Grammar parses for passage 9.12.1
Open translation for this passage
τῷ δὲ Ἀπόλλωνι Θηβαῖοι τῷ Σποδίῳ ταύρους ἔθυον τὸ ἀρχαῖον·
The dative phrase τῷ ... Ἀπόλλωνι τῷ Σποδίῳ is the recipient/dedicatee; τὸ ἀρχαῖον is an adverbial accusative meaning ‘formerly/in ancient times’. ἔθυον is imperfect and may be 3rd-plural (here preferred) or 1st-singular; Θηβαῖοι selects 3rd plural.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | τῷ | ὁ | DET | RA-DSM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 3 Ἀπόλλωνι | det | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 8 ἔθυον | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | Ἀπόλλωνι | Ἀπόλλων | PROPN | NE-DM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 8 ἔθυον | obl | high | Dative recipient/dedicatee. |
| 4 | Θηβαῖοι | Θηβαῖος | PROPN | A-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 8 ἔθυον | nsubj | high | Theban men/people; substantivized ethnic adjective. |
| 5 | τῷ | ὁ | DET | RA-DSM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 6 Σποδίῳ | det | high | |
| 6 | Σποδίῳ | Σπόδιος | PROPN | NE-DSM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 3 Ἀπόλλωνι | appos | high | Epithet/name in apposition to Ἀπόλλωνι. |
| 7 | ταύρους | ταῦρος | NOUN | N-APM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 8 ἔθυον | obj | high | |
| 8 | ἔθυον | θύω | VERB | V-IAI-3P | Aspect=Imp|Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | medium | Form is syncretic with 1st-singular imperfect; 3rd plural is selected by Θηβαῖοι. |
| 9 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | RA-ASN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 10 ἀρχαῖον | det | high | |
| 10 | ἀρχαῖον | ἀρχαῖος | ADJ | A-ASN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 8 ἔθυον | advmod | high | Adverbial accusative, ‘formerly/in ancient times’. |
| 11 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 8 ἔθυον | punct | high |
καί ποτε παρούσης σφίσι τῆς ἑορτῆς ἥ τε ὥρα κατήπειγε τῆς θυσίας καὶ οἱ πεμφθέντες ἐπὶ τὸν ταῦρον οὐχ ἧκον· οὕτω δὴ παρατυχούσης ἁμάξης τὸν ἕτερον τῶν βοῶν τῷ θεῷ θύουσι
The passage contains two coordinated finite clauses, followed after the punctuation by a second main clause with a genitive absolute (παρατυχούσης ἁμάξης); the first coordinated clause supplies the understood subject of θύουσι.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | καί | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 10 κατήπειγε | cc | high | |
| 2 | ποτε | ποτε | ADV | ADV | _ | 10 κατήπειγε | advmod | high | |
| 3 | παρούσης | πάρειμι | VERB | V-PAP-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 6 ἑορτῆς | acl | medium | Genitive absolute with τῆς ἑορτῆς. |
| 4 | σφίσι | σφεῖς | PRON | P-DMP | Case=Dat|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs | 3 παρούσης | obl | high | |
| 5 | τῆς | ὁ | DET | T-GSF | Case=Gen|Definite=Def|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 6 ἑορτῆς | det | high | |
| 6 | ἑορτῆς | ἑορτή | NOUN | N-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 3 παρούσης | nsubj | high | Subject of the genitive absolute. |
| 7 | ἥ | ὁ | DET | T-NSF | Case=Nom|Definite=Def|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 9 ὥρα | det | high | Correlative/articular subject phrase with ὥρα. |
| 8 | τε | τε | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 9 ὥρα | cc | high | |
| 9 | ὥρα | ὥρα | NOUN | N-NSF | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 10 κατήπειγε | nsubj | high | |
| 10 | κατήπειγε | κατεπείγω | VERB | V-IAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Imp|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 11 | τῆς | ὁ | DET | T-GSF | Case=Gen|Definite=Def|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 12 θυσίας | det | high | |
| 12 | θυσίας | θυσία | NOUN | N-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 10 κατήπειγε | obl | high | Genitive dependent on κατήπειγε, expressing what was pressing. |
| 13 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 20 ἧκον | cc | high | |
| 14 | οἱ | ὁ | DET | T-NPM | Case=Nom|Definite=Def|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 15 πεμφθέντες | det | high | Substantivizing article. |
| 15 | πεμφθέντες | πέμπω | VERB | V-APP-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass | 20 ἧκον | nsubj | high | |
| 16 | ἐπὶ | ἐπί | ADP | PREP | _ | 18 ταῦρον | case | high | |
| 17 | τὸν | ὁ | DET | T-ASM | Case=Acc|Definite=Def|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 18 ταῦρον | det | high | |
| 18 | ταῦρον | ταῦρος | NOUN | N-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 15 πεμφθέντες | obl | high | Destination/purpose complement of πεμφθέντες. |
| 19 | οὐχ | οὐ | PART | PART | Polarity=Neg | 20 ἧκον | advmod | high | |
| 20 | ἧκον | ἥκω | VERB | V-IAI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Imp|Voice=Act | 10 κατήπειγε | conj | high | |
| 21 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 10 κατήπειγε | punct | high | |
