Grammar parses for passage 8.6.3
Open translation for this passage
πρὸς Γαλάτας δὲ τοῦ ἐν Θερμοπύλαις κινδύνου φασὶ Λακεδαιμονίων ἕνεκα οὐ μετασχεῖν, ἵνα μή σφισιν οἱ Λακεδαιμόνιοι κακουργοῖεν τὴν γῆν ἀπόντων τῶν ἐν ἡλικίᾳ·
Main clause with reported speech introduced by φασί; ἕνεκα + genitive marks cause, and the ἵνα μή clause gives purpose with an optative in indirect discourse.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | πρὸς | πρός | ADP | _ | _ | 2 Γαλάτας | case | high | Preposition governing Γαλάτας. |
| 2 | Γαλάτας | Γαλάτης | NOUN | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 12 μετασχεῖν | obl | medium | Likely governed by μετασχεῖν with πρὸς as preposition. |
| 3 | δὲ | δέ | PART | _ | _ | 8 φασὶ | discourse | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 4 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 7 κινδύνου | det | high | Article of κινδύνου. |
| 5 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | _ | _ | 7 κινδύνου | case | high | Preposition introducing locative phrase. |
| 6 | Θερμοπύλαις | Θερμοπύλαι | PROPN | _ | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 7 κινδύνου | obl | high | Object of ἐν. |
| 7 | κινδύνου | κίνδυνος | NOUN | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 9 Λακεδαιμονίων | nmod | medium | Attributive genitive with ἕνεκα; structure slightly uncertain. |
| 8 | φασὶ | φημί | VERB | _ | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main reporting verb. |
| 9 | Λακεδαιμονίων | Λακεδαιμόνιος | ADJ | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 10 ἕνεκα | nmod | high | Genitive dependent of ἕνεκα. |
| 10 | ἕνεκα | ἕνεκα | ADP | _ | _ | 12 μετασχεῖν | mark | high | Postposition governing genitive. |
| 11 | οὐ | οὐ | PART | _ | _ | 12 μετασχεῖν | advmod | high | Negates infinitive. |
| 12 | μετασχεῖν | μετέχω | VERB | _ | Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act | 8 φασὶ | ccomp | high | Complement of φασί. |
| 13 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 8 φασὶ | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 14 | ἵνα | ἵνα | SCONJ | _ | _ | 19 κακουργοῖεν | mark | high | Introduces purpose clause. |
| 15 | μή | μή | PART | _ | _ | 19 κακουργοῖεν | advmod | high | Negates subjunctive/optative in purpose clause. |
| 16 | σφισιν | σφεῖς | PRON | _ | Case=Dat|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs | 19 κακουργοῖεν | iobj | high | Dative of disadvantage. |
| 17 | οἱ | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 18 Λακεδαιμόνιοι | det | high | Article with Λακεδαιμόνιοι. |
| 18 | Λακεδαιμόνιοι | Λακεδαιμόνιος | PROPN | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 19 κακουργοῖεν | nsubj | high | Subject of κακουργοῖεν. |
| 19 | κακουργοῖεν | κακουργέω | VERB | _ | Mood=Opt|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 12 μετασχεῖν | advcl | high | Optative in indirect purpose clause. |
| 20 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 21 γῆν | det | high | Article with γῆν. |
| 21 | γῆν | γῆ | NOUN | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 19 κακουργοῖεν | obj | high | Direct object of κακουργοῖεν. |
| 22 | ἀπόντων | ἄπειμι | VERB | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 25 ἡλικίᾳ | amod | medium | Genitive absolute participle modifying τῶν ἐν ἡλικίᾳ. |
| 23 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 25 ἡλικίᾳ | det | high | Article with ἐν ἡλικίᾳ. |
| 24 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | _ | _ | 25 ἡλικίᾳ | case | high | Preposition. |
| 25 | ἡλικίᾳ | ἡλικία | NOUN | _ | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 22 ἀπόντων | obl | medium | Within the genitive absolute phrase. |
| 26 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 8 φασὶ | punct | high | Punctuation. |
συνεδρίου δὲ τῶν Ἀχαιῶν μετέσχον οἱ Ἀρκάδες προθυμότατα Ἑλλήνων.
