Grammar parses for passage 9.1.8
Open translation for this passage
ἐγένετο δὲ ἡ ἅλωσις Πλαταίας ἡ δευτέρα μάχης μὲν τρίτῳ τῆς ἐν Λεύκτροις ἔτει πρότερον, Ἀστείου δὲ Ἀθήνῃσιν ἄρχοντος.
The sentence has a main event clause (ἡ ἅλωσις ... ἐγένετο) followed by two genitive absolute temporal clauses: μάχης ... ἔτει πρότερον and Ἀστείου ... ἄρχοντος. The phrase ἡ δευτέρα μάχης is construed as ‘the second [year] of the war/battle’; the omitted head is understood, so the attachment is somewhat uncertain.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἐγένετο | γίγνομαι | VERB | V-3S-AI-M | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 1 ἐγένετο | cc | high | |
| 3 | ἡ | ὁ | DET | T-N---NSF- | Case=Nom|Definite=Def|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 4 ἅλωσις | det | high | |
| 4 | ἅλωσις | ἅλωσις | NOUN | N1-NFS | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 1 ἐγένετο | nsubj | high | |
| 5 | Πλαταίας | Πλαταία | PROPN | N1-GFP | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 4 ἅλωσις | nmod | high | Genitive of the place captured. |
| 6 | ἡ | ὁ | DET | T-N---NSF- | Case=Nom|Definite=Def|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 7 δευτέρα | det | high | |
| 7 | δευτέρα | δεύτερος | ADJ | A-S---NSF- | Case=Nom|Degree=Pos|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 4 ἅλωσις | amod | medium | Predicative/appositional ordinal, with an understood temporal noun or phrase. |
| 8 | μάχης | μάχη | NOUN | N1-GFS | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 7 δευτέρα | nmod | medium | Genitive dependent on the ordinal phrase; semantic interpretation is ‘of the war/battle’. |
| 9 | μὲν | μέν | PART | PRT | _ | 8 μάχης | discourse | high | |
| 10 | τρίτῳ | τρίτος | ADJ | A-S---DSM- | Case=Dat|Degree=Pos|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 14 ἔτει | amod | high | Ordinal modifying ἔτει. |
| 11 | τῆς | ὁ | DET | T-GSF- | Case=Gen|Definite=Def|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 13 Λεύκτροις | det | high | |
| 12 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | P | _ | 13 Λεύκτροις | case | high | |
| 13 | Λεύκτροις | Λεῦκτρα | PROPN | N3P-DPN | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 11 τῆς | nmod | high | Place name in dative governed by ἐν; the determiner belongs to the larger place phrase. |
| 14 | ἔτει | ἔτος | NOUN | N3S-DSN | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 8 μάχης | nmod | high | Dative of time; πρότερον modifies the temporal phrase. |
| 15 | πρότερον | πρότερος | ADV | D | Degree=Cmp | 14 ἔτει | advmod | high | Adverbial comparative ‘earlier/before’. |
| 16 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 1 ἐγένετο | punct | high | |
| 17 | Ἀστείου | Ἀστεῖος | PROPN | A-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 20 ἄρχοντος | nsubj | high | Genitive absolute subject. |
| 18 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 20 ἄρχοντος | cc | medium | Connective particle within the second temporal clause. |
| 19 | Ἀθήνῃσιν | Ἀθῆναι | PROPN | N3P-DPN | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 20 ἄρχοντος | obl | high | Locative dative ‘at Athens’. |
| 20 | ἄρχοντος | ἄρχω | VERB | V-PAP-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 1 ἐγένετο | advcl | high | Genitive absolute temporal clause: ‘while Asteios was archon’. |
| 21 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 1 ἐγένετο | punct | high |
καὶ ἡ μὲν πόλις ὑπὸ τῶν Θηβαίων καθῃρέθη πλὴν τὰ ἱερά,
The finite passive verb καθῃρέθη is the root; ἡ πόλις is its nominative subject, ὑπό with the genitive marks the agent, and πλὴν τὰ ἱερά is an exceptive phrase with an accusative object understood as excluded from the destruction.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 8 καθῃρέθη | cc | high | |
| 2 | ἡ | ὁ | DET | T-NSF | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 4 πόλις | det | high | |
| 3 | μὲν | μέν | PART | P-G | _ | 4 πόλις | discourse | high | Correlative particle; counterpart may occur outside this sentence. |
| 4 | πόλις | πόλις | NOUN | N-NSF | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 8 καθῃρέθη | nsubj:pass | high | |
| 5 | ὑπὸ | ὑπό | ADP | P | _ | 7 Θηβαίων | case | high | Agent-marking preposition with genitive. |
