Grammar parses for passage 9.1.5
Open translation for this passage
καὶ ἅπασιν ἠξίουν τὰς σπονδάς.
The verb ἠξίουν is imperfect active and morphologically ambiguous in person; the syntactic reading here is 3rd-person plural, with ἅπασιν as a dative complement and τὰς σπονδάς as its accusative object.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 3 ἠξίουν | cc | high | |
| 2 | ἅπασιν | ἅπας | PRON | A-P---MD- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 3 ἠξίουν | iobj | high | Dative of the persons concerned: ‘for/to all’. |
| 3 | ἠξίουν | ἀξιόω | VERB | V1PPAI-- | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Impf|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | medium | Imperfect active; ending is formally ambiguous between 1pl and 3pl, with context favoring 3pl. |
| 4 | τὰς | ὁ | DET | T-APF- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 5 σπονδάς | det | high | |
| 5 | σπονδάς | σπονδή | NOUN | N1A---AF- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 3 ἠξίουν | obj | high | |
| 6 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 3 ἠξίουν | punct | high |
οὐκ ἀνύποπτα οὖν ἡγούμενοι οἱ Πλαταιεῖς τὰ ἐκ τῶν Θηβαίων διὰ φυλακῆς εἶχον ἰσχυρᾶς τὴν πόλιν· καὶ ἐς τοὺς ἀγρούς, ὁπόσοι ἀπωτέρω τοῦ ἄστεως ἦσαν, οὐδὲ ἐς τούτους ἀνὰ πᾶσαν ἤρχοντο τὴν ἡμέραν,
Elliptical continuation: ἡγούμενοι governs a substantive οὐκ ἀνύποπτα (things not unsuspected), with τὰ ... ἐκ τῶν Θηβαίων as its object; εἶχον τὴν πόλιν διὰ φυλακῆς. The final ἤρχοντο is imperfect middle of ἄρχω, ‘began/started’ or possibly ‘ruled’, with ἀνὰ πᾶσαν τὴν ἡμέραν adverbial; attachment of ἐς τούτους is semantically somewhat uncertain.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | οὐκ | οὐ | PART | D-------- | Polarity=Neg | 4 ἡγούμενοι | advmod | high | |
| 2 | ἀνύποπτα | ἀνύποπτος | ADJ | A--PNN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 4 ἡγούμενοι | obj | medium | Substantivized neuter plural; object of ἡγούμενοι. |
| 3 | οὖν | οὖν | ADV | D-------- | _ | 4 ἡγούμενοι | advmod | high | |
| 4 | ἡγούμενοι | ἡγέομαι | VERB | V-PMPNM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Mid | 13 εἶχον | advcl | high | Circumstantial participle, agreeing with οἱ Πλαταιεῖς. |
| 5 | οἱ | ὁ | DET | T--NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 6 Πλαταιεῖς | det | high | |
| 6 | Πλαταιεῖς | Πλαταιεύς | PROPN | N--NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 13 εἶχον | nsubj | high | |
| 7 | τὰ | ὁ | DET | T--APN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 13 εἶχον | obj | medium | Article substantivizing an understood neuter noun; ἐκ τῶν Θηβαίων modifies it. |
| 8 | ἐκ | ἐκ | ADP | R-------- | _ | 7 τὰ | case | high | |
| 9 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | T--GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 10 Θηβαίων | det | high | |
| 10 | Θηβαίων | Θηβαῖος | PROPN | A--GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 8 ἐκ | obl | high | Substantivized ethnic name, object of ἐκ. |
| 11 | διὰ | διά | ADP | R-------- | _ | 12 φυλακῆς | case | high | |
| 12 | φυλακῆς | φυλακή | NOUN | N--GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 13 εἶχον | obl | high | διά + genitive: under/in a guard. |
| 13 | εἶχον | ἔχω | VERB | V-IAI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Imperf|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 14 | ἰσχυρᾶς | ἰσχυρός | ADJ | A--GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 12 φυλακῆς | amod | high | Agrees with φυλακῆς. |
| 15 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | T--ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 16 πόλιν | det | high | |
| 16 | πόλιν | πόλις | NOUN | N--ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 13 εἶχον | obj | high | |
| 17 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 13 εἶχον | punct | high | |
| 18 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 34 ἤρχοντο | cc | high | Coordinates the following predicate with εἶχον. |
