Grammar parses for passage 9.13.1
Open translation for this passage
τῷ δʼ Ἐπαμινώνδᾳ τὰ μὲν τῶν προγόνων ὑπῆρχεν ἐς γένους δόξαν, ὁ δέ οἱ πατὴρ χρημάτων ἕνεκα μέσου ἀνδρὸς ἀπέδει Θηβαίου·
Two coordinated clauses with separate roots: ὑπῆρχεν and ἀπέδει. The enclitic οἱ is syntactically uncertain, but most likely a dative pronoun associated with the second verb.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | τῷ | ὁ | DET | TRM | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 3 Ἐπαμινώνδᾳ | det | high | Article agreeing with Ἐπαμινώνδᾳ in dative. |
| 2 | δʼ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 8 ὑπῆρχεν | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | Ἐπαμινώνδᾳ | Ἐπαμινώνδας | PROPN | N-P---DMS- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 8 ὑπῆρχεν | obl | high | Dative of reference/possessor with ὑπῆρχεν. |
| 4 | τὰ | ὁ | DET | ART | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 8 ὑπῆρχεν | nsubj | high | Correlative article introducing neuter plural subject-like phrase. |
| 5 | μὲν | μέν | PART | _ | _ | 4 τὰ | discourse | high | Correlative particle. |
| 6 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | ART | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 7 προγόνων | det | high | Article modifying προγόνων. |
| 7 | προγόνων | πρόγονος | NOUN | N-S---MG- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 4 τὰ | nmod | high | Genitive dependent of τὰ. |
| 8 | ὑπῆρχεν | ὑπάρχω | VERB | V-IAI-3S- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Imp|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main verb of first clause. |
| 9 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | R- | _ | 11 δόξαν | case | high | Preposition governing γένους δόξαν. |
| 10 | γένους | γένος | NOUN | N-S---NG- | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 11 δόξαν | nmod | high | Genitive dependent of δόξαν. |
| 11 | δόξαν | δόξα | NOUN | N-S---FA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 8 ὑπῆρχεν | obl | high | Prepositional phrase complement of ὑπῆρχεν. |
| 12 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 8 ὑπῆρχεν | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 13 | ὁ | ὁ | DET | ART | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 16 πατὴρ | det | high | Article with πατὴρ. |
| 14 | δέ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 21 ἀπέδει | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 15 | οἱ | ἐγώ | PRON | P-P---3D- | Case=Dat|Number=Sing|Person=3|PronType=Prs | 21 ἀπέδει | iobj | medium | Likely enclitic dative with ἀπέδει; function uncertain, perhaps indirect object/ethical dative. |
| 16 | πατὴρ | πατήρ | NOUN | N-S---MN- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 21 ἀπέδει | nsubj | high | Subject of ἀπέδει. |
| 17 | χρημάτων | χρήματα | NOUN | N-P---NG- | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 18 ἕνεκα | nmod | high | Genitive dependent of ἕνεκα. |
| 18 | ἕνεκα | ἕνεκα | ADP | R- | _ | 21 ἀπέδει | case | high | Postposition governing χρημάτων. |
| 19 | μέσου | μέσος | ADJ | A-S---MG- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 20 ἀνδρὸς | amod | high | Adjective modifying ἀνδρός. |
| 20 | ἀνδρὸς | ἀνήρ | NOUN | N-S---MG- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 21 ἀπέδει | obl | high | Genitive phrase with ἕνεκα. |
| 21 | ἀπέδει | ἀποδείκνυμι | VERB | V-IAI-3S- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Imp|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main verb of second clause. |
| 22 | Θηβαίου | Θηβαῖος | ADJ | A-S---MG- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 16 πατὴρ | amod | high | Predicate/attributive genitive modifying πατήρ. |
| 23 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 21 ἀπέδει | punct | high | Punctuation. |
διδάγματα δὲ αὐτοῖς τά τε ἐπιχώρια ἔμαθεν ἐς τὸ ἀκριβέστατον καὶ ὡς ἤδη μειράκιον ἦν ἐφοίτησεν ὡς Λῦσιν, ἄνδρα γένος μὲν Ταραντῖνον, ἐπιστάμενον δὲ τοὺς Πυθαγόρου τοῦ Σαμίου λόγους.
