Grammar parses for passage 9.1.7
Open translation for this passage
συνέβη τε ἐναντία τοῖς Πλαταιεῦσιν ἐν τῷ τότε ἡ τύχη ἢ ὡς ὑπὸ Ἀρχιδάμου καὶ Λακεδαιμονίων τὸ πρότερον ἥλωσαν·
The main clause is an impersonal τύχη συνέβη construction with ἐναντία agreeing predicatively with an understood circumstance; ἥλωσαν is an embedded historical comparison, with Πλαταιεῦσιν understood as its subject and Ἀρχιδάμου καὶ Λακεδαιμονίων as agents. The coordination ἢ ὡς is treated as introducing the comparison.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | συνέβη | συμβαίνω | VERB | V-3SIAI | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 2 | τε | τε | CCONJ | PTCL | _ | 1 συνέβη | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | ἐναντία | ἐναντίος | ADJ | A-NPN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 1 συνέβη | xcomp | medium | Predicative neuter plural, likely referring to adverse circumstances; exact construction is elliptical. |
| 4 | τοῖς | ὁ | DET | RA-DPM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 5 Πλαταιεῦσιν | det | high | |
| 5 | Πλαταιεῦσιν | Πλαταιεύς | PROPN | N-DPM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 3 ἐναντία | iobj | high | Dative of the persons affected. |
| 6 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | P | _ | 8 τότε | case | high | |
| 7 | τῷ | ὁ | DET | RA-DSM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 8 τότε | det | high | |
| 8 | τότε | τότε | ADV | D | _ | 1 συνέβη | obl | high | Temporal adverb substantivized with the article. |
| 9 | ἡ | ὁ | DET | RA-NSF | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 10 τύχη | det | high | |
| 10 | τύχη | τύχη | NOUN | N-NSF | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 1 συνέβη | nsubj | high | |
| 11 | ἢ | ἤ | CCONJ | PTCL | _ | 12 ὡς | cc | medium | Introduces the comparative alternative/qualification. |
| 12 | ὡς | ὡς | SCONJ | CS | _ | 19 ἥλωσαν | mark | medium | Comparative subordinator; syntactic scope is somewhat elliptical. |
| 13 | ὑπὸ | ὑπό | ADP | P | _ | 14 Ἀρχιδάμου | case | high | |
| 14 | Ἀρχιδάμου | Ἀρχίδαμος | PROPN | N-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 19 ἥλωσαν | obl:agent | high | Agent of the passive ἥλωσαν. |
| 15 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C | _ | 16 Λακεδαιμονίων | cc | high | |
| 16 | Λακεδαιμονίων | Λακεδαιμόνιος | PROPN | A-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 14 Ἀρχιδάμου | conj | high | Coordinated with Ἀρχιδάμου as a second agent. |
| 17 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | RA-ASN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 18 πρότερον | det | high | |
| 18 | πρότερον | πρότερος | ADV | A-ASN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 19 ἥλωσαν | advmod | medium | Accusative adverbial expression, ‘formerly/previously’. |
| 19 | ἥλωσαν | ἁλίσκομαι | VERB | V-3PAAI | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Pass | 12 ὡς | advcl | medium | Passive aorist; understood subject is Πλαταιεῖς, not overtly repeated. |
| 20 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 1 συνέβη | punct | high |
Λακεδαιμόνιοι μέν γʼ αὐτοὺς ἐξεπολιόρκησαν ἀπείργοντες διπλῷ τείχει μὴ ἐξελθεῖν τοῦ ἄστεως, Θηβαῖοι δὲ ἐν τῷ τότε ἀφελόμενοι μὴ ἐσελθεῖν σφᾶς ἐς τὸ τεῖχος.