| 19 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | R-------- | _ | 21 ἀγρούς | case | high | |
| 20 | τοὺς | ὁ | DET | T--APM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 21 ἀγρούς | det | high | |
| 21 | ἀγρούς | ἀγρός | NOUN | N--APM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 34 ἤρχοντο | obl | high | |
| 22 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 21 ἀγρούς | punct | high | |
| 23 | ὁπόσοι | ὁπόσος | PRON | P--NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 27 ἦσαν | nsubj | high | Relative quantifier, subject of ἦσαν. |
| 24 | ἀπωτέρω | ἀπωτέρω | ADV | D-------- | Degree=Cmp | 27 ἦσαν | advmod | high | |
| 25 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | T--GSN | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 26 ἄστεως | det | high | |
| 26 | ἄστεως | ἄστυ | NOUN | N--GSN | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 24 ἀπωτέρω | obl | high | Genitive complement of the comparative adverb. |
| 27 | ἦσαν | εἰμί | AUX | V-IAI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Imperf|Voice=Act | 21 ἀγρούς | acl:relcl | high | Relative clause modifying ἀγρούς. |
| 28 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 27 ἦσαν | punct | high | |
| 29 | οὐδὲ | οὐδέ | CCONJ | C-------- | Polarity=Neg | 34 ἤρχοντο | cc | high | Negative coordination. |
| 30 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | R-------- | _ | 31 τούτους | case | high | |
| 31 | τούτους | οὗτος | PRON | P--APM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 34 ἤρχοντο | obl | medium | Anaphoric demonstrative, probably referring to the outlying fields/people. |
| 32 | ἀνὰ | ἀνά | ADP | R-------- | _ | 36 ἡμέραν | case | high | Distributive/temporal phrase with τὴν ἡμέραν. |
| 33 | πᾶσαν | πᾶς | ADJ | A--ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 36 ἡμέραν | amod | high | |
| 34 | ἤρχοντο | ἄρχω | VERB | V-IMI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Imperf|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | medium | Imperfect middle; coordinated with εἶχον, though the precise sense of ἄρχομαι/ἄρχω here is context-dependent. |
| 35 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | T--ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 36 ἡμέραν | det | high | |
| 36 | ἡμέραν | ἡμέρα | NOUN | N--ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 34 ἤρχοντο | obl | high | Temporal accusative within ἀνὰ πᾶσαν τὴν ἡμέραν. |
| 37 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 34 ἤρχοντο | punct | high |
ἀλλὰ--- ἠπίσταντο γὰρ τοὺς Θηβαίους ὡς πανδημεὶ καὶ ἅμα ἐπὶ πλεῖστον εἰώθεσαν βουλεύεσθαι---παρεφύλασσον τὰς ἐκκλησίας αὐτῶν, καὶ ἐν τῷ τοσούτῳ καθʼ ἡσυχίαν ἐφεώρων τὰ ἑαυτῶν καὶ οἱ ἔσχατοι γεωργοῦντες.
The sentence has an adversative opening and parenthetical γάρ clause; ὡς introduces the content known about the Thebans. The subject of παρεφύλασσον is implicit (the Athenians), while ἐφεώρων has coordinated subject οἱ ἔσχατοι γεωργοῦντες. The hyphens are punctuation placeholders with uncertain editorial function.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἀλλὰ | ἀλλά | CCONJ | CONJ | Polarity=Pos | 20 παρεφύλασσον | cc | high | |
| 2 | - | - | PUNCT | PUNCT | _ | 20 παρεφύλασσον | punct | high | Editorial dash. |
| 3 | - | - | PUNCT | PUNCT | _ | 20 παρεφύλασσον | punct | high | Editorial dash. |
| 4 | - | - | PUNCT | PUNCT | _ | 20 παρεφύλασσον | punct | high | Editorial dash. |
| 5 | ἠπίσταντο | ἐπίσταμαι | VERB | V- Impf Ind MP 3 Pl | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Imp|Voice=Mid | 20 παρεφύλασσον | parataxis | high | Parenthetical γάρ clause. |
| 6 | γὰρ | γάρ | PART | PART | _ | 5 ἠπίσταντο | discourse | high | |
| 7 | τοὺς | ὁ | DET | T- Acc Pl M | Case=Acc|Definite=Def|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 8 Θηβαίους | det | high | |
