Grammar parses for passage 9.13.1
Open translation for this passage
τῷ δʼ Ἐπαμινώνδᾳ τὰ μὲν τῶν προγόνων ὑπῆρχεν ἐς γένους δόξαν, ὁ δέ οἱ πατὴρ χρημάτων ἕνεκα μέσου ἀνδρὸς ἀπέδει Θηβαίου·
The sentence contrasts inherited ancestral prestige with the father’s action: the first clause is an existential/possessive construction with dative Ἐπαμινώνδᾳ, while the second has πατήρ as subject of ἀπέδει.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | τῷ | ὁ | DET | D-DSM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 3 Ἐπαμινώνδᾳ | det | high | |
| 2 | δʼ | δέ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 14 δέ | cc | high | Elided form δʼ. |
| 3 | Ἐπαμινώνδᾳ | Ἐπαμινώνδας | PROPN | Ne-Dsm | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 8 ὑπῆρχεν | iobj | high | |
| 4 | τὰ | ὁ | DET | P-A---NA- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 7 προγόνων | det | medium | Article substantivizes τῶν προγόνων as a genitive partitive/topic phrase. |
| 5 | μὲν | μέν | PART | X-------- | _ | 8 ὑπῆρχεν | discourse | high | |
| 6 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | P-GPM- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 7 προγόνων | det | high | |
| 7 | προγόνων | πρόγονος | NOUN | N-GPM- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 8 ὑπῆρχεν | nsubj | medium | Substantivized genitive phrase, subject of ὑπῆρχεν; τὰ is its neuter plural article. |
| 8 | ὑπῆρχεν | ὑπάρχω | VERB | V-IAI-3S- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Imp|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | medium | Impersonal/existential construction with τὰ τῶν προγόνων as topic or subject and dative possessor. |
| 9 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | R-------- | _ | 11 δόξαν | case | high | |
| 10 | γένους | γένος | NOUN | N-GSN- | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 9 ἐς | obl | high | |
| 11 | δόξαν | δόξα | NOUN | N-ASF- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 8 ὑπῆρχεν | obl | high | Goal/result phrase: ἐς γένους δόξαν. |
| 12 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 8 ὑπῆρχεν | punct | high | |
| 13 | ὁ | ὁ | DET | P-NSM- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 16 πατὴρ | det | high | |
| 14 | δέ | δέ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 8 ὑπῆρχεν | cc | high | |
| 15 | οἱ | οἱ | PRON | P-DSM- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Person=3 | 16 πατὴρ | nmod | medium | Possessive dative, ‘his’. |
| 16 | πατὴρ | πατήρ | NOUN | N-NSM- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 21 ἀπέδει | nsubj | high | |
| 17 | χρημάτων | χρῆμα | NOUN | N-GPN- | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 18 ἕνεκα | obl | high | Genitive with ἕνεκα. |
| 18 | ἕνεκα | ἕνεκα | ADP | R-------- | _ | 21 ἀπέδει | obl | high | Postpositive/typically postposed causal preposition. |
| 19 | μέσου | μέσος | ADJ | A-GSM- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 20 ἀνδρὸς | amod | high | Modifies ἀνδρός. |
| 20 | ἀνδρὸς | ἀνήρ | NOUN | N-GSM- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 21 ἀπέδει | obl | medium | Genitive of comparison/qualification with μέσου ἀνδρός: an ordinary man. |
| 21 | ἀπέδει | ἀποδείκνυμι | VERB | V-AAI-3S- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 8 ὑπῆρχεν | conj | medium | Aorist of ἀποδείκνυμι, ‘showed/proved’; object is understood from context. |
| 22 | Θηβαίου | Θηβαῖος | ADJ | A-GSM- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 20 ἀνδρὸς | amod | medium | Probably modifies ἀνδρός: ‘a Theban ordinary man’; attachment is somewhat uncertain. |
| 23 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 21 ἀπέδει | punct | high |
διδάγματα δὲ αὐτοῖς τά τε ἐπιχώρια ἔμαθεν ἐς τὸ ἀκριβέστατον καὶ ὡς ἤδη μειράκιον ἦν ἐφοίτησεν ὡς Λῦσιν, ἄνδρα γένος μὲν Ταραντῖνον, ἐπιστάμενον δὲ τοὺς Πυθαγόρου τοῦ Σαμίου λόγους.
