Grammar parses for passage 9.11.4
Open translation for this passage
ἐνταῦθα Ἡρακλεῖόν ἐστιν,
Simple locative/existential clause: ἐνταῦθα modifies εἰμί, with the neuter place-name as subject.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἐνταῦθα | ἐνταῦθα | ADV | D-------- | PronType=Dem | 3 ἐστιν | advmod | high | |
| 2 | Ἡρακλεῖόν | Ἡράκλειον | PROPN | Neut Nom Sg | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 3 ἐστιν | nsubj | high | Place-name, neuter nominative singular. |
| 3 | ἐστιν | εἰμί | AUX | V-PAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 4 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 3 ἐστιν | punct | high |
ἄγαλμα δὲ τὸ μὲν λίθου λευκοῦ Πρόμαχος καλούμενον, ἔργον δὲ Ξενοκρίτου καὶ Εὐβίου Θηβαίων·
Elliptical nominal coordination: ἄγαλμα ... [was/is] Πρόμαχος καλούμενον, ἔργον δὲ [was/is] Ξενοκρίτου καὶ Εὐβίου Θηβαίων. The masculine proper name is the predicate of the naming construction.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἄγαλμα | ἄγαλμα | NOUN | n-s---na- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 0 ROOT | root | high | Head noun of the elliptical nominal sentence. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | c-------- | _ | 1 ἄγαλμα | cc | high | |
| 3 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | l-s---na- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 8 καλούμενον | det | high | Article with the attributive participle. |
| 4 | μὲν | μέν | PART | d-------- | _ | 3 τὸ | advmod | high | Correlative particle, answered by δέ. |
| 5 | λίθου | λίθος | NOUN | n-s---mg- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 8 καλούμενον | obl | high | Material genitive with καλούμενον/ἄγαλμα. |
| 6 | λευκοῦ | λευκός | ADJ | a-s---mg- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 5 λίθου | amod | high | |
| 7 | Πρόμαχος | Πρόμαχος | PROPN | n-s---mn- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 8 καλούμενον | xcomp | medium | Predicate name with the passive naming participle; the form is masculine despite neuter ἄγαλμα. |
| 8 | καλούμενον | καλέω | VERB | v-sppanm- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass | 1 ἄγαλμα | acl | high | Attributive passive participle modifying ἄγαλμα. |
| 9 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 1 ἄγαλμα | punct | high | |
| 10 | ἔργον | ἔργον | NOUN | n-s---nn- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 1 ἄγαλμα | conj | high | Second coordinated nominal predicate, with omitted repeated verb/copula. |
| 11 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | c-------- | _ | 10 ἔργον | cc | high | |
| 12 | Ξενοκρίτου | Ξενόκριτος | PROPN | n-s---mg- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 10 ἔργον | nmod | high | Genitive of authorship. |
| 13 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | c-------- | _ | 14 Εὐβίου | cc | high | |
| 14 | Εὐβίου | Εὔβιος | PROPN | n-s---mg- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 12 Ξενοκρίτου | conj | high | Second genitive author coordinated with Ξενοκρίτου. |
| 15 | Θηβαίων | Θηβαῖος | PROPN | a-p---mg- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 12 Ξενοκρίτου | nmod | medium | Ethnic genitive, likely specifying the Theban authors; adjectival proper-name analysis. |
| 16 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 1 ἄγαλμα | punct | high |
τὸ δὲ ξόανον τὸ ἀρχαῖον Θηβαῖοί τε εἶναι Δαιδάλου νενομίκασι καὶ αὐτῷ μοι παρίστατο ἔχειν οὕτω.
