Grammar parses for passage 9.1.8
Open translation for this passage
ἐγένετο δὲ ἡ ἅλωσις Πλαταίας ἡ δευτέρα μάχης μὲν τρίτῳ τῆς ἐν Λεύκτροις ἔτει πρότερον, Ἀστείου δὲ Ἀθήνῃσιν ἄρχοντος.
The sentence uses two temporal expressions, one with ἔτει τρίτῳ ... πρότερον and another genitive absolute with Ἀστείου ἄρχοντος.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἐγένετο | γίγνομαι | VERB | V-API3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main verb of the clause. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | PART | G-------- | _ | 1 ἐγένετο | discourse | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | ἡ | ὁ | DET | l-s---fn- | Case=Nom|Definite=Def|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 4 ἅλωσις | det | high | Article modifying ἅλωσις. |
| 4 | ἅλωσις | ἅλωσις | NOUN | n-s---fn- | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 1 ἐγένετο | nsubj | high | Subject of ἐγένετο. |
| 5 | Πλαταίας | Πλάταιαι | PROPN | n-p---fg- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 4 ἅλωσις | nmod | medium | Genitive of place/name; probably dependent on ἅλωσις. |
| 6 | ἡ | ὁ | DET | l-s---fn- | Case=Nom|Definite=Def|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 7 δευτέρα | det | high | Article modifying δευτέρα. |
| 7 | δευτέρα | δεύτερος | ADJ | a-s---fn- | Case=Nom|Degree=Pos|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 4 ἅλωσις | amod | medium | Adjectival modifier of ἅλωσις. |
| 8 | μάχης | μάχη | NOUN | n-s---fg- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 10 τρίτῳ | nmod | high | Genitive dependent on τρίτῳ. |
| 9 | μὲν | μέν | PART | G-------- | _ | 10 τρίτῳ | discourse | high | Correlative particle. |
| 10 | τρίτῳ | τρίτος | ADJ | a-s---nd- | Case=Dat|Degree=Pos|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 14 ἔτει | obl | high | Dative of time/measure with ἔτει. |
| 11 | τῆς | ὁ | DET | l-s---fg- | Case=Gen|Definite=Def|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 14 ἔτει | det | high | Article modifying the participial/noun phrase with ἐν Λεύκτροις. |
| 12 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | R-------- | _ | 13 Λεύκτροις | case | high | Preposition governing Λεύκτροις. |
| 13 | Λεύκτροις | Λεύκτρα | PROPN | n-p---nd- | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 14 ἔτει | nmod | high | Object of ἐν. |
| 14 | ἔτει | ἔτος | NOUN | n-s---nd- | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 1 ἐγένετο | obl | high | Temporal oblique attached to ἐγένετο. |
| 15 | πρότερον | πρότερον | ADV | d-------- | _ | 1 ἐγένετο | advmod | medium | Adverb modifying the event time; could be comparative adverb. |
| 16 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 1 ἐγένετο | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 17 | Ἀστείου | Ἀστέιος | PROPN | n-s---mg- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 20 ἄρχοντος | nsubj | medium | Genitive absolute subject; case chosen by participle. |
| 18 | δὲ | δέ | PART | G-------- | _ | 20 ἄρχοντος | discourse | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 19 | Ἀθήνῃσιν | Ἀθήναι | PROPN | n-p---fd- | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 20 ἄρχοντος | obl | medium | Locative dative: 'at Athens'. |
| 20 | ἄρχοντος | ἄρχω | VERB | v-papmg | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 1 ἐγένετο | advcl | high | Genitive absolute participle. |
| 21 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 1 ἐγένετο | punct | high | Punctuation. |
καὶ ἡ μὲν πόλις ὑπὸ τῶν Θηβαίων καθῃρέθη πλὴν τὰ ἱερά,
πλὴν τὰ ἱερά is an exceptive phrase; UD attachment is approximate because Greek usage can be analyzed as an adverbial exception.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 8 καθῃρέθη | cc | high | coordinating conjunction introducing the clause |
| 2 | ἡ | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Nom|Definite=Def|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 4 πόλις | det | high | article with πόλις |
| 3 | μὲν | μέν | PART | _ | _ | 4 πόλις | discourse | high | postpositive particle marking contrast |
| 4 | πόλις | πόλις | NOUN | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 8 καθῃρέθη | nsubj | high | subject of the passive verb |
| 5 | ὑπὸ | ὑπό | ADP | _ | _ | 8 καθῃρέθη | case | high | introduces agent phrase |