Two coordinated clauses contrast the Spartans and Thebans; the second is syntactically elliptical, with ἀφελόμενοι understood as taking σφᾶς as its object and μὴ ἐσελθεῖν as a complementary infinitive. The infinitival complements express prevented or withheld actions, but the exact scope of μὴ is somewhat uncertain.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Λακεδαιμόνιοι | Λακεδαιμόνιος | PROPN | N----MP- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 5 ἐξεπολιόρκησαν | nsubj | high | |
| 2 | μέν | μέν | PART | Df | _ | 5 ἐξεπολιόρκησαν | discourse | high | |
| 3 | γʼ | γε | PART | Df | _ | 2 μέν | advmod | medium | Apocopated/elided form of γε. |
| 4 | αὐτοὺς | αὐτός | PRON | A-----AM3P | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3 | 5 ἐξεπολιόρκησαν | obj | high | |
| 5 | ἐξεπολιόρκησαν | ἐκπολιορκέω | VERB | V-AAI-3P- | Aspect=Perf|Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | medium | Form is morphologically aorist active indicative; lemma and aspectual interpretation follow the attested compound. |
| 6 | ἀπείργοντες | ἀπείργω | VERB | V-PAP-NPM- | Aspect=Imp|Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 5 ἐξεπολιόρκησαν | advcl | high | |
| 7 | διπλῷ | διπλόος | ADJ | A--DSM- | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 8 τείχει | amod | high | |
| 8 | τείχει | τεῖχος | NOUN | N--DSN- | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 6 ἀπείργοντες | obl | high | Instrumental or means dative. |
| 9 | μὴ | μή | PART | Df | _ | 10 ἐξελθεῖν | advmod | high | |
| 10 | ἐξελθεῖν | ἐξέρχομαι | VERB | V-2AAN- | Aspect=Aor|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act | 6 ἀπείργοντες | xcomp | high | Complementary infinitive after ἀπείργοντες. |
| 11 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | S--GSM- | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 12 ἄστεως | det | high | |
| 12 | ἄστεως | ἄστυ | NOUN | N--GSN- | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 10 ἐξελθεῖν | obl | high | Separation/source genitive with ἐξέρχομαι. |
| 13 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 5 ἐξεπολιόρκησαν | punct | high | |
| 14 | Θηβαῖοι | Θηβαῖος | PROPN | N----MP- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 19 ἀφελόμενοι | nsubj | high | Subject of the coordinated, elliptical second clause. |
| 15 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C- | _ | 19 ἀφελόμενοι | cc | high | |
| 16 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | R-------- | _ | 18 τότε | case | high | |
| 17 | τῷ | ὁ | DET | S--DSM- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 18 τότε | det | high | |
| 18 | τότε | τότε | ADV | D--------- | _ | 19 ἀφελόμενοι | obl | high | Substantivized temporal expression: ἐν τῷ τότε. |
| 19 | ἀφελόμενοι | ἀφαιρέω | VERB | V-2AD-NPM- | Aspect=Aor|Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | medium | Second coordinated predicate; the clause is elliptical and the exact relation to the first finite verb is interpretively uncertain. |
| 20 | μὴ | μή | PART | Df | _ | 21 ἐσελθεῖν | advmod | high | |
| 21 | ἐσελθεῖν | εἰσέρχομαι | VERB | V-2AAN- | Aspect=Aor|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act | 19 ἀφελόμενοι | xcomp | high | Complementary infinitive with elliptical governing force. |
| 22 | σφᾶς | σφεῖς | PRON | P---AP3P | Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3 | 19 ἀφελόμενοι | obj | medium | Accusative object of ἀφελόμενοι; alternatively interpretable as the understood subject of the infinitive. |
| 23 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | R-------- | _ | 25 τεῖχος | case | high | |
| 24 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | S---ASN- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 25 τεῖχος | det | high | |
| 25 | τεῖχος | τεῖχος | NOUN | N---ASN- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 21 ἐσελθεῖν | obl | high | Goal complement of ἐσελθεῖν. |
| 26 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 19 ἀφελόμενοι | punct | high |