The sentence contains an indirect statement with ξόανον as object of νενομίκασι and εἶναι as its infinitive; παρίστατο introduces the speaker’s accompanying impression, with αὐτῷ and μοι somewhat idiomatic datives.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | article-ACC-SG-NEUT | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 3 ξόανον | det | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 3 ξόανον | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | ξόανον | ξόανον | NOUN | N-ACC-SG-NEUT | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 10 νενομίκασι | obj | high | |
| 4 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | article-ACC-SG-NEUT | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 5 ἀρχαῖον | det | high | |
| 5 | ἀρχαῖον | ἀρχαῖος | ADJ | A-ACC-SG-NEUT | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 3 ξόανον | amod | high | Attributive adjective with ξόανον. |
| 6 | Θηβαῖοί | Θηβαῖος | PROPN | A-NOM-PL-MASC | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 10 νενομίκασι | nsubj | high | Subject of νενομίκασι. |
| 7 | τε | τε | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 6 Θηβαῖοί | cc | high | Correlative/continuative τε. |
| 8 | εἶναι | εἰμί | AUX | V-INF-PRES-ACT | Mood=Inf|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 10 νενομίκασι | xcomp | high | Infinitive in an accusative-and-infinitive construction. |
| 9 | Δαιδάλου | Δαίδαλος | PROPN | N-GEN-SG-MASC | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 8 εἶναι | nsubj | medium | Genitive subject of εἶναι in indirect statement. |
| 10 | νενομίκασι | νομίζω | VERB | V-IND-PERF-ACT-3PL | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Perf|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 11 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 14 παρίστατο | cc | high | Coordinates the following clause with the preceding assertion. |
| 12 | αὐτῷ | αὐτός | PRON | PERS-DAT-SG-MASC | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Prs | 14 παρίστατο | obl | medium | Dative with παρίστατο, likely ‘to/in my mind’ or dative of association. |
| 13 | μοι | ἐγώ | PRON | PERS-DAT-SG | Case=Dat|Number=Sing|Person=1|PronType=Prs | 14 παρίστατο | iobj | medium | Ethical/dative participant with παρίστατο; construction is somewhat idiomatic. |
| 14 | παρίστατο | παρίστημι | VERB | V-IND-IMPF-MP-3SG | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Imp|Voice=Mid | 10 νενομίκασι | conj | high | Imperfect middle, coordinated with the main assertion. |
| 15 | ἔχειν | ἔχω | VERB | V-INF-PRES-ACT | Mood=Inf|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 14 παρίστατο | xcomp | high | Infinitive complementary to παρίστατο. |
| 16 | οὕτω | οὕτω | ADV | ADV | _ | 15 ἔχειν | advmod | high | |
| 17 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 10 νενομίκασι | punct | high |
τοῦτον ἀνέθηκεν αὐτός, ὡς λέγεται, Δαίδαλος ἐκτίνων εὐεργεσίας χάριν.
The parenthetical ὡς λέγεται interrupts the main clause; Δαίδαλος ἐκτίνων is an attributive/circumstantial participial attribution, with χάριν εὐεργεσίας expressing motive or recompense.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | τοῦτον | οὗτος | PRON | Pd | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 2 ἀνέθηκεν | obj | high | Demonstrative pronoun, direct object of ἀνέθηκεν. |
| 2 | ἀνέθηκεν | ἀνατίθημι | VERB | V-AAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main finite verb. |
| 3 | αὐτός | αὐτός | PRON | Pp | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 2 ἀνέθηκεν | nsubj | high | Intensive pronoun functioning as subject. |
| 4 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 2 ἀνέθηκεν | punct | high | |
| 5 | ὡς | ὡς | SCONJ | C | _ | 6 λέγεται | mark | high | Introduces the parenthetical report clause. |
| 6 | λέγεται | λέγω | VERB | V-PPI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Pass | 2 ἀνέθηκεν | parataxis | medium | Impersonal or passive parenthetical ‘as it is said’; attached as a paratactic reporting clause. |
| 7 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 6 λέγεται | punct | high | |
| 8 | Δαίδαλος | Δαίδαλος | PROPN | Ne | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 9 ἐκτίνων | nsubj | high | Subject of the participle ἐκτίνων within the reported attribution. |
| 9 | ἐκτίνων | ἐκτίνω | VERB | V-PAP-NMS | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 2 ἀνέθηκεν | advcl | medium | Present active participle, circumstantial to ἀνέθηκεν; Δαίδαλος is its explicit subject. |
| 10 | εὐεργεσίας | εὐεργεσία | NOUN | N-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 11 χάριν | obl | medium | Genitive dependent on χάριν in the idiom χάριν εὐεργεσίας, ‘in return for a benefaction’. |
| 11 | χάριν | χάρις | NOUN | N-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 9 ἐκτίνων | obl | high | Accusative of purpose/reason with χάριν, following the participle. |
| 12 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 2 ἀνέθηκεν | punct | high |
ἡνίκα γὰρ ἔφευγεν ἐκ Κρήτης πλοῖα οὐ μεγάλα αὑτῷ καὶ τῷ παιδὶ Ἰκάρῳ ποιησάμενος, πρὸς δὲ καὶ ταῖς ναυσίν, ὃ μή πω τοῖς τότε ἐξεύρητο, ἱστία ἐπιτεχνησάμενος, ὡς τοῦ Μίνω ναυτικοῦ τὴν εἰρεσίαν φθάνοιεν ἐπιφόρῳ τῷ ἀνέμῳ χρώμενοι,
Complex temporal clause: Δαίδαλος is the understood subject of ἔφευγεν and the participles; πλοῖα is the object of ποιησάμενος, while Ἰκάρῳ is a beneficiary/dative complement. The relative clause modifies the sails; ὡς introduces the intended result/aim, with φθάνοιεν agreeing with the understood plural subject (Daedalus and Icarus).
