Grammar parses for passage 9.12.5
Open translation for this passage
ἀνδριάς τέ ἐστι Προνόμου ἀνδρὸς αὐλήσαντος ἐπαγωγότατα ἐς τοὺς πολλούς.
The main syntactic issue is whether ἀνδριάς is best analyzed as the subject of ἐστι with ἐπαγωγότατα as an adverbial modifier and the genitive phrase depending on ἀνδριάς; this is the most straightforward reading.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἀνδριάς | ἀνδριάς | NOUN | N-S---FN- | Case=Nominative|Gender=Feminine|Number=Singular | 3 ἐστι | nsubj | high | Subject of ἐστι. |
| 2 | τέ | τε | PART | PART | _ | 1 ἀνδριάς | advmod | high | Enclitic connective particle. |
| 3 | ἐστι | εἰμί | VERB | V-3SPIA--- | Mood=Indicative|Number=Singular|Person=3|Tense=Present|Voice=Active | 0 ROOT | root | high | Copular/predicative verb, root of sentence. |
| 4 | Προνόμου | Πρόνομος | PROPN | N-S---MG- | Case=Genitive|Gender=Masculine|Number=Singular | 1 ἀνδριάς | nmod | high | Genitive modifier of ἀνδρός. |
| 5 | ἀνδρὸς | ἀνήρ | NOUN | N-S---MG- | Case=Genitive|Gender=Masculine|Number=Singular | 1 ἀνδριάς | nmod | high | Genitive dependent of ἀνδριάς. |
| 6 | αὐλήσαντος | αὐλέω | VERB | V-AAP-NSM- | Case=Genitive|Gender=Masculine|Number=Singular|Tense=Aorist|VerbForm=Participle|Voice=Active | 5 ἀνδρὸς | amod | high | Attributive participle modifying ἀνδρός. |
| 7 | ἐπαγωγότατα | ἐπαγωγότατα | ADV | D-------- | _ | 3 ἐστι | advmod | high | Superlative adverb modifying ἐστι. |
| 8 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | R-------- | _ | 3 ἐστι | case | high | Preposition governing the following article phrase. |
| 9 | τοὺς | ὁ | DET | RA-PM--- | Case=Accusative|Definite=Definite|Gender=Masculine|Number=Plural|PronType=Art | 10 πολλούς | det | high | Article modifying πολλούς. |
| 10 | πολλούς | πολύς | ADJ | A-PM---A- | Case=Accusative|Gender=Masculine|Number=Plural | 3 ἐστι | obl | high | Prepositional object of ἐς. |
| 11 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 3 ἐστι | punct | high | Sentence-final punctuation. |
τέως μέν γε ἰδέας αὐλῶν τρεῖς ἐκτῶντο οἱ αὐληταὶ καὶ τοῖς μὲν αὔλημα ηὔλουν τὸ Δώριον, διάφοροι δὲ αὐτοῖς ἐς ἁρμονίαν τὴν Φρύγιον ἐπεποίηντο οἱ αὐλοί, τὸ δὲ καλούμενον Λύδιον ἐν αὐλοῖς ηὐλεῖτο ἀλλοίοις·
The syntax is a coordinated series of imperfect/pluperfect predicates with several correlative particles; the first phrase ἰδέας αὐλῶν is somewhat opaque, so its attachment is annotated conservatively.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | τέως | τέως | ADV | D | _ | 7 ἐκτῶντο | advmod | high | Temporal adverb modifying the main verb. |
| 2 | μέν | μέν | PART | G | _ | 7 ἐκτῶντο | discourse | high | Correlative particle. |
| 3 | γε | γε | PART | G | _ | 2 μέν | discourse | high | Emphatic particle attached to μέν. |
| 4 | ἰδέας | ἰδέα | NOUN | N---FA-P | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 5 αὐλῶν | nmod | medium | Likely accusative plural dependent of αὐλῶν; form could be ambiguous in context. |
| 5 | αὐλῶν | αὐλός | NOUN | N---MG-P | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 4 ἰδέας | nmod | high | Genitive dependent of ἰδέας. |
| 6 | τρεῖς | τρεῖς | NUM | M---FA-P | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 4 ἰδέας | amod | high | Numeral agreeing with ἰδέας. |
| 7 | ἐκτῶντο | ἐκτάομαι | VERB | V-3IAI-P-- | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Imp|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | medium | Main verb; imperfect form inferred, though the exact lexeme/form is somewhat uncertain. |
| 8 | οἱ | ὁ | DET | L-3---MN- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 9 αὐληταὶ | det | high | Article with αὐληταί. |
| 9 | αὐληταὶ | αὐλητής | NOUN | N---MN-P | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 7 ἐκτῶντο | nsubj | high | Subject of ἐκτῶντο. |
| 10 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C | _ | 14 ηὔλουν | cc | high | Coordinates the following clause to the preceding one. |
| 11 | τοῖς | ὁ | DET | L-3---MD- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 13 αὔλημα | det | high | Article with αὔλημα. |
