Grammar parses for passage 8.6.4
Open translation for this passage
εἰσὶν οὖν ἐς Ἀρκαδίαν ἐσβολαὶ κατὰ τὴν Ἀργείαν πρὸς μὲν Ὑσιῶν καὶ ὑπὲρ τὸ ὄρος τὸ Παρθένιον ἐς τὴν Τεγεατικήν, δύο δὲ ἄλλαι κατὰ Μαντίνειαν διά τε Πρίνου καλουμένης καὶ διὰ Κλίμακος.
Existential εἰσὶν takes ἐσβολαί as its predicate; the second route group (δύο ἄλλαι) coordinates with the first, while several place expressions are elliptically compressed.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | εἰσὶν | εἰμί | VERB | V-PAI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 5 ἐσβολαὶ | cop | high | Existential copula with predicate nominative. |
| 2 | οὖν | οὖν | ADV | ADV | _ | 5 ἐσβολαὶ | advmod | high | |
| 3 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | PREP | _ | 4 Ἀρκαδίαν | case | high | Variant form ἐς. |
| 4 | Ἀρκαδίαν | Ἀρκαδία | PROPN | N-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 5 ἐσβολαὶ | obl | high | Goal/location complement of ἐσβολαί. |
| 5 | ἐσβολαὶ | ἐσβολή | NOUN | N-NPF | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 0 ROOT | root | high | Predicate nominative in existential clause. |
| 6 | κατὰ | κατά | ADP | PREP | _ | 8 Ἀργείαν | case | high | With accusative, route along/toward Argive territory. |
| 7 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | T-ASF | Case=Acc|Definite=Def|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 8 Ἀργείαν | det | high | |
| 8 | Ἀργείαν | Ἀργεῖος | ADJ | A-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 5 ἐσβολαὶ | obl | medium | Substantivized feminine adjective, understood χώραν/γῆν. |
| 9 | πρὸς | πρός | ADP | PREP | _ | 11 Ὑσιῶν | case | high | |
| 10 | μὲν | μέν | PART | PART | _ | 11 Ὑσιῶν | discourse | high | Correlative μέν with later δέ. |
| 11 | Ὑσιῶν | Ὑσιαί | PROPN | N-GPF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 5 ἐσβολαὶ | obl | medium | Place-name in genitive after πρός; exact syntactic attachment is somewhat compressed. |
| 12 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 15 ὄρος | cc | high | |
| 13 | ὑπὲρ | ὑπέρ | ADP | PREP | _ | 15 ὄρος | case | high | With accusative, over/beyond the mountain. |
| 14 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | T-ASN | Case=Acc|Definite=Def|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 15 ὄρος | det | high | |
| 15 | ὄρος | ὄρος | NOUN | N-ASN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 5 ἐσβολαὶ | obl | high | |
| 16 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | T-ASN | Case=Acc|Definite=Def|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 17 Παρθένιον | det | high | |
| 17 | Παρθένιον | Παρθένιον | PROPN | N-ASN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 15 ὄρος | appos | high | Proper name appositional to ὄρος. |
| 18 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | PREP | _ | 20 Τεγεατικήν | case | high | Variant form ἐς. |
| 19 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | T-ASF | Case=Acc|Definite=Def|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 20 Τεγεατικήν | det | high | |
| 20 | Τεγεατικήν | Τεγεατικός | ADJ | A-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 15 ὄρος | obl | medium | Substantivized feminine adjective, understood χώραν/γῆν; parallel destination phrase. |
| 21 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 5 ἐσβολαὶ | punct | high | |
| 22 | δύο | δύο | NUM | N-NPF | Case=Nom|Number=Plur | 24 ἄλλαι | nummod | high | Numeral modifying ἄλλαι. |
| 23 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 24 ἄλλαι | cc | high | Correlative counterpart to μέν. |
| 24 | ἄλλαι | ἄλλος | ADJ | A-NPF | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 5 ἐσβολαὶ | conj | high | Second coordinated set of routes. |
