Grammar parses for passage 9.11.4
Open translation for this passage
ἡνίκα γὰρ ἔφευγεν ἐκ Κρήτης πλοῖα οὐ μεγάλα αὑτῷ καὶ τῷ παιδὶ Ἰκάρῳ ποιησάμενος, πρὸς δὲ καὶ ταῖς ναυσίν, ὃ μή πω τοῖς τότε ἐξεύρητο, ἱστία ἐπιτεχνησάμενος, ὡς τοῦ Μίνω ναυτικοῦ τὴν εἰρεσίαν φθάνοιεν ἐπιφόρῳ τῷ ἀνέμῳ χρώμενοι,
Complex temporal clause: Δαίδαλος is the understood subject of ἔφευγεν and the participles; πλοῖα is the object of ποιησάμενος, while Ἰκάρῳ is a beneficiary/dative complement. The relative clause modifies the sails; ὡς introduces the intended result/aim, with φθάνοιεν agreeing with the understood plural subject (Daedalus and Icarus).
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἡνίκα | ἡνίκα | SCONJ | ADV/SCONJ | PronType=Rel | 3 ἔφευγεν | mark | high | Temporal subordinator. |
| 2 | γὰρ | γάρ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 3 ἔφευγεν | cc | high | Postpositive explanatory conjunction. |
| 3 | ἔφευγεν | φεύγω | VERB | V-IAI-3S | Mood=Indicative|Number=Singular|Person=3|Tense=Imperfect|Voice=Active | 0 ROOT | root | high | Finite verb; subject is understood Δαίδαλος. |
| 4 | ἐκ | ἐκ | ADP | PREP | _ | 5 Κρήτης | case | high | Preposition governing genitive. |
| 5 | Κρήτης | Κρήτη | PROPN | N-GSF | Case=Genitive|Gender=Feminine|Number=Singular | 3 ἔφευγεν | obl | high | Point of departure. |
| 6 | πλοῖα | πλοῖον | NOUN | N-APN | Case=Accusative|Gender=Neuter|Number=Plural | 14 ποιησάμενος | obj | high | Object of ποιησάμενος. |
| 7 | οὐ | οὐ | PART | PART | Polarity=Neg | 8 μεγάλα | advmod | high | Negates μεγάλα. |
| 8 | μεγάλα | μέγας | ADJ | A-APN | Case=Accusative|Gender=Neuter|Number=Plural | 6 πλοῖα | amod | high | Predicate-like modifier of πλοῖα. |
| 9 | αὑτῷ | ἑαυτοῦ | PRON | P-3DSM | Case=Dative|Gender=Masculine|Number=Singular|Person=3|PronType=Prs|Reflex=Yes | 14 ποιησάμενος | iobj | medium | Reflexive beneficiary, ‘for himself’. |
| 10 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 12 παιδὶ | cc | high | Coordinates dative beneficiaries. |
| 11 | τῷ | ὁ | DET | T-DSM | Case=Dative|Gender=Masculine|Number=Singular|PronType=Art | 12 παιδὶ | det | high | Article with παιδί. |
| 12 | παιδὶ | παῖς | NOUN | N-DSM | Case=Dative|Gender=Masculine|Number=Singular | 14 ποιησάμενος | iobj | high | Beneficiary of making. |
| 13 | Ἰκάρῳ | Ἴκαρος | PROPN | N-DSM | Case=Dative|Gender=Masculine|Number=Singular | 12 παιδὶ | appos | high | Apposition to παιδί. |
| 14 | ποιησάμενος | ποιέω | VERB | V-AMP-NMS | Case=Nominative|Gender=Masculine|Mood=Participle|Number=Singular|Tense=Aorist|Voice=Middle | 3 ἔφευγεν | advcl | high | Circumstantial participle, subject co-referential with Δαίδαλος. |
| 15 | , | , | PUNCT | PUNCT | _ | 14 ποιησάμενος | punct | high | |
| 16 | πρὸς | πρός | ADP | PREP | _ | 20 ναυσίν | case | medium | Here likely ‘in addition to/with’ the ships; construction is elliptical. |
| 17 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 30 ἐπιτεχνησάμενος | cc | high | Adversative/additive connective. |
| 18 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 20 ναυσίν | cc | high | Coordinates the prepositional phrase with the preceding object phrase. |
| 19 | ταῖς | ὁ | DET | T-DPF | Case=Dative|Gender=Feminine|Number=Plural|PronType=Art | 20 ναυσίν | det | high | Article with ναυσίν. |
| 20 | ναυσίν | ναῦς | NOUN | N-DPF | Case=Dative|Gender=Feminine|Number=Plural | 30 ἐπιτεχνησάμενος | obl | medium | Dative form; governed relation with πρὸς is syntactically irregular/elliptical. |
| 21 | , | , | PUNCT | PUNCT | _ | 20 ναυσίν | punct | high | |
| 22 | ὃ | ὅς | PRON | P-ASN | Case=Accusative|Gender=Neuter|Number=Singular|PronType=Rel | 27 ἐξεύρητο | nsubj:pass | medium | Relative pronoun, likely referring to the innovation/object understood from sails; case is difficult. |
| 23 | μή | μή | PART | PART | Polarity=Neg | 27 ἐξεύρητο | advmod | high | Negates ἐξεύρητο. |
| 24 | πω | πω | ADV | ADV | _ | 27 ἐξεύρητο | advmod | high | ‘Yet/still’; temporal adverb. |
