-person plural.
11	καὶ	καί	CCONJ	C	_	24 μετέστησαν	cc	high	Coordinates the second finite verb.
12	μετὰ	μετά	ADP	P	_	14 ἀτύχημα	case	high
13	τὸ	ὁ	DET	T-ASN	Case=Acc\|Definite=Def\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	14 ἀτύχημα	det	high
14	ἀτύχημα	ἀτύχημα	NOUN	N-ASN	Case=Acc\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	24 μετέστησαν	obl	high	Object of μετά, temporal circumstance.
15	Λακεδαιμονίων	Λακεδαιμόνιος	PROPN	A-GPM	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	14 ἀτύχημα	nmod	high	Genitive dependent on ἀτύχημα.
16	τὸ	ὁ	DET	T-NSN	Case=Nom\|Definite=Def\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Sing	18 Λεύκτροις	det	high	Article with locative phrase, substantivizing the event specification.
17	ἐν	ἐν	ADP	P	_	18 Λεύκτροις	case	high
18	Λεύκτροις	Λεῦκτρα	PROPN	N-DPN	Case=Dat\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Plur	14 ἀτύχημα	nmod	high	Locative specification of the misfortune at Leuctra.
19	παρὰ	παρά	ADP	P	_	20 Θηβαίους	case	high
20	Θηβαίους	Θηβαῖος	PROPN	A-APM	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	24 μετέστησαν	obl	high	With παρά and accusative: to/over to the Thebans.
21	αὐτίκα	αὐτίκα	ADV	D	_	24 μετέστησαν	advmod	high
22	ἀπʼ	ἀπό	ADP	P	_	23 αὐτῶν	case	high	Elided form of ἀπό.
23	αὐτῶν	αὐτός	PRON	P-GPM	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur\|PronType=Prs	24 μετέστησαν	obl	high	Object of ἀπό; refers to the Lacedaemonians.
24	μετέστησαν	μεθίστημι	VERB	V-AAI-3P	Mood=Ind\|Number=Plur\|Person=3\|Tense=Aor\|Voice=Act	10 ἐπεδείξαντο	conj	high	Second coordinated finite verb; subject implicit and shared with ἐπεδείξαντο.
25	.	.	PUNCT	_	_	10 ἐπεδείξαντο	punct	high

Sentence 3

8.6.2 sentence 3

Tokens: 25
Input: 831
Output: 1,717
Total: 2,548

Φιλίππῳ δὲ καὶ Μακεδόσιν ἐν Χαιρωνείᾳ καὶ ὕστερον ἐν Θεσσαλίᾳ πρὸς Ἀντίπατρον οὐκ ἐμαχέσαντο μετὰ Ἑλλήνων, οὐ μὴν οὐδὲ τοῖς Ἕλλησιν ἐναντία ἐτάξαντο.

The sentence contrasts not fighting with Philip and the Macedonians alongside Greeks with not arraying themselves against the Greeks; the two aorist middle predicates share an understood third-plural subject.

#	Form	Lemma	UPOS	XPOS	Features	Head	DepRel	Conf.	Note
1	Φιλίππῳ	Φίλιππος	PROPN	N-d---	Case=Dat\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	14 ἐμαχέσαντο	obl	high	Dative of association/opponent with the passive-in-form verbal predicate.
2	δὲ	δέ	CCONJ	C---------	_	14 ἐμαχέσαντο	cc	high
3	καὶ	καί	CCONJ	C---------	_	4 Μακεδόσιν	cc	high
4	Μακεδόσιν	Μακεδών	PROPN	N-d---	Case=Dat\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	14 ἐμαχέσαντο	obl	high	Dative plural, coordinated with Φιλίππῳ.
5	ἐν	ἐν	ADP	R---------	_	6 Χαιρωνείᾳ	case	high
6	Χαιρωνείᾳ	Χαιρώνεια	PROPN	N-d---	Case=Dat\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	14 ἐμαχέσαντο	obl	high	Locative ἐν-phrase.
7	καὶ	καί	CCONJ	C---------	_	8 ὕστερον	cc	high
8	ὕστερον	ὕστερον	ADV	D---------	_	14 ἐμαχέσαντο	advmod	high	Temporal adverb.
9	ἐν	ἐν	ADP	R---------	_	10 Θεσσαλίᾳ	case	high
10	Θεσσαλίᾳ	Θεσσαλία	PROPN	N-d---	Case=Dat\|Gender=Fem\|Number=Sing	14 ἐμαχέσαντο	obl	high	Second locative ἐν-phrase.
11	πρὸς	πρός	ADP	R---------	_	12 Ἀντίπατρον	case	high
12	Ἀντίπατρον	Ἀντίπατρος	PROPN	N-ams---	Case=Acc\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Sing	14 ἐμαχέσαντο	obl	high	πρός with accusative, indicating the opposing side.
13	οὐκ	οὐ	PART	D---------	Polarity=Neg	14 ἐμαχέσαντο	advmod	high
14	ἐμαχέσαντο	μάχομαι	VERB	V3paim---	Mood=Ind\|Number=Plur\|Person=3\|Tense=Aor\|Voice=Mid	0 ROOT	root	high	Aorist middle, 3rd plural; subject is understood from context.
15	μετὰ	μετά	ADP	R---------	_	16 Ἑλλήνων	case	high
16	Ἑλλήνων	Ἕλλην	PROPN	N-g---	Case=Gen\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	14 ἐμαχέσαντο	obl	high	μετά with genitive, 'with the Greeks'.
17	,	,	PUNCT	_	_	14 ἐμαχέσαντο	punct	high
18	οὐ	οὐ	PART	D---------	Polarity=Neg	24 ἐτάξαντο	advmod	high	Part of the emphatic οὐ μὴν οὐδὲ connective sequence.
19	μὴν	μήν	PART	D---------	_	24 ἐτάξαντο	advmod	medium	Adversative/emphatic particle in οὐ μὴν οὐδὲ.
20	οὐδὲ	οὐδέ	CCONJ	C---------	Polarity=Neg	24 ἐτάξαντο	cc	high	Coordinates the second negative clause with the first.
21	τοῖς	ὁ	DET	S---dmp-	Case=Dat\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur\|PronType=Art	22 Ἕλλησιν	det	high
22	Ἕλλησιν	Ἕλλην	PROPN	N-d---	Case=Dat\|Gender=Masc\|Number=Plur	24 ἐτάξαντο	obl	high	Dative of opposition/against whom they did not array themselves.
23	ἐναντία	ἐναντίος	ADJ	A----na-	Case=Acc\|Gender=Neut\|Number=Plur	24 ἐτάξαντο	obj	medium	Substantivized neuter plural accusative, 'opposing things/forces'; could be analyzed adverbially.
24	ἐτάξαντο	τάσσω	VERB	V3pami---	Mood=Ind\|Number=Plur\|Person=3\|Tense=Aor\|Voice=Mid	14 ἐμαχέσαντο	conj	high	Coordinated second finite predicate; subject understood as in the first clause.
25	.	.	PUNCT	_	_	14 ἐμαχέσαντο	punct	high

← 8.6.1 8.6.3 →