Grammar parses for passage 8.7.7
Open translation for this passage
ἐπὶ δὲ Φιλίππῳ τελευτήσαντι Φιλίππου παῖδα νήπιον, γεγονότα δὲ ἐκ Κλεοπάτρας ἀδελφιδῆς Ἀττάλου, τοῦτον τὸν παῖδα ὁμοῦ τῇ μητρὶ Ὀλυμπιὰς ἐπὶ σκεύους χαλκοῦ πυρὸς ὑποβεβλημένου διέφθειρεν ἕλκουσα·
Main predicate διέφθειρεν takes τοῦτον τὸν παῖδα as object and Ὀλυμπιὰς as subject; the opening dative absolute-like participial phrase establishes the time, while γεγονότα is an accusative supplementary/relative participle agreeing with παῖδα. The participle ὑποβεβλημένου modifies πυρός, with σκεύους dependent on ἐπί.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἐπὶ | ἐπί | ADP | R- | AdpType=Prep | 3 Φιλίππῳ | case | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 28 διέφθειρεν | cc | high | |
| 3 | Φιλίππῳ | Φίλιππος | PROPN | NPMDSM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 4 τελευτήσαντι | obl | high | Dative temporal circumstance with τελευτήσαντι. |
| 4 | τελευτήσαντι | τελευτάω | VERB | VPA-DPM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 28 διέφθειρεν | advcl | medium | Dative participle agreeing with Φιλίππῳ; temporal framing. |
| 5 | Φιλίππου | Φίλιππος | PROPN | NPMSG | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 6 παῖδα | nmod | high | |
| 6 | παῖδα | παῖς | NOUN | NAMSΑ | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 28 διέφθειρεν | obj | high | Object continued/reprised by τοῦτον τὸν παῖδα. |
| 7 | νήπιον | νήπιος | ADJ | A-AMSΑ | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 6 παῖδα | amod | high | |
| 8 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 6 παῖδα | punct | high | |
| 9 | γεγονότα | γίγνομαι | VERB | VPAP-SMA | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Perf|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 6 παῖδα | acl | medium | Accusative participle agreeing with παῖδα; γεγονότα ἐκ Κλεοπάτρας gives parentage. |
| 10 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 9 γεγονότα | cc | high | |
| 11 | ἐκ | ἐκ | ADP | R- | AdpType=Prep | 12 Κλεοπάτρας | case | high | |
| 12 | Κλεοπάτρας | Κλεοπάτρα | PROPN | NPFSG | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 9 γεγονότα | obl | high | Source/parentage complement of γεγονότα. |
| 13 | ἀδελφιδῆς | ἀδελφιδῆς | NOUN | NFSG | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 12 Κλεοπάτρας | appos | high | Apposition to Κλεοπάτρας. |
| 14 | Ἀττάλου | Ἄτταλος | PROPN | NMSG | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 13 ἀδελφιδῆς | nmod | high | Genitive dependent on ἀδελφιδῆς. |
| 15 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 9 γεγονότα | punct | high | |
| 16 | τοῦτον | οὗτος | PRON | PDMSA | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Dem | 28 διέφθειρεν | obj | high | Resumptive demonstrative object, elaborated by τὸν παῖδα. |
| 17 | τὸν | ὁ | DET | DAΜSΑ | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 18 παῖδα | det | high | |
| 18 | παῖδα | παῖς | NOUN | NAMSΑ | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 16 τοῦτον | appos | high | Appositional noun phrase specifying τοῦτον. |
| 19 | ὁμοῦ | ὁμοῦ | ADV | D-------- | _ | 28 διέφθειρεν | advmod | high | Together with τῇ μητρί. |
| 20 | τῇ | ὁ | DET | DASFS | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 21 μητρὶ | det | high | |
| 21 | μητρὶ | μήτηρ | NOUN | NFS D | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 19 ὁμοῦ | obl | high | Dative complement of ὁμοῦ. |
| 22 | Ὀλυμπιὰς | Ὀλυμπιάς | PROPN | NPFSN | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 28 διέφθειρεν | nsubj | high | |
| 23 | ἐπὶ | ἐπί | ADP | R- | AdpType=Prep | 24 σκεύους | case | high | |
| 24 | σκεύους | σκεῦος | NOUN | NNSG | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 28 διέφθειρεν | obl | high | Genitive with ἐπί, indicating the vessel/surface. |
| 25 | χαλκοῦ | χαλκοῦς | ADJ | A-NNSG | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 24 σκεύους | amod | high | |
| 26 | πυρὸς | πῦρ | NOUN | NNSG | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 27 ὑποβεβλημένου | obl | medium | Genitive dependent on ὑποβεβλημένου: fire placed beneath. |
| 27 | ὑποβεβλημένου | ὑποβάλλω | VERB | VPRP-SNG | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Tense=Perf|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass | 24 σκεύους | acl | medium | Genitive participle agreeing with πυρός; πυρός is its subject/agent-like genitive. |
| 28 | διέφθειρεν | διαφθείρω | VERB | VIAI3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 29 | ἕλκουσα | ἕλκω | VERB | VPAP-SNF | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 28 διέφθειρεν | advcl | high | Nominative circumstantial participle agreeing with Ὀλυμπιάς. |
| 30 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 28 διέφθειρεν | punct | high |
χρόνῳ δὲ ὕστερον καὶ Ἀριδαῖον ἀπέκτεινεν.
