Grammar parses for passage 9.1.4
Open translation for this passage
ἐπὶ μὲν γὰρ τοῦ πολέμου τοῦ Πελοποννησίοις πρὸς Ἀθηναίους γενομένου Λακεδαιμόνιοι πολιορκίᾳ Πλάταιαν ἐξεῖλον·
The opening temporal phrase contains a genitive absolute: τοῦ πολέμου ... γενομένου, with Πελοποννησίοις and πρὸς Ἀθηναίους specifying the opposing parties.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἐπὶ | ἐπί | ADP | R- | AdpType=Prep | 5 πολέμου | case | high | Preposition governing the genitive τοῦ πολέμου. |
| 2 | μὲν | μέν | PART | Df | _ | 14 ἐξεῖλον | discourse | high | Correlative particle, anticipating contrast. |
| 3 | γὰρ | γάρ | PART | Df | _ | 14 ἐξεῖλον | discourse | high | Explanatory particle. |
| 4 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | S--GSM- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 5 πολέμου | det | high | |
| 5 | πολέμου | πόλεμος | NOUN | S--GSM- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 10 γενομένου | obl | high | Object of ἐπί in a temporal prepositional phrase. |
| 6 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | S--GSM- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 10 γενομένου | det | high | |
| 7 | Πελοποννησίοις | Πελοποννήσιος | PROPN | A--DPM- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 10 γενομένου | obl | medium | Dative with γενομένου, identifying the parties to the war; substantival ethnic adjective. |
| 8 | πρὸς | πρός | ADP | R- | AdpType=Prep | 9 Ἀθηναίους | case | high | Preposition governing Ἀθηναίους. |
| 9 | Ἀθηναίους | Ἀθηναῖος | PROPN | A--APM- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 10 γενομένου | obl | high | Substantival ethnic adjective, complement of πρὸς. |
| 10 | γενομένου | γίγνομαι | VERB | VPA-PGM- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Mid | 5 πολέμου | acl | high | Genitive absolute with τοῦ πολέμου as participial subject. |
| 11 | Λακεδαιμόνιοι | Λακεδαιμόνιος | PROPN | A--NPM- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 14 ἐξεῖλον | nsubj | high | Subject of ἐξεῖλον. |
| 12 | πολιορκίᾳ | πολιορκία | NOUN | S--DSF- | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 14 ἐξεῖλον | obl | high | Dative of means: by siege. |
| 13 | Πλάταιαν | Πλάταια | PROPN | A--ASF- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 14 ἐξεῖλον | obj | high | Direct object of ἐξεῖλον. |
| 14 | ἐξεῖλον | ἐξαιρέω | VERB | VAAI3P- | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Aorist active main verb, ‘captured/took.’ |
| 15 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 14 ἐξεῖλον | punct | high |
ἀνοικισθείσης δὲ ἐπὶ τῆς εἰρήνης, ἣν πρὸς βασιλέα τῶν Περσῶν γενέσθαι τοῖς Ἕλλησιν ἔπραξεν Ἀνταλκίδας ἀνὴρ Σπαρτιάτης, καὶ τῶν Πλαταιέων κατελθόντων ἐξ Ἀθηνῶν, τοὺς δὲ αὖθις ἔμελλεν ἐπιλήψεσθαι κακὸν δεύτερον.
Complex genitive absolutes frame the clause: after the peace was restored and the Plataeans had returned from Athens, he was again going to inflict a second evil on them. The relative clause modifies εἰρήνης; ἣν is its object, with ἔπραξεν governing the infinitival construction γενέσθαι τοῖς Ἕλλησιν. The subject of ἔμελλεν is implicit from context, while τοὺς Πλαταιέων is its accusative object and κακὸν δεύτερον its predicative/object complement.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἀνοικισθείσης | ἀνοικίζω | VERB | V-APP-GSF | Case=Genitive|Gender=Feminine|Mood=Participle|Number=Singular|Tense=Aorist|Voice=Passive | 5 εἰρήνης | acl | high | Genitive absolute participle; subject is εἰρήνης. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 1 ἀνοικισθείσης | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | ἐπὶ | ἐπί | ADP | PREP | _ | 5 εἰρήνης | case | high | With genitive, 'during/under the peace'. |
| 4 | τῆς | ὁ | DET | T-GSF | Case=Genitive|Gender=Feminine|Number=Singular | 5 εἰρήνης | det | high | |
| 5 | εἰρήνης | εἰρήνη | NOUN | N-GSF | Case=Genitive|Gender=Feminine|Number=Singular | 23 κατελθόντων | obl | medium | Subject of the genitive absolute; also object of ἐπί. |
| 6 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 1 ἀνοικισθείσης | punct | high | |
| 7 | ἣν | ὅς | PRON | R-ASF | Case=Accusative|Gender=Feminine|Number=Singular | 15 ἔπραξεν | obj | high | Relative pronoun, object of ἔπραξεν; antecedent εἰρήνης. |
| 8 | πρὸς | πρός | ADP | PREP | _ | 9 βασιλέα | case | high | Introduces the party toward whom the peace was made. |