The syntax is centered on ἔμαθεν with a coordinated ἐφοίτησεν-clause; ὡς introduces both a temporal clause and a comparison/association phrase, and γένος μὲν Ταραντῖνον is appositional/qualifying.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | διδάγματα | δίδαγμα | NOUN | N-P---NA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 7 ἔμαθεν | obj | high | Direct object of ἔμαθεν. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | PART | _ | _ | 7 ἔμαθεν | discourse | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | αὐτοῖς | αὐτός | PRON | P-P---MD- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs | 7 ἔμαθεν | iobj | high | Dative of person taught. |
| 4 | τά | ὁ | DET | l-p---na- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 7 ἔμαθεν | obj | high | Article with ἐπιχώρια functioning substantively/adjectivally. |
| 5 | τε | τε | PART | _ | _ | 4 τά | advmod | medium | Enclitic additive particle linked to the article phrase. |
| 6 | ἐπιχώρια | ἐπιχώριος | ADJ | A-AP---NA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 4 τά | amod | high | Modifies τά. |
| 7 | ἔμαθεν | μανθάνω | VERB | V-AIA-3S- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main finite verb. |
| 8 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | R-------- | _ | 10 ἀκριβέστατον | case | high | Preposition governing τὸ ἀκριβέστατον. |
| 9 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | l-s---an- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 10 ἀκριβέστατον | det | high | Article with ἀκριβέστατον. |
| 10 | ἀκριβέστατον | ἀκριβής | ADJ | A-S---SAN- | Case=Acc|Degree=Sup|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 7 ἔμαθεν | obl | high | Prepositional phrase of extent/degree with ἐς. |
| 11 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 16 ἐφοίτησεν | cc | high | Links the coordinated narrative verb. |
| 12 | ὡς | ὡς | SCONJ | C-------- | _ | 16 ἐφοίτησεν | mark | high | Introduces temporal subordinate clause. |
| 13 | ἤδη | ἤδη | ADV | D-------- | _ | 14 μειράκιον | advmod | high | Modifies μειράκιον. |
| 14 | μειράκιον | μειράκιον | NOUN | N-S---NA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 15 ἦν | xcomp | medium | Predicate/depictive complement with ἦν. |
| 15 | ἦν | εἰμί | AUX | V-IXI-3S- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Imp|Voice=Act | 16 ἐφοίτησεν | aux | medium | Copular auxiliary within ὡς-clause. |
| 16 | ἐφοίτησεν | φοιτάω | VERB | V-AAI-3S- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 7 ἔμαθεν | conj | high | Coordinated with ἔμαθεν. |
| 17 | ὡς | ὡς | SCONJ | C-------- | _ | 16 ἐφοίτησεν | mark | high | Introduces comparison/association phrase. |
| 18 | Λῦσιν | Λῦσις | PROPN | N-S---MA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 16 ἐφοίτησεν | obl | high | Object of the preposition/marker ὡς, indicating association with Lysis. |
| 19 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 16 ἐφοίτησεν | punct | high | Comma punctuation. |
| 20 | ἄνδρα | ἀνήρ | NOUN | N-S---MA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 16 ἐφοίτησεν | appos | high | Apposition to Λῦσιν. |
| 21 | γένος | γένος | NOUN | N-S---NA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 20 ἄνδρα | obl | medium | Likely appositional/qualifying accusative, 'by race/lineage'. |
| 22 | μὲν | μέν | PART | _ | _ | 21 γένος | discourse | high | Correlative particle. |
| 23 | Ταραντῖνον | Ταραντῖνος | ADJ | A-S---MA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 20 ἄνδρα | amod | high | Ethnic adjective modifying ἄνδρα. |
| 24 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 20 ἄνδρα | punct | high | Comma punctuation. |
| 25 | ἐπιστάμενον | ἐπίσταμαι | VERB | V-PMM-ASM- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Mid | 20 ἄνδρα | acl | high | Participial modifier of ἄνδρα. |
| 26 | δὲ | δέ | PART | _ | _ | 25 ἐπιστάμενον | discourse | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 27 | τοὺς | ὁ | DET | l-p---ma- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 31 λόγους | det | high | Article with λόγους. |