The main syntactic question is the genitive dependency of συνεδρίου τῶν Ἀχαιῶν and whether Ἑλλήνων is best treated as a partitive complement of μετέσχον.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | συνεδρίου | συνέδριον | NOUN | N-SG-NN | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 5 μετέσχον | obl | high | Genitive dependent of μετέσχον, likely partitive. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | PART | D | _ | 5 μετέσχον | discourse | high | Postpositive connective particle. |
| 3 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | L-AP-GP | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 4 Ἀχαιῶν | det | high | Article modifying Ἀχαιῶν. |
| 4 | Ἀχαιῶν | Ἀχαιός | PROPN | N-PG-MP | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 1 συνεδρίου | nmod | high | Genitive modifier of συνεδρίου. |
| 5 | μετέσχον | μετέχω | VERB | V-AAI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Finite main verb. |
| 6 | οἱ | ὁ | DET | L-AP-NM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 7 Ἀρκάδες | det | high | Article with Ἀρκάδες. |
| 7 | Ἀρκάδες | Ἀρκάς | PROPN | N-PM-MP | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 5 μετέσχον | nsubj | high | Subject of μετέσχον. |
| 8 | προθυμότατα | προθύμως | ADV | D | Degree=Sup | 5 μετέσχον | advmod | high | Superlative adverb modifying the verb. |
| 9 | Ἑλλήνων | Ἕλλην | NOUN | N-PG-MP | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 5 μετέσχον | obl | medium | Likely partitive genitive with μετέσχον; could also be loosely appositional in sense. |
| 10 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 5 μετέσχον | punct | high | Sentence punctuation. |
ὁπόσα δὲ αὐτοῖς οὐχὶ ἐν κοινῷ, κατὰ πόλεις δὲ ἰδίᾳ συμβεβηκότα εὕρισκον, ἀποθησόμεθα αὐτῶν ἕκαστον ἐς τὸ οἰκεῖον τοῦ λόγου.
The clause contains two coordinated/main predications: an imperfect εὕρισκον and a future ἀποθησόμεθα; ὁπόσα is taken as the object of εὕρισκον, while the final prepositional phrase depends on ἀποθησόμεθα.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ὁπόσα | ὁπόσος | PRON | Pk-p---na- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 13 εὕρισκον | obj | high | Relative-correlative neuter plural, functioning as object of εὕρισκον. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | PART | G-------- | _ | 13 εὕρισκον | discourse | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | αὐτοῖς | αὐτός | PRON | Pp-p---md- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs | 13 εὕρισκον | iobj | medium | Dative of reference/possession with συμβεβηκότα or εὕρισκον; syntactic attachment is somewhat uncertain. |
| 4 | οὐχὶ | οὐ | PART | D-------- | _ | 13 εὕρισκον | advmod | high | Negative particle modifying the following prepositional phrase. |
| 5 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | R-------- | _ | 6 κοινῷ | case | high | Preposition governing dative. |
| 6 | κοινῷ | κοινός | ADJ | A-s---md- | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 13 εὕρισκον | obl | high | Dative object of ἐν. |
| 7 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 13 εὕρισκον | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 8 | κατὰ | κατά | ADP | R-------- | _ | 9 πόλεις | case | high | Preposition governing accusative. |
| 9 | πόλεις | πόλις | NOUN | N-p---fa- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 13 εὕρισκον | obl | high | Adverbial prepositional object with κατά. |
| 10 | δὲ | δέ | PART | G-------- | _ | 13 εὕρισκον | discourse | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 11 | ἰδίᾳ | ἴδιος | ADV | B-------- | _ | 13 εὕρισκον | advmod | high | Adverb meaning 'separately, privately'. |
| 12 | συμβεβηκότα | συμβαίνω | VERB | V-rcpana- | Aspect=Perf|Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur|Tense=Perf|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 13 εὕρισκον | xcomp | high | Perfect active participle modifying ὁπόσα. |
| 13 | εὕρισκον | εὑρίσκω | VERB | V-iaia-1p- | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Imp|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main verb; first-person plural future in context is unlikely, so taken as imperfect indicative 3pl/1pl? Best read as 1pl historic present/imperfect-like narrative usage. |
| 14 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 13 εὕρισκον | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 15 | ἀποθησόμεθα | ἀποτίθημι | VERB | V-ifsm1p- | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=1|Tense=Fut|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | high | Likely a second main clause with future middle first plural. |
| 16 | αὐτῶν | αὐτός | PRON | Pp-p---gn- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs | 17 ἕκαστον | nmod | high | Genitive dependent on ἕκαστον, likely partitive. |
| 17 | ἕκαστον | ἕκαστος | ADJ | A-s---ma- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 15 ἀποθησόμεθα | obj | high | Direct object of ἀποθησόμεθα. |
| 18 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | R-------- | _ | 20 οἰκεῖον | case | high | Preposition governing accusative. |
| 19 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | l-s---na- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 20 οἰκεῖον | det | high | Article modifying οἰκεῖον. |
| 20 | οἰκεῖον | οἰκεῖος | ADJ | A-s---na- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 15 ἀποθησόμεθα | obl | high | Object of ἐς, used substantivally. |
| 21 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | l-s---mg- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 22 λόγου | det | high | Article modifying λόγου. |
| 22 | λόγου | λόγος | NOUN | N-s---mg- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 20 οἰκεῖον | nmod | high | Genitive dependent on οἰκεῖον. |
| 23 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 15 ἀποθησόμεθα | punct | high | Punctuation. |