| 12 | μὲν | μέν | PART | G | _ | 14 ηὔλουν | discourse | high | Correlative particle. |
| 13 | αὔλημα | αὔλημα | NOUN | N---ND-S | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 14 ηὔλουν | iobj | medium | Dative of reference/recipient with ηὔλουν. |
| 14 | ηὔλουν | αὐλέω | VERB | V-3IIAI-P-- | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Imp|Voice=Act | 7 ἐκτῶντο | conj | high | Second coordinated predicate. |
| 15 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | L-3---NA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 16 Δώριον | det | high | Article with Δώριον. |
| 16 | Δώριον | Δώριος | ADJ | A---NA-S | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 13 αὔλημα | amod | high | Substantivized adjective modifying αὔλημα. |
| 17 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 14 ηὔλουν | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 18 | διάφοροι | διάφορος | ADJ | A---NP-P | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 25 ἐπεποίηντο | xcomp | low | Likely predicative adjective in a participial/frame construction; syntax is somewhat uncertain. |
| 19 | δὲ | δέ | PART | G | _ | 25 ἐπεποίηντο | discourse | high | Adversative/continuative particle. |
| 20 | αὐτοῖς | αὐτός | PRON | Pp3---MD- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs | 25 ἐπεποίηντο | iobj | medium | Dative complement with ἐπεποίηντο. |
| 21 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | R | _ | 22 ἁρμονίαν | case | high | Preposition. |
| 22 | ἁρμονίαν | ἁρμονία | NOUN | N---FA-S | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 25 ἐπεποίηντο | obl | high | Prepositional object. |
| 23 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | L-3---FA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 24 Φρύγιον | det | high | Article with Φρύγιον. |
| 24 | Φρύγιον | Φρύγιος | ADJ | A---FA-S | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 22 ἁρμονίαν | amod | high | Substantivized/attributive adjective modifying ἁρμονίαν. |
| 25 | ἐπεποίηντο | ἐπιποιέω | VERB | V-3LAI-P-- | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Past|Voice=Mid | 7 ἐκτῶντο | conj | medium | Likely a pluperfect/middle form in coordination; exact tense value is uncertain. |
| 26 | οἱ | ὁ | DET | L-3---MN- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 27 αὐλοί | det | high | Article with αὐλοί. |
| 27 | αὐλοί | αὐλός | NOUN | N---MN-P | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 25 ἐπεποίηντο | nsubj | high | Subject of ἐπεποίηντο. |
| 28 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 25 ἐπεποίηντο | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 29 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | L-3---NA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 31 καλούμενον | det | high | Article with καλούμενον. |
| 30 | δὲ | δέ | PART | G | _ | 35 ηὐλεῖτο | discourse | high | Continuative particle. |
| 31 | καλούμενον | καλέω | VERB | V-PPPN--N | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Mid | 35 ηὐλεῖτο | advcl | medium | Participial modifier of ηὐλεῖτο; agreement likely with implied/next-neuter noun. |
| 32 | Λύδιον | Λύδιος | ADJ | A---NA-S | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 31 καλούμενον | xcomp | high | Predicative/substantive adjective with καλούμενον. |
| 33 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | R | _ | 34 αὐλοῖς | case | high | Preposition. |
| 34 | αὐλοῖς | αὐλός | NOUN | N---MD-P | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 35 ηὐλεῖτο | obl | high | Prepositional object. |
| 35 | ηὐλεῖτο | αὐλέω | VERB | V-3IIIP-S-- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Imp|Voice=Mid | 7 ἐκτῶντο | conj | high | Final coordinated predicate. |
| 36 | ἀλλοίοις | ἀλλοῖος | ADJ | A---MD-P | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 34 αὐλοῖς | amod | high | Attributive adjective modifying αὐλοῖς. |
| 37 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 7 ἐκτῶντο | punct | high | Punctuation. |
Πρόνομος δὲ ἦν ὃς πρῶτος ἐπενόησεν αὐλοὺς ἐς ἅπαν ἁρμονίας εἶδος ἔχοντας ἐπιτηδείως, πρῶτος δὲ διάφορα ἐς τοσοῦτο μέλη ἐπʼ αὐλοῖς ηὔλησε τοῖς αὐτοῖς.