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἡνίκα | ἡνίκα | SCONJ | ADV/SCONJ | PronType=Rel | 3 ἔφευγεν | mark | high | Temporal subordinator. |
| 2 | γὰρ | γάρ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 3 ἔφευγεν | cc | high | Postpositive explanatory conjunction. |
| 3 | ἔφευγεν | φεύγω | VERB | V-IAI-3S | Mood=Indicative|Number=Singular|Person=3|Tense=Imperfect|Voice=Active | 0 ROOT | root | high | Finite verb; subject is understood Δαίδαλος. |
| 4 | ἐκ | ἐκ | ADP | PREP | _ | 5 Κρήτης | case | high | Preposition governing genitive. |
| 5 | Κρήτης | Κρήτη | PROPN | N-GSF | Case=Genitive|Gender=Feminine|Number=Singular | 3 ἔφευγεν | obl | high | Point of departure. |
| 6 | πλοῖα | πλοῖον | NOUN | N-APN | Case=Accusative|Gender=Neuter|Number=Plural | 14 ποιησάμενος | obj | high | Object of ποιησάμενος. |
| 7 | οὐ | οὐ | PART | PART | Polarity=Neg | 8 μεγάλα | advmod | high | Negates μεγάλα. |
| 8 | μεγάλα | μέγας | ADJ | A-APN | Case=Accusative|Gender=Neuter|Number=Plural | 6 πλοῖα | amod | high | Predicate-like modifier of πλοῖα. |
| 9 | αὑτῷ | ἑαυτοῦ | PRON | P-3DSM | Case=Dative|Gender=Masculine|Number=Singular|Person=3|PronType=Prs|Reflex=Yes | 14 ποιησάμενος | iobj | medium | Reflexive beneficiary, ‘for himself’. |
| 10 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 12 παιδὶ | cc | high | Coordinates dative beneficiaries. |
| 11 | τῷ | ὁ | DET | T-DSM | Case=Dative|Gender=Masculine|Number=Singular|PronType=Art | 12 παιδὶ | det | high | Article with παιδί. |
| 12 | παιδὶ | παῖς | NOUN | N-DSM | Case=Dative|Gender=Masculine|Number=Singular | 14 ποιησάμενος | iobj | high | Beneficiary of making. |
| 13 | Ἰκάρῳ | Ἴκαρος | PROPN | N-DSM | Case=Dative|Gender=Masculine|Number=Singular | 12 παιδὶ | appos | high | Apposition to παιδί. |
| 14 | ποιησάμενος | ποιέω | VERB | V-AMP-NMS | Case=Nominative|Gender=Masculine|Mood=Participle|Number=Singular|Tense=Aorist|Voice=Middle | 3 ἔφευγεν | advcl | high | Circumstantial participle, subject co-referential with Δαίδαλος. |
| 15 | , | , | PUNCT | PUNCT | _ | 14 ποιησάμενος | punct | high | |
| 16 | πρὸς | πρός | ADP | PREP | _ | 20 ναυσίν | case | medium | Here likely ‘in addition to/with’ the ships; construction is elliptical. |
| 17 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 30 ἐπιτεχνησάμενος | cc | high | Adversative/additive connective. |
| 18 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 20 ναυσίν | cc | high | Coordinates the prepositional phrase with the preceding object phrase. |
| 19 | ταῖς | ὁ | DET | T-DPF | Case=Dative|Gender=Feminine|Number=Plural|PronType=Art | 20 ναυσίν | det | high | Article with ναυσίν. |
| 20 | ναυσίν | ναῦς | NOUN | N-DPF | Case=Dative|Gender=Feminine|Number=Plural | 30 ἐπιτεχνησάμενος | obl | medium | Dative form; governed relation with πρὸς is syntactically irregular/elliptical. |
| 21 | , | , | PUNCT | PUNCT | _ | 20 ναυσίν | punct | high | |
| 22 | ὃ | ὅς | PRON | P-ASN | Case=Accusative|Gender=Neuter|Number=Singular|PronType=Rel | 27 ἐξεύρητο | nsubj:pass | medium | Relative pronoun, likely referring to the innovation/object understood from sails; case is difficult. |
| 23 | μή | μή | PART | PART | Polarity=Neg | 27 ἐξεύρητο | advmod | high | Negates ἐξεύρητο. |
| 24 | πω | πω | ADV | ADV | _ | 27 ἐξεύρητο | advmod | high | ‘Yet/still’; temporal adverb. |
| 25 | τοῖς | ὁ | DET | T-DPM | Case=Dative|Gender=Masculine|Number=Plural|PronType=Art | 26 τότε | det | high | Article with τότε understood substantival reference. |
| 26 | τότε | τότε | ADV | ADV | _ | 27 ἐξεύρητο | obl | medium | Temporal adverb with substantivized article: ‘people of that time’. |