| 6 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Gen|Definite=Def|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 7 Θηβαίων | det | high | article with Θηβαίων |
| 7 | Θηβαίων | Θηβαῖος | PROPN | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 8 καθῃρέθη | nmod | high | agent nominal in genitive with ὑπό |
| 8 | καθῃρέθη | καθαιρέω | VERB | _ | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Pass | 0 ROOT | root | high | main verb |
| 9 | πλὴν | πλήν | ADP | _ | _ | 8 καθῃρέθη | advmod | medium | exceptive particle/preposition modifying the clause; relation approximate |
| 10 | τὰ | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Acc|Definite=Def|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 11 ἱερά | det | high | article with ἱερά |
| 11 | ἱερά | ἱερός | ADJ | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 9 πλὴν | obj | medium | neuter plural substantive after πλὴν, meaning 'the sacred things' or 'sanctuaries' |
| 12 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 8 καθῃρέθη | punct | high | punctuation |
τοῖς δὲ Πλαταιεῦσιν ὁ τρόπος τῆς ἁλώσεως σωτηρίαν παρέσχεν ἐν ἴσῳ πᾶσιν· ἐκπεσόντας δὲ σφᾶς ἐδέξαντο αὖθις οἱ Ἀθηναῖοι.
Two main clauses are coordinated only by punctuation; the second clause has a participial antecedent ἐκπεσόντας modifying the main verb ἐδέξαντο.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | τοῖς | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 3 Πλαταιεῦσιν | iobj | high | Article functioning with dative proper noun. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | PART | _ | _ | 9 παρέσχεν | discourse | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | Πλαταιεῦσιν | Πλαταιεύς | PROPN | _ | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 9 παρέσχεν | iobj | high | Dative recipient. |
| 4 | ὁ | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 5 τρόπος | det | high | Article with τρόπος. |
| 5 | τρόπος | τρόπος | NOUN | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 9 παρέσχεν | nsubj | high | Subject of παρέσχεν. |
| 6 | τῆς | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 7 ἁλώσεως | det | high | Article with ἁλώσεως. |
| 7 | ἁλώσεως | ἅλωσις | NOUN | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 5 τρόπος | nmod | high | Genitive modifier of τρόπος. |
| 8 | σωτηρίαν | σωτηρία | NOUN | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 9 παρέσχεν | obj | high | Direct object. |
| 9 | παρέσχεν | παρέχω | VERB | _ | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main verb of first clause. |
| 10 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | _ | _ | 11 ἴσῳ | case | high | Preposition governing ἴσῳ. |
| 11 | ἴσῳ | ἴσος | ADJ | _ | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 9 παρέσχεν | obl | high | Adverbial dative phrase with ἐν. |
| 12 | πᾶσιν | πᾶς | ADJ | _ | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 11 ἴσῳ | obl | medium | Likely governed by ἐν ἴσῳ in sense 'for all alike'. |
| 13 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 9 παρέσχεν | punct | high | Sentence punctuation. |
| 14 | ἐκπεσόντας | ἐκπίπτω | VERB | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 17 ἐδέξαντο | advcl | high | Circumstantial participle. |
| 15 | δὲ | δέ | PART | _ | _ | 17 ἐδέξαντο | discourse | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 16 | σφᾶς | σφεῖς | PRON | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs | 17 ἐδέξαντο | obj | high | Object of ἐδέξαντο, coreferential with participle. |
| 17 | ἐδέξαντο | δέχομαι | VERB | _ | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main verb of second clause. |
| 18 | αὖθις | αὖθις | ADV | _ | _ | 17 ἐδέξαντο | advmod | high | Adverb modifying ἐδέξαντο. |
| 19 | οἱ | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 20 Ἀθηναῖοι | det | high | Article with Ἀθηναῖοι. |
| 20 | Ἀθηναῖοι | Ἀθηναῖος | PROPN | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 17 ἐδέξαντο | nsubj | high | Subject of ἐδέξαντο. |
| 21 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 17 ἐδέξαντο | punct | high | Sentence punctuation. |
Φιλίππου δέ, ὡς ἐκράτησεν ἐν Χαιρωνείᾳ, φρουράν τε ἐσαγαγόντος ἐς Θήβας καὶ ἄλλα ἐπὶ καταλύσει τῶν Θηβαίων πράσσοντος, οὕτω καὶ οἱ Πλαταιεῖς ὑπʼ αὐτοῦ κατήχθησαν.
