Grammar parses for passage 9.13.1
Open translation for this passage
διδάγματα δὲ αὐτοῖς τά τε ἐπιχώρια ἔμαθεν ἐς τὸ ἀκριβέστατον καὶ ὡς ἤδη μειράκιον ἦν ἐφοίτησεν ὡς Λῦσιν, ἄνδρα γένος μὲν Ταραντῖνον, ἐπιστάμενον δὲ τοὺς Πυθαγόρου τοῦ Σαμίου λόγους.
The sentence has coordinated object phrases: διδάγματα ... ἔμαθεν and an ἐφοίτησεν clause with ὡς + accusative Λῦσιν; ἄνδρα ... ἐπιστάμενον is an accusative appositive/secondary predicate referring to Λῦσιν. The exact attachment of the infinitive-like ὡς phrase is somewhat interpretive.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | διδάγματα | δίδαγμα | NOUN | ----NPN- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 7 ἔμαθεν | obj | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | -------- | _ | 7 ἔμαθεν | cc | high | |
| 3 | αὐτοῖς | αὐτός | PRON | ----DPM- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Prs | 7 ἔμαθεν | iobj | high | Dative of the persons taught. |
| 4 | τά | ὁ | DET | ----NPN- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 6 ἐπιχώρια | det | high | |
| 5 | τε | τε | CCONJ | -------- | _ | 6 ἐπιχώρια | cc | high | |
| 6 | ἐπιχώρια | ἐπιχώριος | ADJ | ----NPN- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 1 διδάγματα | conj | medium | Substantivized neuter plural, coordinated with διδάγματα. |
| 7 | ἔμαθεν | μανθάνω | VERB | V3SAAI--- | Aspect=Perf|Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 16 ἐφοίτησεν | conj | high | Aorist form of μανθάνω; subject is understood. |
| 8 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | -------- | _ | 10 ἀκριβέστατον | case | high | |
| 9 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | ----ASN- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 10 ἀκριβέστατον | det | high | |
| 10 | ἀκριβέστατον | ἀκριβής | ADJ | ----ASN- | Case=Acc|Degree=Sup|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 7 ἔμαθεν | obl | medium | Substantivized accusative with ἐς, ‘to the utmost precision’. |
| 11 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | -------- | _ | 16 ἐφοίτησεν | cc | high | |
| 12 | ὡς | ὡς | SCONJ | -------- | _ | 15 ἦν | mark | medium | Introduces the temporal/comparative subordinate clause. |
| 13 | ἤδη | ἤδη | ADV | -------- | _ | 15 ἦν | advmod | high | |
| 14 | μειράκιον | μειράκιον | NOUN | ----NSN- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 15 ἦν | xcomp | high | Predicate nominative with ἦν. |
| 15 | ἦν | εἰμί | AUX | V3SIAI--- | Aspect=Imp|Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 16 ἐφοίτησεν | advcl | medium | Imperfect of εἰμί; clause describes the stage at which he attended. |
| 16 | ἐφοίτησεν | φοιτάω | VERB | V3SAAI--- | Aspect=Perf|Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 17 | ὡς | ὡς | ADP | -------- | _ | 18 Λῦσιν | case | medium | Preposition-like ὡς introducing the person attended; sometimes analyzed as a complementizer/preposition. |
| 18 | Λῦσιν | Λῦσις | PROPN | ----ASM- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 16 ἐφοίτησεν | obl | high | Accusative personal name after ὡς. |
| 19 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 18 Λῦσιν | punct | high | |
| 20 | ἄνδρα | ἀνήρ | NOUN | ----ASM- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 18 Λῦσιν | appos | high | Appositive accusative to Λῦσιν. |
| 21 | γένος | γένος | NOUN | ----NSN- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 23 Ταραντῖνον | obl | high | With respect to birth/origin; γένος μέν ... Ταραντῖνον. |
| 22 | μὲν | μέν | PART | -------- | _ | 21 γένος | discourse | high | |
| 23 | Ταραντῖνον | Ταραντῖνος | ADJ | ----ASN- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 20 ἄνδρα | parataxis | medium | Predicative accusative, agreeing with γένος understood as the respect in which he was Tarentine. |
| 24 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 20 ἄνδρα | punct | high | |