The clause means 'and later he killed Aridaeus'; the subject is unexpressed and recovered from context, while καί coordinates Ἀριδαῖον with an omitted prior object.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | χρόνῳ | χρόνος | NOUN | N-dat-sg-m | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 6 ἀπέκτεινεν | obl | high | Dative of temporal circumstance: 'later in time'. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 6 ἀπέκτεινεν | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | ὕστερον | ὕστερος | ADV | ADV | Degree=Cmp | 6 ἀπέκτεινεν | advmod | high | Adverbial comparative, 'later/afterward'. |
| 4 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 5 Ἀριδαῖον | cc | high | Coordinates the object with a preceding, contextually understood object. |
| 5 | Ἀριδαῖον | Ἀριδαῖος | PROPN | N-pron-acc-sg-m | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 6 ἀπέκτεινεν | obj | high | Personal name in the accusative as the object of ἀπέκτεινεν. |
| 6 | ἀπέκτεινεν | ἀποκτείνω | VERB | V-2aor-act-ind-3sg | Aspect=Perfective|Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=Three|Tense=Past|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Second-aorist active indicative, third singular. |
| 7 | . | . | PUNCT | PUNCT | _ | 6 ἀπέκτεινεν | punct | high |
ἔμελλε δὲ ἄρα ὁ δαίμων καὶ τὸ γένος τὸ Κασσάνδρου κακῶς ἐξαμήσειν·
ἔμελλε governs the complementary future infinitive ἐξαμήσειν; the coordinated accusatives τὸ γένος and the substantivized ὁ δαίμων are the infinitive's understood subject, with τὸ Κασσάνδρου specifying γένος. ἄρα is inferential and κακῶς modifies ἐξαμήσειν.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἔμελλε | μέλλω | VERB | V-IAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Imperfect|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 1 ἔμελλε | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | ἄρα | ἄρα | ADV | ADV | _ | 1 ἔμελλε | advmod | high | Inferential particle. |
| 4 | ὁ | ὁ | DET | T-NSM | Case=Nom|Definite=Def|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 5 δαίμων | det | high | |
| 5 | δαίμων | δαίμων | NOUN | N-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 1 ἔμελλε | nsubj | medium | Nominative subject of μέλλω, also understood as subject of the infinitive. |
| 6 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 8 γένος | cc | high | Coordinates γένος with δαίμων at the clause level. |
| 7 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | T-NSN | Case=Acc|Definite=Def|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 8 γένος | det | high | |
| 8 | γένος | γένος | NOUN | N-ASN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 12 ἐξαμήσειν | nsubj | high | Accusative subject of the complementary infinitive. |
| 9 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | T-NSN | Case=Acc|Definite=Def|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 10 Κασσάνδρου | det | high | |
| 10 | Κασσάνδρου | Κάσσανδρος | PROPN | N-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 8 γένος | nmod | high | Genitive specification of γένος; article is substantivizing the name. |
| 11 | κακῶς | κακῶς | ADV | ADV | _ | 12 ἐξαμήσειν | advmod | high | Manner/adversity adverb modifying the infinitive. |
| 12 | ἐξαμήσειν | ἐξαμάω | VERB | V-FAI | Mood=Inf|Tense=Future|Voice=Act | 1 ἔμελλε | xcomp | high | Complementary future infinitive after μέλλω. |
| 13 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 1 ἔμελλε | punct | high |
Κασσάνδρῳ δὲ οἱ παῖδες ἐκ Θεσσαλονίκης γεγόνασι τῆς Φιλίππου, Θεσσαλονίκῃ δὲ ἦσαν καὶ Ἀριδαίῳ μητέρες Θεσσαλαί.