| 22 | οὕτω | οὕτω | ADV | ADV | _ | 32 θύουσι | advmod | high | Resumptive/resultative adverb. |
| 23 | δὴ | δή | PART | PART | _ | 32 θύουσι | advmod | high | |
| 24 | παρατυχούσης | παρατυγχάνω | VERB | V-AAP-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 25 ἁμάξης | acl | medium | Genitive absolute; ἁμάξης is its genitive subject. |
| 25 | ἁμάξης | ἅμαξα | NOUN | N-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 24 παρατυχούσης | nsubj | high | Subject of the genitive absolute. |
| 26 | τὸν | ὁ | DET | T-ASM | Case=Acc|Definite=Def|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 27 ἕτερον | det | high | |
| 27 | ἕτερον | ἕτερος | ADJ | A-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 32 θύουσι | obj | high | Substantivized adjective, object of θύουσι. |
| 28 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | T-GPM | Case=Gen|Definite=Def|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 29 βοῶν | det | high | |
| 29 | βοῶν | βοῦς | NOUN | N-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 27 ἕτερον | nmod | high | Partitive genitive with ἕτερον. |
| 30 | τῷ | ὁ | DET | T-DSM | Case=Dat|Definite=Def|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 31 θεῷ | det | high | |
| 31 | θεῷ | θεός | NOUN | N-DSM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 32 θύουσι | iobj | high | Dative recipient of sacrifice. |
| 32 | θύουσι | θύω | VERB | V-PAI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main verb of the second clause; implied subject is the earlier οἱ πεμφθέντες. |
λέγεται δὲ καὶ ὅδε ὑπʼ αὐτῶν λόγος, ὡς ἀπιόντι ἐκ Δελφῶν Κάδμῳ τὴν ἐπὶ Φωκέων βοῦς γένοιτο ἡγεμὼν τῆς πορείας,
Impersonal λέγεται takes λόγος as subject; the ὡς-clause is content. ἀπιόντι and Κάδμῳ are coordinated dative participants with γένοιτο, while βοῦς is the nominative subject and ἡγεμών a predicative nominative; τὴν ἐπὶ Φωκέων modifies βοῦς.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | λέγεται | λέγω | VERB | V3SPI- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Pass | 7 λόγος | cop | medium | Impersonal/passive ‘is said’; analyzed as verbal predicate with λόγος as subject. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 1 λέγεται | cc | high | |
| 3 | καὶ | καί | ADV | ADV | _ | 1 λέγεται | advmod | high | Additive adverb. |
| 4 | ὅδε | ὅδε | PRON | PDNSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Dem | 7 λόγος | det | high | Demonstrative determiner with λόγος. |
| 5 | ὑπʼ | ὑπό | ADP | PREP | _ | 6 αὐτῶν | case | high | |
| 6 | αὐτῶν | αὐτός | PRON | P-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Prs | 7 λόγος | obl:agent | high | Agent of the passive λέγεται. |
| 7 | λόγος | λόγος | NOUN | NNSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 1 λέγεται | nsubj:pass | medium | Syntactic subject of impersonal/passive λέγεται. |
| 8 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 1 λέγεται | punct | high | |
| 9 | ὡς | ὡς | SCONJ | CONJ | _ | 18 γένοιτο | mark | high | Introduces the content clause. |
| 10 | ἀπιόντι | ἄπειμι | VERB | VPPD-SM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 18 γένοιτο | obl | medium | Dative circumstantial participle, coordinated in reference with Κάδμῳ. |
| 11 | ἐκ | ἐκ | ADP | PREP | _ | 12 Δελφῶν | case | high | |
| 12 | Δελφῶν | Δελφοί | PROPN | NP-GP | Case=Gen|Number=Plur | 10 ἀπιόντι | obl | high | Place of departure. |
| 13 | Κάδμῳ | Κάδμος | PROPN | NPDSM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 18 γένοιτο | obl | high | Dative participant/experiencer with γένοιτο. |
| 14 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | DAFS | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 17 βοῦς | det | high | |
| 15 | ἐπὶ | ἐπί | ADP | PREP | _ | 16 Φωκέων | case | high | |
| 16 | Φωκέων | Φωκεύς | PROPN | NPGP | Case=Gen|Number=Plur | 17 βοῦς | nmod | high | Genitive with ἐπί, ‘in the territory of the Phocians’. |
| 17 | βοῦς | βοῦς | NOUN | NNAFS | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 18 γένοιτο | nsubj | high | Nominative subject of γένοιτο. |
| 18 | γένοιτο | γίγνομαι | VERB | V2ASO- | Mood=Opt|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Mid | 7 λόγος | ccomp | high | Optative in the reported content clause. |
| 19 | ἡγεμὼν | ἡγεμών | NOUN | NNSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 18 γένοιτο | xcomp | medium | Predicative nominative; masculine form despite feminine βοῦς, likely understood as ‘guide’ in apposition/predicate. |
| 20 | τῆς | ὁ | DET | DGF-S | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 21 πορείας | det | high | |
| 21 | πορείας | πορεία | NOUN | NGFS | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 19 ἡγεμὼν | nmod | high | Genitive dependent on ἡγεμών, ‘guide of the journey’. |
| 22 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 18 γένοιτο | punct | high |
τὴν δὲ βοῦν ταύτην παρὰ βουκόλων εἶναι τῶν Πελάγοντος ὠνητήν· ἐπὶ δὲ ἑκατέρᾳ τῆς βοὸς πλευρᾷ σημεῖον ἐπεῖναι λευκὸν εἰκασμένον κύκλῳ τῆς σελήνης, ὁπότε εἴη πλήρης.