| 8 | Θηβαίους | Θηβαῖος | PROPN | A- Acc Pl M | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 5 ἠπίσταντο | obj | high | Substantivized ethnic name. |
| 9 | ὡς | ὡς | SCONJ | CONJ | _ | 15 εἰώθεσαν | mark | medium | Introduces the content clause after ἠπίσταντο. |
| 10 | πανδημεὶ | πανδημεί | ADV | ADV | _ | 15 εἰώθεσαν | advmod | high | |
| 11 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 12 ἅμα | cc | high | |
| 12 | ἅμα | ἅμα | ADV | ADV | _ | 15 εἰώθεσαν | advmod | high | Adverbial, coordinated by καί. |
| 13 | ἐπὶ | ἐπί | ADP | PREP | _ | 14 πλεῖστον | case | high | |
| 14 | πλεῖστον | πολύς | ADJ | A- Acc Sg N Sup | Case=Acc|Degree=Sup|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 15 εἰώθεσαν | obl | high | Accusative extent with ἐπί. |
| 15 | εἰώθεσαν | εἴωθα | VERB | V- Plup Ind Act 3 Pl | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Plup|Voice=Act | 5 ἠπίσταντο | ccomp | medium | Perfect/pluperfect lexical form with habitual sense; governs βουλεύεσθαι. |
| 16 | βουλεύεσθαι | βουλεύομαι | VERB | V- Pres Inf MP | Mood=Inf|Tense=Pres|Voice=Mid | 15 εἰώθεσαν | xcomp | high | |
| 17 | - | - | PUNCT | PUNCT | _ | 20 παρεφύλασσον | punct | high | Editorial dash. |
| 18 | - | - | PUNCT | PUNCT | _ | 20 παρεφύλασσον | punct | high | Editorial dash. |
| 19 | - | - | PUNCT | PUNCT | _ | 20 παρεφύλασσον | punct | high | Editorial dash. |
| 20 | παρεφύλασσον | παραφυλάσσω | VERB | V- Impf Ind Act 3 Pl | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Imp|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Implicit subject from context. |
| 21 | τὰς | ὁ | DET | T- Acc Pl F | Case=Acc|Definite=Def|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 22 ἐκκλησίας | det | high | |
| 22 | ἐκκλησίας | ἐκκλησία | NOUN | N- Acc Pl F | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 20 παρεφύλασσον | obj | high | |
| 23 | αὐτῶν | αὐτός | PRON | P- Gen Pl | Case=Gen|Number=Plur|PronType=Prs | 22 ἐκκλησίας | nmod:poss | high | |
| 24 | , | , | PUNCT | PUNCT | _ | 20 παρεφύλασσον | punct | high | |
| 25 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 31 ἐφεώρων | cc | high | |
| 26 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | PREP | _ | 28 τοσούτῳ | case | high | |
| 27 | τῷ | ὁ | DET | T- Dat Sg N | Case=Dat|Definite=Def|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 28 τοσούτῳ | det | high | |
| 28 | τοσούτῳ | τοσοῦτος | ADJ | A- Dat Sg N | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 31 ἐφεώρων | obl | high | Substantivized temporal expression, ‘in so much time’. |
| 29 | καθʼ | κατά | ADP | PREP | _ | 30 ἡσυχίαν | case | high | |
| 30 | ἡσυχίαν | ἡσυχία | NOUN | N- Acc Sg F | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 31 ἐφεώρων | obl | high | Adverbial accusative with κατά. |
| 31 | ἐφεώρων | ἐφοράω | VERB | V- Impf Ind Act 3 Pl | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Imp|Voice=Act | 20 παρεφύλασσον | conj | high | Coordinated with παρεφύλασσον. |
| 32 | τὰ | ὁ | DET | T- Acc Pl N | Case=Acc|Definite=Def|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 33 ἑαυτῶν | det | high | |
| 33 | ἑαυτῶν | ἑαυτοῦ | PRON | P- Gen Pl | Case=Gen|Number=Plur|PronType=Prs|Reflex=Yes | 31 ἐφεώρων | obj | medium | Substantivized reflexive possessive phrase; τὰ is its determiner. |
| 34 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 36 ἔσχατοι | cc | high | |
| 35 | οἱ | ὁ | DET | T- Nom Pl M | Case=Nom|Definite=Def|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 36 ἔσχατοι | det | high | |
| 36 | ἔσχατοι | ἔσχατος | ADJ | A- Nom Pl M Sup | Case=Nom|Degree=Pos|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 31 ἐφεώρων | nsubj | high | Substantivized adjective, coordinated with the implicit subject. |
| 37 | γεωργοῦντες | γεωργέω | VERB | V- Pres Act Ptcp Nom Pl M | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 36 ἔσχατοι | acl | high | Participial modifier of οἱ ἔσχατοι. |
| 38 | . | . | PUNCT | PUNCT | _ | 20 παρεφύλασσον | punct | high |