Grammar parses for passage 9.11.5
Open translation for this passage
Ἰκάρῳ δὲ κυβερνῶντι ἀμαθέστερον ἀνατραπῆναι τὴν ναῦν λέγουσιν· ἀποπνιγέντα δὲ ἐξήνεγκεν ὁ κλύδων ἐς τὴν ὑπὲρ Σάμου νῆσον ἔτι οὖσαν ἀνώνυμον.
The first clause is an accusative-and-infinitive construction dependent on λέγουσιν: Ἰκάρῳ is a dative of reference, κυβερνῶντι agrees with it, and τὴν ναῦν is the infinitive's accusative subject. In the second clause, ἀποπνιγέντα is a predicative accusative referring to Icarus, while οὖσαν agrees with νῆσον.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Ἰκάρῳ | Ἴκαρος | PROPN | Npm | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 3 κυβερνῶντι | obl | medium | Dative of reference with κυβερνῶντι; proper name inflection. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C | _ | 12 ἐξήνεγκεν | cc | high | |
| 3 | κυβερνῶντι | κυβερνάω | VERB | V-PAP-DMS | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 5 ἀνατραπῆναι | advcl | medium | Dative participle agreeing with Ἰκάρῳ; circumstantial with the infinitival event. |
| 4 | ἀμαθέστερον | ἀμαθής | ADV | A-AMS | Degree=Cmp | 5 ἀνατραπῆναι | advmod | high | Comparative adverbial accusative, modifying ἀνατραπῆναι. |
| 5 | ἀνατραπῆναι | ἀνατρέπω | VERB | V-ANP | Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Pass | 8 λέγουσιν | ccomp | high | Infinitive in reported speech. |
| 6 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | T-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 7 ναῦν | det | high | |
| 7 | ναῦν | ναῦς | NOUN | N-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 5 ἀνατραπῆναι | obj | high | Accusative subject of the infinitive. |
| 8 | λέγουσιν | λέγω | VERB | V-PAI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 9 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 8 λέγουσιν | punct | high | |
| 10 | ἀποπνιγέντα | ἀποπνίγω | VERB | V-APP-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass | 12 ἐξήνεγκεν | obj | medium | Predicative accusative participle referring to the understood Icarus; lexical subject is implicit. |
| 11 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C | _ | 12 ἐξήνεγκεν | cc | high | |
| 12 | ἐξήνεγκεν | ἐκφέρω | VERB | V-AAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Second coordinated finite clause; subject is ὁ κλύδων. |
| 13 | ὁ | ὁ | DET | T-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 14 κλύδων | det | high | |
| 14 | κλύδων | κλύδων | NOUN | N-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 12 ἐξήνεγκεν | nsubj | high | |
| 15 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | P | _ | 19 νῆσον | case | high | |
| 16 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | T-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 19 νῆσον | det | high | |
| 17 | ὑπὲρ | ὑπέρ | ADP | P | _ | 18 Σάμου | case | high | Takes genitive Σάμου. |
| 18 | Σάμου | Σάμος | PROPN | N-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 17 ὑπὲρ | obl | high | Genitive complement of ὑπέρ. |
| 19 | νῆσον | νῆσος | NOUN | N-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 12 ἐξήνεγκεν | obl | high | Goal/location complement of ἐξήνεγκεν. |
| 20 | ἔτι | ἔτι | ADV | D | _ | 21 οὖσαν | advmod | high | |
| 21 | οὖσαν | εἰμί | AUX | V-PAP-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 19 νῆσον | acl | high | Attributive/circumstantial participle agreeing with νῆσον. |
| 22 | ἀνώνυμον | ἀνώνυμος | ADJ | A-ASN | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 21 οὖσαν | xcomp | high | Predicative adjective with οὖσαν. |
| 23 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 12 ἐξήνεγκεν | punct | high |
ἐπιτυχὼν δὲ Ἡρακλῆς γνωρίζει τὸν νεκρόν, καὶ ἔθαψεν ἔνθα
The participle ἐπιτυχὼν is treated as a circumstantial adverbial modifier of γνωρίζει; ἔνθα is analyzed as a locative adverb modifying ἔθαψεν, though its discourse/relative force depends on the wider passage.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἐπιτυχὼν | ἐπιτυγχάνω | VERB | V--PAPNSM- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Mood=Pcl|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 4 γνωρίζει | advcl | high | Aorist-form? Here morphologically present active participle, nominative masculine singular; circumstantial. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 4 γνωρίζει | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | Ἡρακλῆς | Ἡρακλῆς | PROPN | N----NSM- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 4 γνωρίζει | nsubj | high | Proper-name subject. |
| 4 | γνωρίζει | γνωρίζω | VERB | V-PAI3S- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main finite verb. |
| 5 | τὸν | ὁ | DET | T--MAS--- | Case=Acc|Definite=Def|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 6 νεκρόν | det | high | |
| 6 | νεκρόν | νεκρός | NOUN | N----ASM- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 4 γνωρίζει | obj | high | Accusative object of γνωρίζει. |
| 7 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 4 γνωρίζει | punct | high | |
| 8 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 9 ἔθαψεν | cc | high | Coordinates the second finite clause. |
| 9 | ἔθαψεν | θάπτω | VERB | V-AAI3S- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 4 γνωρίζει | conj | high | Coordinated verb with implicit subject Ἡρακλῆς. |
| 10 | ἔνθα | ἔνθα | ADV | D-------- | PronType=Rel | 9 ἔθαψεν | advmod | medium | Locative adverb, likely relative/locative connective meaning ‘where’; exact clause attachment is context-dependent. |
καὶ νῦν ἔτι αὐτῷ χῶμα οὐ μέγα ἐπὶ ἄκρας ἐστὶν ἀνεχούσης ἐς τὸ Αἰγαῖον.