| 9 | βασιλέα | βασιλεύς | NOUN | N-ASM | Case=Accusative|Gender=Masculine|Number=Singular | 12 γενέσθαι | obl | high | Object of πρὸς. |
| 10 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | T-GPM | Case=Genitive|Gender=Masculine|Number=Plural | 11 Περσῶν | det | high | |
| 11 | Περσῶν | Πέρσης | PROPN | N-GPM | Case=Genitive|Gender=Masculine|Number=Plural | 9 βασιλέα | nmod | high | Genitive dependent on βασιλέα. |
| 12 | γενέσθαι | γίγνομαι | VERB | V-2ADN | Mood=Infinitive|Tense=Aorist|Voice=Middle | 15 ἔπραξεν | xcomp | medium | Infinitive complement in the construction for making/arranging the peace. |
| 13 | τοῖς | ὁ | DET | T-DPM | Case=Dative|Gender=Masculine|Number=Plural | 14 Ἕλλησιν | det | high | |
| 14 | Ἕλλησιν | Ἕλλην | PROPN | N-DPM | Case=Dative|Gender=Masculine|Number=Plural | 12 γενέσθαι | iobj | high | Dative of reference/advantage: for the Greeks. |
| 15 | ἔπραξεν | πράσσω | VERB | V-2AAI-3S | Mood=Indicative|Number=Singular|Person=Third|Tense=Aorist|Voice=Active | 16 Ἀνταλκίδας | acl:relcl | high | Finite verb of the relative clause. |
| 16 | Ἀνταλκίδας | Ἀνταλκίδας | PROPN | N-NSM | Case=Nominative|Gender=Masculine|Number=Singular | 15 ἔπραξεν | nsubj | high | Subject of ἔπραξεν. |
| 17 | ἀνὴρ | ἀνήρ | NOUN | N-NSM | Case=Nominative|Gender=Masculine|Number=Singular | 16 Ἀνταλκίδας | appos | high | Apposition to Ἀνταλκίδας. |
| 18 | Σπαρτιάτης | Σπαρτιάτης | ADJ | A-NSM | Case=Nominative|Gender=Masculine|Number=Singular | 17 ἀνὴρ | amod | high | Ethnic adjective agreeing with ἀνήρ. |
| 19 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 15 ἔπραξεν | punct | high | |
| 20 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 23 κατελθόντων | cc | high | Coordinates the two genitive absolutes. |
| 21 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | T-GPM | Case=Genitive|Gender=Masculine|Number=Plural | 22 Πλαταιέων | det | high | |
| 22 | Πλαταιέων | Πλαταιεύς | PROPN | N-GPM | Case=Genitive|Gender=Masculine|Number=Plural | 23 κατελθόντων | nsubj | high | Subject of the second genitive absolute. |
| 23 | κατελθόντων | κατέρχομαι | VERB | V-2AAP-GPM | Case=Genitive|Gender=Masculine|Mood=Participle|Number=Plural|Tense=Aorist|Voice=Active | 30 ἔμελλεν | advcl | high | Second genitive absolute. |
| 24 | ἐξ | ἐκ | ADP | PREP | _ | 25 Ἀθηνῶν | case | high | |
| 25 | Ἀθηνῶν | Ἀθῆναι | PROPN | N-GPF | Case=Genitive|Gender=Feminine|Number=Plural | 23 κατελθόντων | obl | high | Source with ἐξ. |
| 26 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 23 κατελθόντων | punct | high | |
| 27 | τοὺς | ὁ | DET | T-APM | Case=Accusative|Gender=Masculine|Number=Plural | 30 ἔμελλεν | obj | high | Accusative object of ἐπιλήψεσθαι, with δέ. |
| 28 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 30 ἔμελλεν | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 29 | αὖθις | αὖθις | ADV | ADV | _ | 31 ἐπιλήψεσθαι | advmod | high | Again. |
| 30 | ἔμελλεν | μέλλω | VERB | V-IAI-3S | Mood=Indicative|Number=Singular|Person=Third|Tense=Imperfect|Voice=Active | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main finite verb; subject is implicit. |
| 31 | ἐπιλήψεσθαι | ἐπιλαμβάνομαι | VERB | V-FMN | Mood=Infinitive|Tense=Future|Voice=Middle | 30 ἔμελλεν | xcomp | high | Infinitive complement of ἔμελλεν. |
| 32 | κακὸν | κακός | ADJ | A-ASN | Case=Accusative|Gender=Neuter|Number=Singular | 31 ἐπιλήψεσθαι | obj | high | Substantivized adjective, object of ἐπιλήψεσθαι. |
| 33 | δεύτερον | δεύτερος | ADJ | A-ASN | Case=Accusative|Gender=Neuter|Number=Singular | 32 κακὸν | amod | high | Agrees with substantivized κακόν. |
| 34 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 30 ἔμελλεν | punct | high |
ἐκ μέν γε τοῦ ἐμφανοῦς πόλεμος πρὸς τοὺς Θηβαίους οὐκ ἦν συνεστηκώς, ἀλλὰ οἱ Πλαταιεῖς μένειν τὴν εἰρήνην σφίσιν ἔφασαν, ὅτι τὴν Καδμείαν Λακεδαιμονίοις κατασχοῦσιν οὔτε βουλεύματος οὔτε ἔργου μετεσχήκεσαν·
The sentence contrasts the absence of overt war with the Plataeans' claim that peace should remain; the ὅτι-clause explains their non-participation in the seizure of the Cadmea. κατασχοῦσιν is dative plural aorist active participle agreeing with Λακεδαιμονίοις, with the participial phrase functioning circumstantially; μετεσχήκεσαν is pluperfect active, with οὔτε...οὔτε coordinating genitives of separation/participation.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἐκ | ἐκ | ADP | PREP | AdpType=Prep | 6 πόλεμος | case | high | |