| 27 | ἐξεύρητο | ἐξευρίσκω | VERB | V-LMI-3S | Mood=Indicative|Number=Singular|Person=3|Tense=Pluperfect|Voice=Middle | 22 ὃ | acl:relcl | medium | Pluperfect middle/passive; likely ‘had not yet been discovered/invented’. |
| 28 | , | , | PUNCT | PUNCT | _ | 27 ἐξεύρητο | punct | high | |
| 29 | ἱστία | ἱστίον | NOUN | N-APN | Case=Accusative|Gender=Neuter|Number=Plural | 30 ἐπιτεχνησάμενος | obj | high | Object of ἐπιτεχνησάμενος. |
| 30 | ἐπιτεχνησάμενος | ἐπιτεχνάομαι | VERB | V-AMP-NMS | Case=Nominative|Gender=Masculine|Mood=Participle|Number=Singular|Tense=Aorist|Voice=Middle | 3 ἔφευγεν | advcl | high | Second circumstantial participle, same subject as ἔφευγεν. |
| 31 | , | , | PUNCT | PUNCT | _ | 30 ἐπιτεχνησάμενος | punct | high | |
| 32 | ὡς | ὡς | SCONJ | CONJ | _ | 38 φθάνοιεν | mark | medium | Introduces intended result/aim clause. |
| 33 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | T-GSM | Case=Genitive|Gender=Masculine|Number=Singular|PronType=Art | 35 ναυτικοῦ | det | high | Article with Μίνω. |
| 34 | Μίνω | Μίνως | PROPN | N-GSM | Case=Genitive|Gender=Masculine|Number=Singular | 35 ναυτικοῦ | nmod | high | Genitive possessor. |
| 35 | ναυτικοῦ | ναυτικός | ADJ | A-GSM | Case=Genitive|Gender=Neuter|Number=Singular | 37 εἰρεσίαν | nmod | medium | Substantivized adjective, ‘naval force/fleet’; gender may reflect an understood neuter noun. |
| 36 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | T-ASF | Case=Accusative|Gender=Feminine|Number=Singular|PronType=Art | 37 εἰρεσίαν | det | high | Article with εἰρεσίαν. |
| 37 | εἰρεσίαν | εἰρεσία | NOUN | N-ASF | Case=Accusative|Gender=Feminine|Number=Singular | 38 φθάνοιεν | obj | high | Object of φθάνοιεν. |
| 38 | φθάνοιεν | φθάνω | VERB | V-PAO-3P | Mood=Optative|Number=Plural|Person=3|Tense=Present|Voice=Active | 3 ἔφευγεν | advcl | medium | Optative in ὡς clause; understood subject is Daedalus and Icarus, or possibly a generic plural. |
| 39 | ἐπιφόρῳ | ἐπίφορος | ADJ | A-DSM | Case=Dative|Gender=Masculine|Number=Singular | 41 ἀνέμῳ | amod | medium | Agrees with ἀνέμῳ; ‘favorable/bearing’. |
| 40 | τῷ | ὁ | DET | T-DSM | Case=Dative|Gender=Masculine|Number=Singular|PronType=Art | 41 ἀνέμῳ | det | high | Article with ἀνέμῳ. |
| 41 | ἀνέμῳ | ἄνεμος | NOUN | N-DSM | Case=Dative|Gender=Masculine|Number=Singular | 42 χρώμενοι | obl | high | Dative complement of χράομαι. |
| 42 | χρώμενοι | χράομαι | VERB | V-PMP-NMP | Case=Nominative|Gender=Masculine|Mood=Participle|Number=Plural|Tense=Present|Voice=Middle | 38 φθάνοιεν | advcl | high | Circumstantial participle; plural subject matches the intended plural subject of φθάνοιεν. |
| 43 | , | , | PUNCT | PUNCT | _ | 38 φθάνοιεν | punct | high |
τότε αὐτὸς μὲν σώζεται Δαίδαλος,
The sentence has a marked contrastive μέν construction: Δαίδαλος is the nominative subject of the passive σώζεται; τότε is a temporal adverb and αὐτός is a contrastively focused subject-oriented pronoun.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | τότε | τότε | ADV | D | PronType=Dem | 4 σώζεται | advmod | high | |
| 2 | αὐτὸς | αὐτός | PRON | A-P---NM-S | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Int | 4 σώζεται | nsubj | high | Intensifying/contrastive use with the nominative subject. |
| 3 | μὲν | μέν | PART | G--------- | _ | 4 σώζεται | discourse | high | First member of a μέν...δέ contrast; the δέ counterpart is outside this sentence. |
| 4 | σώζεται | σώζω | VERB | V-PPM-3S- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Pass | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 5 | Δαίδαλος | Δαίδαλος | PROPN | N----NSM- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 4 σώζεται | nsubj | high | |
| 6 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 4 σώζεται | punct | high |