The syntax has two coordinated clauses; the first is a relative clause modifying Πρόνομος, and the second has a compact instrumental/locative expression with ἐπʼ αὐλοῖς and τοῖς αὐτοῖς.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Πρόνομος | Πρόνομος | PROPN | N-S---MN- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 3 ἦν | nsubj | high | Subject of ἦν. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | PART | G-------- | _ | 3 ἦν | discourse | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | ἦν | εἰμί | VERB | V-IX-3S--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Imp|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main copular verb. |
| 4 | ὃς | ὅς | PRON | P-S---MN- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 6 ἐπενόησεν | nsubj | high | Relative pronoun referring to Πρόνομος. |
| 5 | πρῶτος | πρῶτος | ADJ | A-S---MN- | Case=Nom|Degree=Pos|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 6 ἐπενόησεν | advmod | medium | Predicative adverbial-like use with ἐπενόησεν, 'first'. |
| 6 | ἐπενόησεν | ἐπινοέω | VERB | V-AAI-3S-- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 4 ὃς | acl:relcl | high | Finite verb of the relative clause. |
| 7 | αὐλοὺς | αὐλός | NOUN | N-P---MA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 6 ἐπενόησεν | obj | high | Direct object of ἐπενόησεν. |
| 8 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | R-------- | _ | 11 εἶδος | case | high | Preposition governing ἅπαν ἁρμονίας εἶδος. |
| 9 | ἅπαν | πᾶς | ADJ | A-S---NA- | Case=Acc|Degree=Pos|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 11 εἶδος | amod | high | Modifies εἶδος. |
| 10 | ἁρμονίας | ἁρμονία | NOUN | N-S---FA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 11 εἶδος | nmod | medium | Likely dependent on εἶδος, forming 'every kind of harmony'. |
| 11 | εἶδος | εἶδος | NOUN | N-S---NA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 12 ἔχοντας | obl | medium | Object/complement of ἔχοντας within participial phrase. |
| 12 | ἔχοντας | ἔχω | VERB | V-PAP-APM- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 7 αὐλοὺς | amod | high | Participial modifier of αὐλοὺς. |
| 13 | ἐπιτηδείως | ἐπιτηδείως | ADV | D-------- | _ | 12 ἔχοντας | advmod | high | Adverb modifying ἔχοντας. |
| 14 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 6 ἐπενόησεν | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 15 | πρῶτος | πρῶτος | ADJ | A-S---MN- | Case=Nom|Degree=Pos|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 23 ηὔλησε | advmod | high | Adverbial 'first' with ηὔλησε. |
| 16 | δὲ | δέ | PART | G-------- | _ | 23 ηὔλησε | discourse | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 17 | διάφορα | διάφορος | ADJ | A-P---NA- | Case=Acc|Degree=Pos|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 20 μέλη | amod | high | Modifies μέλη. |
| 18 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | R-------- | _ | 20 μέλη | case | high | Preposition governing μέλη. |
| 19 | τοσοῦτο | τοσοῦτος | ADJ | A-S---NA- | Case=Acc|Degree=Pos|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 20 μέλη | amod | high | Modifies μέλη. |
| 20 | μέλη | μέλος | NOUN | N-P---NA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 23 ηὔλησε | obj | high | Object of ηὔλησε within the prepositional phrase. |
| 21 | ἐπʼ | ἐπί | ADP | R-------- | _ | 23 ηὔλησε | case | high | Preposition governing αὐλοῖς. |
| 22 | αὐλοῖς | αὐλός | NOUN | N-P---DM- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 23 ηὔλησε | obl | high | Instrumental/locative complement of ηὔλησε. |
| 23 | ηὔλησε | αὐλέω | VERB | V-AAI-3S-- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main verb of the second clause. |
| 24 | τοῖς | ὁ | DET | L-P---DM- | Case=Dat|Definite=Def|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 25 αὐτοῖς | det | high | Article with αὐτοῖς. |
| 25 | αὐτοῖς | αὐτός | ADJ | A-P---DM- | Case=Dat|Degree=Pos|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 23 ηὔλησε | obl | medium | Likely dative of accompaniment or instrument; paired with ἐπʼ αὐλοῖς. |
| 26 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 23 ηὔλησε | punct | high | Punctuation. |