The sentence is built around a main passive verb with two preceding genitive absolutes; the second one coordinates a participial object phrase, and the first temporal clause is introduced by ὡς.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Φιλίππου | Φίλιππος | PROPN | N-PRI---NGS- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 11 ἐσαγαγόντος | nsubj | high | Genitive absolute subject. |
| 2 | δέ | δέ | PART | G-------- | _ | 11 ἐσαγαγόντος | discourse | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 11 ἐσαγαγόντος | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 4 | ὡς | ὡς | SCONJ | C-------- | _ | 5 ἐκράτησεν | mark | high | Marks temporal clause. |
| 5 | ἐκράτησεν | κρατέω | VERB | V-PAI-3S- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 11 ἐσαγαγόντος | advcl | high | Finite verb in temporal clause. |
| 6 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | R-------- | _ | 7 Χαιρωνείᾳ | case | high | Preposition. |
| 7 | Χαιρωνείᾳ | Χαιρώνεια | PROPN | N-PRI---DFS | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 5 ἐκράτησεν | obl | high | Locative complement. |
| 8 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 11 ἐσαγαγόντος | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 9 | φρουράν | φρουρά | NOUN | N-ASF--- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 11 ἐσαγαγόντος | obj | high | Object of participle. |
| 10 | τε | τε | CCONJ | G-------- | _ | 11 ἐσαγαγόντος | cc | high | Enclitic connective. |
| 11 | ἐσαγαγόντος | εἰσάγω | VERB | V-AAP-GSM- | Aspect=Perf|Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 28 κατήχθησαν | advcl | high | Genitive absolute participle. |
| 12 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | R-------- | _ | 13 Θήβας | case | high | Preposition. |
| 13 | Θήβας | Θῆβαι | PROPN | N-PRI---AFP | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 11 ἐσαγαγόντος | obl | high | Goal complement. |
| 14 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 20 πράσσοντος | cc | high | Coordinates participial predicates. |
| 15 | ἄλλα | ἄλλος | ADJ | A-APN--- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 20 πράσσοντος | obj | medium | Likely substantive object of πράσσοντος. |
| 16 | ἐπὶ | ἐπί | ADP | R-------- | _ | 17 καταλύσει | case | high | Preposition. |
| 17 | καταλύσει | κατάλυσις | NOUN | N-DSF--- | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 20 πράσσοντος | obl | medium | Purpose/result phrase with ἐπί. |
| 18 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | L-AP--- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 19 Θηβαίων | det | high | Article. |
| 19 | Θηβαίων | Θηβαῖος | ADJ | A-GPM--- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 17 καταλύσει | nmod | high | Substantival adjective. |
| 20 | πράσσοντος | πράσσω | VERB | V-PAP-GSM- | Aspect=Imp|Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 11 ἐσαγαγόντος | conj | high | Second genitive absolute participle. |
| 21 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 11 ἐσαγαγόντος | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 22 | οὕτω | οὕτως | ADV | D-------- | _ | 28 κατήχθησαν | advmod | high | Correlative adverb. |
| 23 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 25 Πλαταιεῖς | cc | high | Coordinating particle. |
| 24 | οἱ | ὁ | DET | L-AP--- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 25 Πλαταιεῖς | det | high | Article. |
| 25 | Πλαταιεῖς | Πλαταιεύς | PROPN | N-PRI---NPM- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 28 κατήχθησαν | nsubj | high | Subject of main verb. |
| 26 | ὑπʼ | ὑπό | ADP | R-------- | _ | 27 αὐτοῦ | case | high | Agentive preposition. |
| 27 | αὐτοῦ | αὐτός | PRON | P-S---GSM- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs | 28 κατήχθησαν | obl | high | Agent in passive construction. |
| 28 | κατήχθησαν | κατάγω | VERB | V-API-3P- | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Pass | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main verb. |
| 29 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 28 κατήχθησαν | punct | high | Punctuation. |