| 2 | μέν | μέν | PART | PART | _ | 6 πόλεμος | discourse | high | |
| 3 | γε | γε | PART | PART | _ | 6 πόλεμος | discourse | high | |
| 4 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | T-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 5 ἐμφανοῦς | det | high | |
| 5 | ἐμφανοῦς | ἐμφανής | ADJ | A-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 6 πόλεμος | amod | high | |
| 6 | πόλεμος | πόλεμος | NOUN | N-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 11 ἦν | nsubj | high | |
| 7 | πρὸς | πρός | ADP | PREP | AdpType=Prep | 9 Θηβαίους | case | high | |
| 8 | τοὺς | ὁ | DET | T-APM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 9 Θηβαίους | det | high | |
| 9 | Θηβαίους | Θηβαῖος | PROPN | A-APM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 6 πόλεμος | nmod | high | |
| 10 | οὐκ | οὐ | PART | PART | Polarity=Neg | 11 ἦν | advmod | high | |
| 11 | ἦν | εἰμί | AUX | V-IAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Impf|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 12 | συνεστηκώς | συνίστημι | VERB | V-RAP-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Perf|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 6 πόλεμος | acl | medium | Predicate participle with πόλεμος; ἦν συνεστηκώς yields an imperfect periphrastic construction. |
| 13 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 11 ἦν | punct | high | |
| 14 | ἀλλὰ | ἀλλά | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 21 ἔφασαν | cc | high | |
| 15 | οἱ | ὁ | DET | T-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 16 Πλαταιεῖς | det | high | |
| 16 | Πλαταιεῖς | Πλαταιεύς | PROPN | N-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 21 ἔφασαν | nsubj | high | |
| 17 | μένειν | μένω | VERB | V-PAN | Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act | 21 ἔφασαν | xcomp | high | Infinitive in indirect statement after ἔφασαν. |
| 18 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | T-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 19 εἰρήνην | det | high | |
| 19 | εἰρήνην | εἰρήνη | NOUN | N-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 17 μένειν | obj | high | |
| 20 | σφίσιν | σφεῖς | PRON | P-D3P | Case=Dat|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs | 17 μένειν | obl | high | Reflexive dative of interest/reference, coreferential with οἱ Πλαταιεῖς. |
| 21 | ἔφασαν | φημί | VERB | V-AAI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 11 ἦν | conj | high | |
| 22 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 21 ἔφασαν | punct | high | |
| 23 | ὅτι | ὅτι | SCONJ | CONJ | _ | 32 μετεσχήκεσαν | mark | high | Causal/explanatory conjunction introducing the finite clause. |
| 24 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | T-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 25 Καδμείαν | det | high | |
| 25 | Καδμείαν | Καδμεία | PROPN | N-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 27 κατασχοῦσιν | obj | high | |
| 26 | Λακεδαιμονίοις | Λακεδαιμόνιος | PROPN | A-DPM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 27 κατασχοῦσιν | obl | high | Dative participial subject/agent-like participant with κατασχοῦσιν. |
| 27 | κατασχοῦσιν | κατέχω | VERB | V-AAP-DPM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 32 μετεσχήκεσαν | advcl | medium | Aorist participle, agreeing with Λακεδαιμονίοις; circumstantial temporal/causal force. |
| 28 | οὔτε | οὔτε | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 29 βουλεύματος | cc | high | |
| 29 | βουλεύματος | βούλευμα | NOUN | N-GSN | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 32 μετεσχήκεσαν | obl | high | Genitive with μετέχω, expressing what was not participated in. |
| 30 | οὔτε | οὔτε | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 31 ἔργου | cc | high | |
| 31 | ἔργου | ἔργον | NOUN | N-GSN | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 32 μετεσχήκεσαν | obl | high | Second coordinated genitive complement of μετέχω. |
| 32 | μετεσχήκεσαν | μετέχω | VERB | V-RAI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Plup|Voice=Act | 21 ἔφασαν | ccomp | high | Finite verb of the ὅτι-clause; pluperfect active. |
| 33 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 11 ἦν | punct | high |