| 6 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | T-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 7 Θηβαίων | det | high | |
| 7 | Θηβαίων | Θηβαῖος | PROPN | A-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 8 καθῃρέθη | obl:agent | high | Substantivized ethnic name, agent of the passive verb. |
| 8 | καθῃρέθη | καθαιρέω | VERB | V-3SAI-P | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Pass | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 9 | πλὴν | πλήν | ADP | P | _ | 11 ἱερά | case | medium | Exceptive preposition governing the following accusative phrase. |
| 10 | τὰ | ὁ | DET | T-APN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 11 ἱερά | det | high | |
| 11 | ἱερά | ἱερός | NOUN | A-APN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 8 καθῃρέθη | obl:except | medium | Substantivized neuter plural adjective; accusative phrase is excepted from the destruction. |
| 12 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 8 καθῃρέθη | punct | high |
τοῖς δὲ Πλαταιεῦσιν ὁ τρόπος τῆς ἁλώσεως σωτηρίαν παρέσχεν ἐν ἴσῳ πᾶσιν· ἐκπεσόντας δὲ σφᾶς ἐδέξαντο αὖθις οἱ Ἀθηναῖοι.
The first clause has τοῖς Πλαταιεῦσιν as a dative beneficiary/experiencer and ὁ τρόπος ... as subject of παρέσχεν; σωτηρίαν is the object. In the second clause, ἐκπεσόντας and σφᾶς are accusative plural forms referring to the Plataeans, with the participle functioning adverbially; οἱ Ἀθηναῖοι is the subject of ἐδέξαντο.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | τοῖς | ὁ | DET | T-d---- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 3 Πλαταιεῦσιν | det | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 9 παρέσχεν | cc | high | |
| 3 | Πλαταιεῦσιν | Πλαταιεύς | PROPN | Ne---- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 9 παρέσχεν | iobj | high | Dative of beneficiary/affected person. |
| 4 | ὁ | ὁ | DET | T-n---- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 5 τρόπος | det | high | |
| 5 | τρόπος | τρόπος | NOUN | N???? | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 9 παρέσχεν | nsubj | high | |
| 6 | τῆς | ὁ | DET | T-g---- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 7 ἁλώσεως | det | high | |
| 7 | ἁλώσεως | ἅλωσις | NOUN | N5gfs | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 5 τρόπος | nmod | high | Genitive dependent on τρόπος. |
| 8 | σωτηρίαν | σωτηρία | NOUN | N-AFS | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 9 παρέσχεν | obj | high | |
| 9 | παρέσχεν | παρέχω | VERB | V-3DAIA | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 10 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | R-------- | _ | 11 ἴσῳ | case | high | |
| 11 | ἴσῳ | ἴσος | ADJ | A----DSN | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 12 πᾶσιν | amod | medium | Substantivized neuter dative, ‘equally’; construction is elliptical/idiomatic. |
| 12 | πᾶσιν | πᾶς | ADJ | A-P--DS- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 9 παρέσχεν | obl | medium | Likely dative complement in the idiom ἐν ἴσῳ πᾶσιν, ‘equally for all’; exact attachment is somewhat elliptical. |
| 13 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 9 παρέσχεν | punct | high | |
| 14 | ἐκπεσόντας | ἐκπίπτω | VERB | V-2AAPAPM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 17 ἐδέξαντο | advcl | medium | Accusative participle agrees with σφᾶς and forms an accusative circumstantial construction. |
| 15 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 17 ἐδέξαντο | cc | high | |
| 16 | σφᾶς | σφεῖς | PRON | P-------- | Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=3 | 17 ἐδέξαντο | obj | high | Refers to the Plataeans. |
| 17 | ἐδέξαντο | δέχομαι | VERB | V-3AMIM | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Mid | 9 παρέσχεν | conj | high | |
| 18 | αὖθις | αὖθις | ADV | D-------- | _ | 17 ἐδέξαντο | advmod | high | |
| 19 | οἱ | ὁ | DET | T-n---- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 20 Ἀθηναῖοι | det | high | |
| 20 | Ἀθηναῖοι | Ἀθηναῖος | PROPN | Ne---- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 17 ἐδέξαντο | nsubj | high | |
| 21 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 17 ἐδέξαντο | punct | high |
Φιλίππου δέ, ὡς ἐκράτησεν ἐν Χαιρωνείᾳ, φρουράν τε ἐσαγαγόντος ἐς Θήβας καὶ ἄλλα ἐπὶ καταλύσει τῶν Θηβαίων πράσσοντος, οὕτω καὶ οἱ Πλαταιεῖς ὑπʼ αὐτοῦ κατήχθησαν.