Infinitival report coordinated after an elided reporting verb: βοῦν ... ὠνητήν εἶναι, followed by σημεῖον ... ἐπεῖναι. The participle εἰκασμένον agrees with σημεῖον; ὁπότε εἴη πλήρης is a temporal subordinate clause, with πλήρης predicative to the understood σελήνη.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | T-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 3 βοῦν | det | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 7 εἶναι | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | βοῦν | βοῦς | NOUN | N-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 10 ὠνητήν | obj | high | Accusative subject of the infinitive. |
| 4 | ταύτην | οὗτος | DET | A-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 3 βοῦν | det | high | Demonstrative determiner. |
| 5 | παρὰ | παρά | ADP | R-------- | _ | 6 βουκόλων | case | high | With genitive: source/from. |
| 6 | βουκόλων | βουκόλος | NOUN | N-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 10 ὠνητήν | obl | high | |
| 7 | εἶναι | εἰμί | AUX | V--PAN | Mood=Inf|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | medium | First infinitive of reported description; higher reporting verb is omitted. |
| 8 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | T-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 9 Πελάγοντος | det | high | |
| 9 | Πελάγοντος | Πελάγων | PROPN | N-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 6 βουκόλων | nmod | high | Personal name in the genitive. |
| 10 | ὠνητήν | ὠνητός | ADJ | A-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 7 εἶναι | xcomp | high | Predicate adjective with εἶναι, agreeing with βοῦν. |
| 11 | · | · | PUNCT | U-------- | _ | 7 εἶναι | punct | high | |
| 12 | ἐπὶ | ἐπί | ADP | R-------- | _ | 17 πλευρᾷ | case | high | With dative: on each flank. |
| 13 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 19 ἐπεῖναι | cc | high | Connects the second infinitival clause. |
| 14 | ἑκατέρᾳ | ἑκάτερος | DET | A-DSF | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 16 βοὸς | det | high | |
| 15 | τῆς | ὁ | DET | T-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 16 βοὸς | det | high | |
| 16 | βοὸς | βοῦς | NOUN | N-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 17 πλευρᾷ | nmod | high | Genitive dependent on πλευρᾷ. |
| 17 | πλευρᾷ | πλευρά | NOUN | N-DSF | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 18 σημεῖον | obl | high | Object of ἐπί. |
| 18 | σημεῖον | σημεῖον | NOUN | N-NSN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 19 ἐπεῖναι | nsubj | high | Subject of the infinitive ἐπεῖναι. |
| 19 | ἐπεῖναι | ἔπειμι | VERB | V--PAN | Mood=Inf|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act | 7 εἶναι | conj | high | Coordinated infinitive under the same reported construction. |
| 20 | λευκὸν | λευκός | ADJ | A-NSN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 18 σημεῖον | amod | high | Agrees with σημεῖον. |
| 21 | εἰκασμένον | εἰκάζω | VERB | V-RPN | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Tense=Perf|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass | 18 σημεῖον | acl | medium | Perfect passive participle, probably ‘likened/resembling’; agrees with σημεῖον. |
| 22 | κύκλῳ | κύκλος | NOUN | N-DSM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 21 εἰκασμένον | obl | medium | Dative of respect/comparison with εἰκασμένον. |
| 23 | τῆς | ὁ | DET | T-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 24 σελήνης | det | high | |
| 24 | σελήνης | σελήνη | NOUN | N-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 22 κύκλῳ | nmod | high | Genitive dependent on κύκλῳ. |
| 25 | , | , | PUNCT | U-------- | _ | 27 εἴη | punct | high | |
| 26 | ὁπότε | ὁπότε | SCONJ | C-------- | _ | 27 εἴη | mark | high | Temporal subordinating conjunction. |
| 27 | εἴη | εἰμί | AUX | V-3SPO | Mood=Sub|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 21 εἰκασμένον | advcl | medium | Optative/subjunctive form is textually ambiguous; interpreted here as present subjunctive in the temporal clause. |
| 28 | πλήρης | πλήρης | ADJ | A-NSF | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 27 εἴη | xcomp | high | Predicate adjective; understood subject is σελήνη. |
| 29 | . | . | PUNCT | U-------- | _ | 7 εἶναι | punct | high |