| 25 | κατὰ | κατά | ADP | PREP | _ | 26 Μαντίνειαν | case | high | |
| 26 | Μαντίνειαν | Μαντίνεια | PROPN | N-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 24 ἄλλαι | obl | high | |
| 27 | διά | διά | ADP | PREP | _ | 29 Πρίνου | case | high | With genitive, by way of. |
| 28 | τε | τε | PART | PART | _ | 29 Πρίνου | cc | high | Postpositive coordinator in διά τε ... καὶ διὰ construction. |
| 29 | Πρίνου | Πρίνος | PROPN | N-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 24 ἄλλαι | obl | high | Place-name after διά. |
| 30 | καλουμένης | καλέω | VERB | V-PPP-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Mood=Part|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|Voice=Pass | 29 Πρίνου | acl | medium | Genitive participle agreeing with an implicit feminine noun/name; attachment is compressed. |
| 31 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 33 Κλίμακος | cc | high | |
| 32 | διὰ | διά | ADP | PREP | _ | 33 Κλίμακος | case | high | With genitive, by way of. |
| 33 | Κλίμακος | Κλίμαξ | PROPN | N-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 24 ἄλλαι | obl | high | Place-name after διά. |
| 34 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 5 ἐσβολαὶ | punct | high |
αὕτη δὲ εὐρυτέρα τέ ἐστι καὶ ἡ κάθοδος εἶχεν αὕτη βασμίδας ποτὲ ἐμπεποιημένας·
The sentence contains two coordinated predicates: αὕτη is the subject of ἐστι with εὐρυτέρα as predicate adjective, while a repeated αὕτη is the subject of εἶχεν; ἐμπεποιημένας agrees with βασμίδας as a perfect passive participial modifier. The coordination and punctuation are somewhat irregular, so attachment of τέ/καί is interpreted conservatively.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | αὕτη | οὗτος | PRON | DSF | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Dem | 5 ἐστι | nsubj | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 5 ἐστι | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | εὐρυτέρα | εὐρύς | ADJ | A-NSF-C | Case=Nom|Degree=Cmp|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 5 ἐστι | xcomp | high | Predicate adjective. |
| 4 | τέ | τε | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 6 καὶ | cc | medium | Correlative/enclitic coordinator; exact scope is uncertain. |
| 5 | ἐστι | εἰμί | AUX | V-PAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 6 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 9 εἶχεν | cc | medium | Coordinates the second predicate clause. |
| 7 | ἡ | ὁ | DET | T-NSF | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 8 κάθοδος | det | high | |
| 8 | κάθοδος | κάθοδος | NOUN | N-NSF | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 9 εἶχεν | nsubj | medium | The article-noun phrase may be read as a subject of εἶχεν, though the syntax is textually awkward. |
| 9 | εἶχεν | ἔχω | VERB | V-IAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Past|Voice=Act | 5 ἐστι | conj | high | |
| 10 | αὕτη | οὗτος | PRON | DSF | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Dem | 9 εἶχεν | nsubj | medium | Repeated demonstrative; may be emphatic or reflect a difficult textual construction. |
| 11 | βασμίδας | βασμίς | NOUN | N-APF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 9 εἶχεν | obj | high | |
| 12 | ποτὲ | ποτέ | ADV | D | _ | 13 ἐμπεποιημένας | advmod | high | |
| 13 | ἐμπεποιημένας | ἐμποιέω | VERB | V-RPP-APF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur|Tense=Perf|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass | 11 βασμίδας | amod | high | Perfect passive participle agreeing with βασμίδας. |
| 14 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 5 ἐστι | punct | high |
ὑπερβαλόντων δὲ τὴν Κλίμακα χωρίον ἐστὶν ὀνομαζόμενον Μελαγγεῖα, καὶ τὸ ὕδωρ αὐτόθεν τὸ πότιμον Μαντινεῦσι κάτεισιν ἐς τὴν πόλιν.