| 25 | τοῖς | ὁ | DET | T-DPM | Case=Dative|Gender=Masculine|Number=Plural|PronType=Art | 26 τότε | det | high | Article with τότε understood substantival reference. |
| 26 | τότε | τότε | ADV | ADV | _ | 27 ἐξεύρητο | obl | medium | Temporal adverb with substantivized article: ‘people of that time’. |
| 27 | ἐξεύρητο | ἐξευρίσκω | VERB | V-LMI-3S | Mood=Indicative|Number=Singular|Person=3|Tense=Pluperfect|Voice=Middle | 22 ὃ | acl:relcl | medium | Pluperfect middle/passive; likely ‘had not yet been discovered/invented’. |
| 28 | , | , | PUNCT | PUNCT | _ | 27 ἐξεύρητο | punct | high | |
| 29 | ἱστία | ἱστίον | NOUN | N-APN | Case=Accusative|Gender=Neuter|Number=Plural | 30 ἐπιτεχνησάμενος | obj | high | Object of ἐπιτεχνησάμενος. |
| 30 | ἐπιτεχνησάμενος | ἐπιτεχνάομαι | VERB | V-AMP-NMS | Case=Nominative|Gender=Masculine|Mood=Participle|Number=Singular|Tense=Aorist|Voice=Middle | 3 ἔφευγεν | advcl | high | Second circumstantial participle, same subject as ἔφευγεν. |
| 31 | , | , | PUNCT | PUNCT | _ | 30 ἐπιτεχνησάμενος | punct | high | |
| 32 | ὡς | ὡς | SCONJ | CONJ | _ | 38 φθάνοιεν | mark | medium | Introduces intended result/aim clause. |
| 33 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | T-GSM | Case=Genitive|Gender=Masculine|Number=Singular|PronType=Art | 35 ναυτικοῦ | det | high | Article with Μίνω. |
| 34 | Μίνω | Μίνως | PROPN | N-GSM | Case=Genitive|Gender=Masculine|Number=Singular | 35 ναυτικοῦ | nmod | high | Genitive possessor. |
| 35 | ναυτικοῦ | ναυτικός | ADJ | A-GSM | Case=Genitive|Gender=Neuter|Number=Singular | 37 εἰρεσίαν | nmod | medium | Substantivized adjective, ‘naval force/fleet’; gender may reflect an understood neuter noun. |
| 36 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | T-ASF | Case=Accusative|Gender=Feminine|Number=Singular|PronType=Art | 37 εἰρεσίαν | det | high | Article with εἰρεσίαν. |
| 37 | εἰρεσίαν | εἰρεσία | NOUN | N-ASF | Case=Accusative|Gender=Feminine|Number=Singular | 38 φθάνοιεν | obj | high | Object of φθάνοιεν. |
| 38 | φθάνοιεν | φθάνω | VERB | V-PAO-3P | Mood=Optative|Number=Plural|Person=3|Tense=Present|Voice=Active | 3 ἔφευγεν | advcl | medium | Optative in ὡς clause; understood subject is Daedalus and Icarus, or possibly a generic plural. |
| 39 | ἐπιφόρῳ | ἐπίφορος | ADJ | A-DSM | Case=Dative|Gender=Masculine|Number=Singular | 41 ἀνέμῳ | amod | medium | Agrees with ἀνέμῳ; ‘favorable/bearing’. |
| 40 | τῷ | ὁ | DET | T-DSM | Case=Dative|Gender=Masculine|Number=Singular|PronType=Art | 41 ἀνέμῳ | det | high | Article with ἀνέμῳ. |
| 41 | ἀνέμῳ | ἄνεμος | NOUN | N-DSM | Case=Dative|Gender=Masculine|Number=Singular | 42 χρώμενοι | obl | high | Dative complement of χράομαι. |
| 42 | χρώμενοι | χράομαι | VERB | V-PMP-NMP | Case=Nominative|Gender=Masculine|Mood=Participle|Number=Plural|Tense=Present|Voice=Middle | 38 φθάνοιεν | advcl | high | Circumstantial participle; plural subject matches the intended plural subject of φθάνοιεν. |
| 43 | , | , | PUNCT | PUNCT | _ | 38 φθάνοιεν | punct | high |
τότε αὐτὸς μὲν σώζεται Δαίδαλος,
The sentence has a marked contrastive μέν construction: Δαίδαλος is the nominative subject of the passive σώζεται; τότε is a temporal adverb and αὐτός is a contrastively focused subject-oriented pronoun.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | τότε | τότε | ADV | D | PronType=Dem | 4 σώζεται | advmod | high | |
| 2 | αὐτὸς | αὐτός | PRON | A-P---NM-S | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Int | 4 σώζεται | nsubj | high | Intensifying/contrastive use with the nominative subject. |
| 3 | μὲν | μέν | PART | G--------- | _ | 4 σώζεται | discourse | high | First member of a μέν...δέ contrast; the δέ counterpart is outside this sentence. |
| 4 | σώζεται | σώζω | VERB | V-PPM-3S- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Pass | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 5 | Δαίδαλος | Δαίδαλος | PROPN | N----NSM- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 4 σώζεται | nsubj | high | |
| 6 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 4 σώζεται | punct | high |