| 28 | Πυθαγόρου | Πυθαγόρας | PROPN | N-S---MG- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 31 λόγους | nmod | high | Genitive modifier of λόγους. |
| 29 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | l-s---mg- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 30 Σαμίου | det | high | Article with Σαμίου. |
| 30 | Σαμίου | Σάμιος | ADJ | A-S---MG- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 28 Πυθαγόρου | amod | high | Modifies Πυθαγόρου. |
| 31 | λόγους | λόγος | NOUN | N-P---MA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 25 ἐπιστάμενον | obj | high | Object of ἐπιστάμενον. |
| 32 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 7 ἔμαθεν | punct | high | Sentence-final punctuation. |
λέγεται δὲ ὁ Ἐπαμινώνδας, ἡνίκα ἐπολέμουν Λακεδαιμόνιοι Μαντινεῦσι, πεμφθῆναι σὺν ἄλλοις ἀνδράσιν ἐκ Θηβῶν Λακεδαιμονίοις ἐπαμύνειν·
The main syntactic difficulty is the layering of indirect statement with a subordinate temporal clause and two infinitival complements, especially the attachment of the dative phrases with ἐπαμύνειν and πεμφθῆναι.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | λέγεται | λέγω | VERB | V-PEI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main verb of the reported clause. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | PART | _ | _ | 1 λέγεται | discourse | high | Postpositive connective particle. |
| 3 | ὁ | ὁ | DET | T-NSM | Case=Nom|Definite=Def|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 4 Ἐπαμινώνδας | det | high | Article with the proper name. |
| 4 | Ἐπαμινώνδας | Ἐπαμινώνδας | PROPN | N-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 1 λέγεται | nsubj | high | Subject of λέγεται. |
| 5 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 4 Ἐπαμινώνδας | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 6 | ἡνίκα | ἡνίκα | SCONJ | _ | _ | 11 πεμφθῆναι | mark | medium | Introduces temporal subordinate clause; dependency attachment somewhat uncertain. |
| 7 | ἐπολέμουν | πολεμέω | VERB | V-IAI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Imp|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 11 πεμφθῆναι | advcl | high | Verbal predicate of the temporal clause. |
| 8 | Λακεδαιμόνιοι | Λακεδαιμόνιος | PROPN | A-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 7 ἐπολέμουν | nsubj | medium | Subject of ἐπολέμουν; form is nominative plural but could be adjectival/substantival. |
| 9 | Μαντινεῦσι | Μαντινεύς | PROPN | N-DPM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 7 ἐπολέμουν | obl | high | Dative complement of πολεμέω. |
| 10 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 7 ἐπολέμουν | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 11 | πεμφθῆναι | πέμπω | VERB | V-AON-Inf | Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Pass | 1 λέγεται | csubj | high | Complementary infinitive in indirect statement after λέγεται. |
| 12 | σὺν | σύν | ADP | R | _ | 11 πεμφθῆναι | case | high | Preposition governing ἀνδράσιν. |
| 13 | ἄλλοις | ἄλλος | ADJ | A-DPM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 14 ἀνδράσιν | amod | high | Modifier of ἀνδράσιν. |
| 14 | ἀνδράσιν | ἀνήρ | NOUN | N-DPM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 11 πεμφθῆναι | obl | high | Instrumental/comitative phrase with σὺν. |
| 15 | ἐκ | ἐκ | ADP | R | _ | 16 Θηβῶν | case | high | Preposition with Θηβῶν. |
| 16 | Θηβῶν | Θῆβαι | PROPN | N-GPF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 11 πεμφθῆναι | obl | high | Source/origin phrase modifying the infinitival event. |
| 17 | Λακεδαιμονίοις | Λακεδαιμόνιος | ADJ | A-DPM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 18 ἐπαμύνειν | obj | medium | Dative complement with ἐπαμύνειν; could be interpreted as indirect object/goal. |
| 18 | ἐπαμύνειν | ἐπαμύνω | VERB | V-PAN | Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act | 11 πεμφθῆναι | xcomp | high | Purpose/complement infinitive dependent on πεμφθῆναι. |
| 19 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 1 λέγεται | punct | high | Sentence-final punctuation. |