| 25 | ἐπιστάμενον | ἐπίσταμαι | VERB | V2SMP---- | Aspect=Pres|Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Mid | 20 ἄνδρα | acl | high | Accusative participle agreeing with ἄνδρα/Λῦσιν. |
| 26 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | -------- | _ | 25 ἐπιστάμενον | cc | high | |
| 27 | τοὺς | ὁ | DET | ----APM- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 31 λόγους | det | high | |
| 28 | Πυθαγόρου | Πυθαγόρας | PROPN | ----GSM- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 31 λόγους | nmod | high | Genitive dependent on λόγους. |
| 29 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | ----GSM- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 30 Σαμίου | det | high | |
| 30 | Σαμίου | Σάμιος | ADJ | ----GSM- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 28 Πυθαγόρου | amod | high | Ethnic adjective, ‘the Samian’. |
| 31 | λόγους | λόγος | NOUN | ----APM- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 25 ἐπιστάμενον | obj | high | |
| 32 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 16 ἐφοίτησεν | punct | high |
λέγεται δὲ ὁ Ἐπαμινώνδας, ἡνίκα ἐπολέμουν Λακεδαιμόνιοι Μαντινεῦσι, πεμφθῆναι σὺν ἄλλοις ἀνδράσιν ἐκ Θηβῶν Λακεδαιμονίοις ἐπαμύνειν·
Accusative-and-infinitive construction: λέγεται governs Ἐπαμινώνδας as accusative subject of πεμφθῆναι, which coordinates with ἐπαμύνειν. ἡνίκα-clause is temporal; Λακεδαιμόνιοι is its subject and Μαντινεῦσι its dative opponent, while Λακεδαιμονίοις is the dative beneficiary of ἐπαμύνειν.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | λέγεται | λέγω | VERB | V-PPI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Pass | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 1 λέγεται | cc | high | |
| 3 | ὁ | ὁ | DET | T-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 4 Ἐπαμινώνδας | det | high | |
| 4 | Ἐπαμινώνδας | Ἐπαμινώνδας | PROPN | N-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 11 πεμφθῆναι | nsubj | medium | Surface nominative; syntactically the accusative-and-infinitive subject is understood as accusative, with nominative by attraction after passive λέγεται. |
| 5 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 4 Ἐπαμινώνδας | punct | high | |
| 6 | ἡνίκα | ἡνίκα | SCONJ | ADV | _ | 7 ἐπολέμουν | mark | high | Temporal subordinating conjunction. |
| 7 | ἐπολέμουν | πολεμέω | VERB | V-IAI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Imp|Voice=Act | 11 πεμφθῆναι | advcl | high | |
| 8 | Λακεδαιμόνιοι | Λακεδαιμόνιος | PROPN | N-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 7 ἐπολέμουν | nsubj | high | |
| 9 | Μαντινεῦσι | Μαντινεύς | PROPN | N-DPM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 7 ἐπολέμουν | obl | high | Dative of opponent. |
| 10 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 7 ἐπολέμουν | punct | high | |
| 11 | πεμφθῆναι | πέμπω | VERB | V-APN | Mood=Inf|Tense=Aor|Voice=Pass | 1 λέγεται | ccomp | high | |
| 12 | σὺν | σύν | ADP | P | _ | 14 ἀνδράσιν | case | high | |
| 13 | ἄλλοις | ἄλλος | ADJ | A-DPM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 14 ἀνδράσιν | amod | high | |
| 14 | ἀνδράσιν | ἀνήρ | NOUN | N-DPM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 11 πεμφθῆναι | obl | high | |
| 15 | ἐκ | ἐκ | ADP | P | _ | 16 Θηβῶν | case | high | |
| 16 | Θηβῶν | Θῆβαι | PROPN | N-GPF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 14 ἀνδράσιν | nmod | high | Source/origin complement of ἀνδράσιν. |
| 17 | Λακεδαιμονίοις | Λακεδαιμόνιος | PROPN | N-DPM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 18 ἐπαμύνειν | iobj | high | Dative beneficiary of ἐπαμύνειν. |
| 18 | ἐπαμύνειν | ἐπαμύνω | VERB | V-PAN | Mood=Inf|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 11 πεμφθῆναι | xcomp | high | Purpose/complementary infinitive coordinated semantically with πεμφθῆναι. |
| 19 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 1 λέγεται | punct | high |