The sentence has a genitive absolute centered on Φιλίππου, with ἐσαγαγόντος and πράσσοντος coordinated; ὡς ἐκράτησεν is a temporal subordinate clause.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Φιλίππου | Φίλιππος | PROPN | N-gen | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 28 κατήχθησαν | obl | high | Genitive absolute subject. |
| 2 | δέ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 28 κατήχθησαν | cc | high | |
| 3 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 5 ἐκράτησεν | punct | high | |
| 4 | ὡς | ὡς | SCONJ | CONJ | _ | 5 ἐκράτησεν | mark | high | Temporal clause marker. |
| 5 | ἐκράτησεν | κρατέω | VERB | V-Aor-Act-Ind-3-S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 20 πράσσοντος | advcl | high | Temporal clause. |
| 6 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | PREP | _ | 7 Χαιρωνείᾳ | case | high | |
| 7 | Χαιρωνείᾳ | Χαιρώνεια | PROPN | N-dat-fem | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 5 ἐκράτησεν | obl | high | |
| 8 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 5 ἐκράτησεν | punct | high | |
| 9 | φρουράν | φρουρά | NOUN | N-acc-fem | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 11 ἐσαγαγόντος | obj | high | |
| 10 | τε | τε | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 11 ἐσαγαγόντος | cc | high | Correlative with καί at token 14. |
| 11 | ἐσαγαγόντος | εἰσάγω | VERB | V-Aor-Act-Part-Gen-Masc-Sing | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Mood=Part|Number=Sing|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 20 πράσσοντος | advcl | high | Genitive absolute with Φιλίππου. |
| 12 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | PREP | _ | 13 Θήβας | case | high | |
| 13 | Θήβας | Θῆβαι | PROPN | N-acc-fem-pl | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 11 ἐσαγαγόντος | obl | high | |
| 14 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 20 πράσσοντος | cc | high | Coordinates participial predicates. |
| 15 | ἄλλα | ἄλλος | ADJ | A-acc-neut-pl | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 20 πράσσοντος | obj | medium | Substantivized neuter plural, object of πράσσοντος. |
| 16 | ἐπὶ | ἐπί | ADP | PREP | _ | 17 καταλύσει | case | high | |
| 17 | καταλύσει | κατάλυσις | NOUN | N-dat-fem-sing | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 20 πράσσοντος | obl | high | Purpose/result sense with ἐπί. |
| 18 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | T-gen-masc-pl | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 19 Θηβαίων | det | high | |
| 19 | Θηβαίων | Θηβαῖος | PROPN | N-gen-masc-pl | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 17 καταλύσει | nmod | high | Ethnic name used substantivally. |
| 20 | πράσσοντος | πράσσω | VERB | V-Pres-Act-Part-Gen-Masc-Sing | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Mood=Part|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 28 κατήχθησαν | advcl | high | Genitive absolute coordinated with ἐσαγαγόντος. |
| 21 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 28 κατήχθησαν | punct | high | |
| 22 | οὕτω | οὕτως | ADV | ADV | _ | 28 κατήχθησαν | advmod | high | Correlative adverb. |
| 23 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 28 κατήχθησαν | advmod | high | Adverbial καί, 'also'. |
| 24 | οἱ | ὁ | DET | T-nom-masc-pl | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 25 Πλαταιεῖς | det | high | |
| 25 | Πλαταιεῖς | Πλαταιεύς | PROPN | N-nom-masc-pl | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 28 κατήχθησαν | nsubj:pass | high | |
| 26 | ὑπʼ | ὑπό | ADP | PREP | _ | 27 αὐτοῦ | case | high | Agent of passive verb. |
| 27 | αὐτοῦ | αὐτός | PRON | P-gen-masc-sing | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Prs | 28 κατήχθησαν | obl:agent | high | Refers to Philip. |
| 28 | κατήχθησαν | κατάγω | VERB | V-Aor-Pass-Ind-3-Pl | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Pass | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 29 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 28 κατήχθησαν | punct | high |