The participial phrase ἀνεχούσης ἐς τὸ Αἰγαῖον is difficult: ἀνεχούσης is a genitive feminine participle, probably linked to an understood or elliptic feminine referent near ἄκρας, while the passage describes the mound's position relative to the Aegean.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | Coordinating conjunction | _ | 10 ἐστὶν | cc | high | |
| 2 | νῦν | νῦν | ADV | Adverb | PronType=Dem | 10 ἐστὶν | advmod | high | |
| 3 | ἔτι | ἔτι | ADV | Adverb | _ | 10 ἐστὶν | advmod | high | |
| 4 | αὐτῷ | αὐτός | PRON | Personal pronoun, dative singular masculine/neuter | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Prs | 5 χῶμα | iobj | medium | Dative of possession or association. |
| 5 | χῶμα | χῶμα | NOUN | Noun, nominative singular neuter | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 10 ἐστὶν | nsubj | high | |
| 6 | οὐ | οὐ | PART | Negative particle | Polarity=Neg | 7 μέγα | advmod | high | |
| 7 | μέγα | μέγας | ADJ | Adjective, nominative singular neuter | Case=Nom|Degree=Pos|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 5 χῶμα | amod | high | |
| 8 | ἐπὶ | ἐπί | ADP | Preposition governing genitive | _ | 9 ἄκρας | case | high | |
| 9 | ἄκρας | ἄκρα | NOUN | Noun, genitive singular feminine | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 11 ἀνεχούσης | obl | medium | Genitive with ἐπί; phrase may describe the elevated edge or summit. |
| 10 | ἐστὶν | εἰμί | VERB | Verb, present indicative active, 3rd singular | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 11 | ἀνεχούσης | ἀνέχω | VERB | Present active participle, genitive singular feminine | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 9 ἄκρας | acl | medium | Genitive participle agreeing with an understood feminine referent, likely ἄκρας; exact attachment is syntactically difficult. |
| 12 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | Preposition governing accusative | _ | 14 Αἰγαῖον | case | high | |
| 13 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | Article, accusative singular neuter | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 14 Αἰγαῖον | det | high | |
| 14 | Αἰγαῖον | Αἰγαῖον | PROPN | Proper noun, accusative singular neuter | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 11 ἀνεχούσης | obl | high | The Aegean, substantivized neuter name. |
| 15 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 10 ἐστὶν | punct | high |
ἀπὸ δὲ τοῦ Ἰκάρου τούτου ὄνομα ἥ τε νῆσος καὶ ἡ περὶ αὐτὴν θάλασσα ἔσχηκε.
The neuter singular ὄνομα is the formal subject, while νῆσος and θάλασσα are coordinated feminine subjects sharing ἔσχηκε; ἀπὸ Ἰκάρου τούτου marks the source of the name.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἀπὸ | ἀπό | ADP | PREP | _ | 4 Ἰκάρου | case | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 15 ἔσχηκε | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | T-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 4 Ἰκάρου | det | high | |
| 4 | Ἰκάρου | Ἴκαρος | PROPN | N-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 15 ἔσχηκε | obl | high | Object of ἀπό. |
| 5 | τούτου | οὗτος | DET | A-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 4 Ἰκάρου | det | high | Demonstrative modifying Ἰκάρου. |
| 6 | ὄνομα | ὄνομα | NOUN | N-ASN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 15 ἔσχηκε | nsubj | high | Neuter subject with coordinated feminine subjects. |
| 7 | ἥ | ὅς | PRON | R-NSF | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 9 νῆσος | det | high | Relative-looking form functioning as article in an article-plus-τε construction. |
| 8 | τε | τε | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 9 νῆσος | cc | high | Correlative first member; coordinates νῆσος with θάλασσα. |
| 9 | νῆσος | νῆσος | NOUN | N-NSF | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 15 ἔσχηκε | nsubj | high | First feminine subject. |
| 10 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 14 θάλασσα | cc | high | Coordinates the two subject NPs. |
| 11 | ἡ | ὁ | DET | T-NSF | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 14 θάλασσα | det | high | |
| 12 | περὶ | περί | ADP | PREP | _ | 13 αὐτὴν | case | high | |
| 13 | αὐτὴν | αὐτός | PRON | P-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Prs | 12 περὶ | obl | high | Object of περί. |
| 14 | θάλασσα | θάλασσα | NOUN | N-NSF | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 15 ἔσχηκε | conj | high | Second coordinated subject. |
| 15 | ἔσχηκε | ἔχω | VERB | V-RAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Perf|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Perfect active: has received/borne the name. |
| 16 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 15 ἔσχηκε | punct | high |