Grammar parses for passage 8.7.5
Open translation for this passage
Φίλιππον δὲ βασιλέων μὲν τῶν πρὸ αὐτοῦ καὶ ὅσοι Μακεδόσι γεγόνασιν ὕστερον, τούτων μὲν πείθοιτο ἄν τις μέγιστα αὐτὸν ἔργα ἐπιδείξασθαι· στρατηγὸν δὲ ἀγαθὸν οὐκ ἄν τις φρονῶν ὀρθὰ καλέσειεν αὐτόν, ὅς γε καὶ ὅρκους θεῶν κατεπάτησεν ἀεὶ καὶ σπονδὰς ἐπὶ παντὶ ἐψεύσατο πίστιν τε ἠτίμασε μάλιστα ἀνθρώπων.
The sentence has two potential-optative constructions: πείθοιτο ἄν with an infinitival complement, and οὐκ ἄν ... καλέσειεν; the relative clause beginning ὅς supplies the grounds for rejecting the predicate ‘good general.’
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Φίλιππον | Φίλιππος | PROPN | n-s---ma- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 32 καλέσειεν | obj | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | c-------- | _ | 32 καλέσειεν | cc | high | |
| 3 | βασιλέων | βασιλεύς | NOUN | n-p---mg- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 14 τούτων | nmod | high | |
| 4 | μὲν | μέν | PART | d-------- | _ | 3 βασιλέων | discourse | high | |
| 5 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | l-p---mg- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 3 βασιλέων | det | high | |
| 6 | πρὸ | πρό | ADP | r-------- | _ | 7 αὐτοῦ | case | high | |
| 7 | αὐτοῦ | αὐτός | PRON | p-s---mg- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Prs | 3 βασιλέων | nmod | high | |
| 8 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | c-------- | _ | 9 ὅσοι | cc | high | |
| 9 | ὅσοι | ὅσος | PRON | pr-p---mn- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Rel | 11 γεγόνασιν | nsubj | high | |
| 10 | Μακεδόσι | Μακεδών | PROPN | n-p---md- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 11 γεγόνασιν | obl | high | |
| 11 | γεγόνασιν | γίγνομαι | VERB | v3prperfact-- | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Perf|Voice=Act | 12 ὕστερον | acl:relcl | high | |
| 12 | ὕστερον | ὕστερον | ADV | d-------- | _ | 14 τούτων | advmod | high | |
| 13 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 14 τούτων | punct | high | |
| 14 | τούτων | οὗτος | PRON | p-p---mg- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Dem | 16 πείθοιτο | obl | medium | Partitive/genitive frame with πείθοιτο; coordination makes antecedent scope somewhat compressed. |
| 15 | μὲν | μέν | PART | d-------- | _ | 14 τούτων | discourse | high | |
| 16 | πείθοιτο | πείθω | VERB | v3spmo--- | Mood=Opt|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Mid | 32 καλέσειεν | ccomp | medium | Potential optative with ἄν at token 17; subject τις at 18. |
| 17 | ἄν | ἄν | PART | d-------- | _ | 16 πείθοιτο | advmod | high | |
| 18 | τις | τις | PRON | p-s---mn- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Ind | 16 πείθοιτο | nsubj | high | |
| 19 | μέγιστα | μέγας | ADV | a-p---na- | Degree=Sup | 22 ἐπιδείξασθαι | advmod | high | Neuter plural accusative used adverbially, ‘very greatly’. |
| 20 | αὐτὸν | αὐτός | PRON | p-s---ma- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Prs | 22 ἐπιδείξασθαι | obj | high | |
| 21 | ἔργα | ἔργον | NOUN | n-p---na- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 22 ἐπιδείξασθαι | obj | high | |
| 22 | ἐπιδείξασθαι | ἐπιδείκνυμι | VERB | v--anm--- | Mood=Inf|Tense=Aor|Voice=Mid | 16 πείθοιτο | xcomp | high | |
| 23 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 32 καλέσειεν | punct | high | |
| 24 | στρατηγὸν | στρατηγός | NOUN | n-s---ma- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 32 καλέσειεν | xcomp | high | Predicate accusative with καλέσειεν. |