Two coordinated clauses: παῖδες are said to be born from Thessalonice, daughter of Philip; μητέρες is the predicate of ἦσαν, with Θεσσαλαί agreeing, and Θεσσαλονίκῃ/Ἀριδαίῳ are dative possessors or relational complements. The antecedent and precise semantic scope of the second dative are somewhat elliptical.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Κασσάνδρῳ | Κάσσανδρος | PROPN | Nbms | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 7 γεγόνασι | obl | high | Dative of reference/possession with γεγόνασι. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | -------- | _ | 7 γεγόνασι | cc | high | |
| 3 | οἱ | ὁ | DET | P----NM-- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 4 παῖδες | det | high | Article substantivizing or accompanying παῖδες. |
| 4 | παῖδες | παῖς | NOUN | N---NM-- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 7 γεγόνασι | nsubj | high | |
| 5 | ἐκ | ἐκ | ADP | R | _ | 6 Θεσσαλονίκης | case | high | |
| 6 | Θεσσαλονίκης | Θεσσαλονίκη | PROPN | Nbfs | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 7 γεγόνασι | obl | high | Source/parentage complement of γεγόνασι. |
| 7 | γεγόνασι | γίγνομαι | VERB | V3PPAI | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Perf|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Perfect with present/resultative sense, ‘are born/descended’. |
| 8 | τῆς | ὁ | DET | P---GF-- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 9 Φιλίππου | det | high | |
| 9 | Φιλίππου | Φίλιππος | PROPN | Nbfs | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 6 Θεσσαλονίκης | nmod | high | Appositional/genitival identification: Thessalonice, daughter of Philip. |
| 10 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 7 γεγόνασι | punct | high | |
| 11 | Θεσσαλονίκῃ | Θεσσαλονίκη | PROPN | Nbfs | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 13 ἦσαν | obl | medium | Dative of possession/reference; elliptical relation to the following clause. |
| 12 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | -------- | _ | 13 ἦσαν | cc | high | |
| 13 | ἦσαν | εἰμί | AUX | V3PIAI | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Imp|Voice=Act | 16 μητέρες | cop | high | Copula with μητέρες as predicate nominal. |
| 14 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | -------- | _ | 15 Ἀριδαίῳ | cc | high | Coordinates Ἀριδαίῳ with Θεσσαλονίκῃ. |
| 15 | Ἀριδαίῳ | Ἀριδαῖος | PROPN | Nbms | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 13 ἦσαν | obl | medium | Second dative of possession/reference; syntactic scope is elliptical. |
| 16 | μητέρες | μήτηρ | NOUN | N---NF-- | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 13 ἦσαν | xcomp | high | Predicate nominative with ἦσαν. |
| 17 | Θεσσαλαί | Θεσσαλός | ADJ | A--NF-- | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 16 μητέρες | amod | high | Predicative adjective agreeing with μητέρες. |
| 18 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 7 γεγόνασι | punct | high |
τὰ δὲ ἐς Ἀλέξανδρον καὶ τοῖς πᾶσιν ὁμοίως δῆλά ἐστιν Ἀλεξάνδρου θάνατος ·
The clause means roughly ‘the matters concerning Alexander, and likewise to everyone, are clear: Alexander’s death.’ The final nominative θάνατος is an appositional or identifying subject complement construction, so its attachment relative to δῆλά is somewhat uncertain.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | τὰ | ὁ | PRON | Pd--na | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 10 ἐστιν | nsubj | high | Substantivized neuter plural article/pronoun, ‘the matters/things’. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 10 ἐστιν | cc | high | |
| 3 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | R-------- | _ | 4 Ἀλέξανδρον | case | high | Epic/poetic variant of εἰς. |
| 4 | Ἀλέξανδρον | Ἀλέξανδρος | PROPN | Ne-s---ma- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 10 ἐστιν | obl | high | Prepositional complement expressing relation to Alexander. |
| 5 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 7 πᾶσιν | cc | high | |
| 6 | τοῖς | ὁ | DET | L----dpm- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 7 πᾶσιν | det | high | |
| 7 | πᾶσιν | πᾶς | PRON | A-p---dpm- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 10 ἐστιν | obl | high | Substantivized adjective, ‘everyone/all [people]’. |
| 8 | ὁμοίως | ὁμοίως | ADV | D-------- | _ | 10 ἐστιν | advmod | high | ‘Likewise/equally’. |
| 9 | δῆλά | δῆλος | ADJ | A-p---na- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 10 ἐστιν | xcomp | high | Predicate adjective with ἐστιν; neuter plural agrees with τὰ. |
| 10 | ἐστιν | εἰμί | AUX | V3spia--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 11 | Ἀλεξάνδρου | Ἀλέξανδρος | PROPN | Ne-s---mg- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 12 θάνατος | nmod:poss | high | Possessive genitive, ‘Alexander’s’. |
| 12 | θάνατος | θάνατος | NOUN | N-s---mn- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 9 δῆλά | nsubj | medium | Nominal subject/predicative nominal in an identification-like clause; δῆλά is predicative adjective. |
| 13 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 10 ἐστιν | punct | high |