The opening genitive absolute (ὑπερβαλόντων δὲ τὴν Κλίμακα) is subordinate to the first clause; the second clause is coordinated by καὶ, with πότιμον analyzed as a substantivized accusative adjective.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ὑπερβαλόντων | ὑπερβαίνω | VERB | V--AAP-GPM | Case=Genitive|Gender=Masculine|Mood=Participle|Number=Plural|Tense=Aorist|Voice=Active | 5 χωρίον | advcl | high | Genitive absolute with δὲ; subject understood from the genitive participle. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | -------- | _ | 1 ὑπερβαλόντων | cc | high | |
| 3 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | RA----ASF- | Case=Accusative|Gender=Feminine|Number=Singular | 4 Κλίμακα | det | high | |
| 4 | Κλίμακα | Κλίμαξ | PROPN | N----ASF- | Case=Accusative|Gender=Feminine|Number=Singular | 1 ὑπερβαλόντων | obj | high | Place-name used as the object of ὑπερβαλόντων. |
| 5 | χωρίον | χωρίον | NOUN | N----NSN- | Case=Nominative|Gender=Neuter|Number=Singular | 6 ἐστὶν | nsubj | high | |
| 6 | ἐστὶν | εἰμί | VERB | V--PAI-3S- | Mood=Indicative|Number=Singular|Person=Third|Tense=Present|Voice=Active | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 7 | ὀνομαζόμενον | ὀνομάζω | VERB | V--PPN-NSN- | Case=Nominative|Gender=Neuter|Mood=Participle|Number=Singular|Tense=Present|Voice=Passive | 5 χωρίον | acl | high | Passive participle agreeing with χωρίον. |
| 8 | Μελαγγεῖα | Μελαγγεῖα | PROPN | N----NSN- | Case=Nominative|Gender=Neuter|Number=Singular | 7 ὀνομαζόμενον | xcomp | high | Predicate name of the passive naming construction. |
| 9 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 6 ἐστὶν | punct | high | |
| 10 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | -------- | _ | 17 κάτεισιν | cc | high | Coordinates the second clause with the first. |
| 11 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | RA----NSN- | Case=Nominative|Gender=Neuter|Number=Singular | 12 ὕδωρ | det | high | |
| 12 | ὕδωρ | ὕδωρ | NOUN | N----NSN- | Case=Nominative|Gender=Neuter|Number=Singular | 17 κάτεισιν | nsubj | high | |
| 13 | αὐτόθεν | αὐτόθεν | ADV | D-------- | PronType=Dem | 17 κάτεισιν | advmod | high | Locative adverb, ‘from that very place’. |
| 14 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | RA----ASN- | Case=Accusative|Gender=Neuter|Number=Singular | 15 πότιμον | det | high | |
| 15 | πότιμον | πότιμος | ADJ | A----ASN- | Case=Accusative|Gender=Neuter|Number=Singular | 17 κάτεισιν | obj | medium | Substantivized adjective, ‘the potable/drinking [water]’; τὸ ὕδωρ is a separate nominative subject. |
| 16 | Μαντινεῦσι | Μαντινεύς | PROPN | N----DPM- | Case=Dative|Gender=Masculine|Number=Plural | 17 κάτεισιν | iobj | high | Dative of destination/beneficiary. |
| 17 | κάτεισιν | κάτειμι | VERB | V--PAI-3S- | Mood=Indicative|Number=Singular|Person=Third|Tense=Present|Voice=Active | 6 ἐστὶν | conj | high | Second coordinated finite clause. |
| 18 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | R-------- | _ | 20 πόλιν | case | high | |
| 19 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | RA----ASF- | Case=Accusative|Gender=Feminine|Number=Singular | 20 πόλιν | det | high | |
| 20 | πόλιν | πόλις | NOUN | N----ASF- | Case=Accusative|Gender=Feminine|Number=Singular | 17 κάτεισιν | obl | high | Goal complement of κάτεισιν, governed by ἐς. |
| 21 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 6 ἐστὶν | punct | high |