| 25 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | c-------- | _ | 32 καλέσειεν | cc | high | |
| 26 | ἀγαθὸν | ἀγαθός | ADJ | a-s---ma- | Case=Acc|Degree=Pos|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 24 στρατηγὸν | amod | high | |
| 27 | οὐκ | οὐ | PART | d-------- | Polarity=Neg | 32 καλέσειεν | advmod | high | |
| 28 | ἄν | ἄν | PART | d-------- | _ | 32 καλέσειεν | advmod | high | |
| 29 | τις | τις | PRON | p-s---mn- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Ind | 32 καλέσειεν | nsubj | high | |
| 30 | φρονῶν | φρονέω | VERB | v-sppamn- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Mood=Ptc|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 32 καλέσειεν | advcl | medium | Concessive or manner participle: ‘if thinking rightly/sensibly’. |
| 31 | ὀρθὰ | ὀρθός | ADV | a-p---na- | Degree=Pos | 30 φρονῶν | advmod | high | Neuter plural accusative used adverbially. |
| 32 | καλέσειεν | καλέω | VERB | v3saao--- | Mood=Opt|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Potential optative with ἄν at token 28. |
| 33 | αὐτόν | αὐτός | PRON | p-s---ma- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Prs | 32 καλέσειεν | obj | high | |
| 34 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 32 καλέσειεν | punct | high | |
| 35 | ὅς | ὅς | PRON | pr-s---mn- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Rel | 40 κατεπάτησεν | nsubj | high | Relative clause subject, referring to Φίλιππον/αὐτόν. |
| 36 | γε | γε | PART | d-------- | _ | 35 ὅς | discourse | high | |
| 37 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | c-------- | _ | 40 κατεπάτησεν | cc | high | |
| 38 | ὅρκους | ὅρκος | NOUN | n-p---ma- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 40 κατεπάτησεν | obj | high | |
| 39 | θεῶν | θεός | NOUN | n-p---mg- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 38 ὅρκους | nmod | high | |
| 40 | κατεπάτησεν | καταπατέω | VERB | v3saia--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 46 ἐψεύσατο | conj | high | |
| 41 | ἀεὶ | ἀεί | ADV | d-------- | _ | 40 κατεπάτησεν | advmod | high | |
| 42 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | c-------- | _ | 46 ἐψεύσατο | cc | high | |
| 43 | σπονδὰς | σπονδή | NOUN | n-p---fa- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 46 ἐψεύσατο | obj | high | |
| 44 | ἐπὶ | ἐπί | ADP | r-------- | _ | 45 παντὶ | case | high | With dative παντί. |
| 45 | παντὶ | πᾶς | DET | a-s---md- | Case=Dat|Degree=Pos|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 46 ἐψεύσατο | obl | high | Adjectival use, ‘on every occasion’. |
| 46 | ἐψεύσατο | ψεύδομαι | VERB | v3sama--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Mid | 40 κατεπάτησεν | conj | high | Coordinated with κατεπάτησεν. |
| 47 | πίστιν | πίστις | NOUN | n-s---fa- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 49 ἠτίμασε | obj | high | |
| 48 | τε | τε | CCONJ | c-------- | _ | 49 ἠτίμασε | cc | high | |
| 49 | ἠτίμασε | ἀτιμάζω | VERB | v3saia--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 46 ἐψεύσατο | conj | high | Further coordinated predicate; τε links πίστιν ἠτίμασε to preceding actions. |
| 50 | μάλιστα | μάλιστα | ADV | d-------- | Degree=Sup | 49 ἠτίμασε | advmod | high | |
| 51 | ἀνθρώπων | ἄνθρωπος | NOUN | n-p---mg- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 50 μάλιστα | obl | medium | Partitive genitive with superlative μάλιστα. |
| 52 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 32 καλέσειεν | punct | high |