The sentence has coordinated object phrases: διδάγματα ... ἔμαθεν and an ἐφοίτησεν clause with ὡς + accusative Λῦσιν; ἄνδρα ... ἐπιστάμενον is an accusative appositive/secondary predicate referring to Λῦσιν. The exact attachment of the infinitive-like ὡς phrase is somewhat interpretive.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | διδάγματα | δίδαγμα | NOUN | ----NPN- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 7 ἔμαθεν | obj | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | -------- | _ | 7 ἔμαθεν | cc | high | |
| 3 | αὐτοῖς | αὐτός | PRON | ----DPM- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Prs | 7 ἔμαθεν | iobj | high | Dative of the persons taught. |
| 4 | τά | ὁ | DET | ----NPN- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 6 ἐπιχώρια | det | high | |
| 5 | τε | τε | CCONJ | -------- | _ | 6 ἐπιχώρια | cc | high | |
| 6 | ἐπιχώρια | ἐπιχώριος | ADJ | ----NPN- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 1 διδάγματα | conj | medium | Substantivized neuter plural, coordinated with διδάγματα. |
| 7 | ἔμαθεν | μανθάνω | VERB | V3SAAI--- | Aspect=Perf|Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 16 ἐφοίτησεν | conj | high | Aorist form of μανθάνω; subject is understood. |
| 8 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | -------- | _ | 10 ἀκριβέστατον | case | high | |
| 9 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | ----ASN- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 10 ἀκριβέστατον | det | high | |
| 10 | ἀκριβέστατον | ἀκριβής | ADJ | ----ASN- | Case=Acc|Degree=Sup|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 7 ἔμαθεν | obl | medium | Substantivized accusative with ἐς, ‘to the utmost precision’. |
| 11 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | -------- | _ | 16 ἐφοίτησεν | cc | high | |
| 12 | ὡς | ὡς | SCONJ | -------- | _ | 15 ἦν | mark | medium | Introduces the temporal/comparative subordinate clause. |
| 13 | ἤδη | ἤδη | ADV | -------- | _ | 15 ἦν | advmod | high | |
| 14 | μειράκιον | μειράκιον | NOUN | ----NSN- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 15 ἦν | xcomp | high | Predicate nominative with ἦν. |
| 15 | ἦν | εἰμί | AUX | V3SIAI--- | Aspect=Imp|Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 16 ἐφοίτησεν | advcl | medium | Imperfect of εἰμί; clause describes the stage at which he attended. |
| 16 | ἐφοίτησεν | φοιτάω | VERB | V3SAAI--- | Aspect=Perf|Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 17 | ὡς | ὡς | ADP | -------- | _ | 18 Λῦσιν | case | medium | Preposition-like ὡς introducing the person attended; sometimes analyzed as a complementizer/preposition. |
| 18 | Λῦσιν | Λῦσις | PROPN | ----ASM- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 16 ἐφοίτησεν | obl | high | Accusative personal name after ὡς. |
| 19 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 18 Λῦσιν | punct | high | |
| 20 | ἄνδρα | ἀνήρ | NOUN | ----ASM- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 18 Λῦσιν | appos | high | Appositive accusative to Λῦσιν. |
| 21 | γένος | γένος | NOUN | ----NSN- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 23 Ταραντῖνον | obl | high | With respect to birth/origin; γένος μέν ... Ταραντῖνον. |
| 22 | μὲν | μέν | PART | -------- | _ | 21 γένος | discourse | high | |
| 23 | Ταραντῖνον | Ταραντῖνος | ADJ | ----ASN- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 20 ἄνδρα | parataxis | medium | Predicative accusative, agreeing with γένος understood as the respect in which he was Tarentine. |
| 24 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 20 ἄνδρα | punct | high | |
| 25 | ἐπιστάμενον | ἐπίσταμαι | VERB | V2SMP---- | Aspect=Pres|Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Mid | 20 ἄνδρα | acl | high | Accusative participle agreeing with ἄνδρα/Λῦσιν. |
| 26 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | -------- | _ | 25 ἐπιστάμενον | cc | high | |
| 27 | τοὺς | ὁ | DET | ----APM- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 31 λόγους | det | high | |
| 28 | Πυθαγόρου | Πυθαγόρας | PROPN | ----GSM- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 31 λόγους | nmod | high | Genitive dependent on λόγους. |
| 29 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | ----GSM- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 30 Σαμίου | det | high | |
| 30 | Σαμίου | Σάμιος | ADJ | ----GSM- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 28 Πυθαγόρου | amod | high | Ethnic adjective, ‘the Samian’. |
| 31 | λόγους | λόγος | NOUN | ----APM- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 25 ἐπιστάμενον | obj | high | |
| 32 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 16 ἐφοίτησεν | punct | high |
λέγεται δὲ ὁ Ἐπαμινώνδας, ἡνίκα ἐπολέμουν Λακεδαιμόνιοι Μαντινεῦσι, πεμφθῆναι σὺν ἄλλοις ἀνδράσιν ἐκ Θηβῶν Λακεδαιμονίοις ἐπαμύνειν·
Accusative-and-infinitive construction: λέγεται governs Ἐπαμινώνδας as accusative subject of πεμφθῆναι, which coordinates with ἐπαμύνειν. ἡνίκα-clause is temporal; Λακεδαιμόνιοι is its subject and Μαντινεῦσι its dative opponent, while Λακεδαιμονίοις is the dative beneficiary of ἐπαμύνειν.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | λέγεται | λέγω | VERB | V-PPI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Pass | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 1 λέγεται | cc | high | |
| 3 | ὁ | ὁ | DET | T-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 4 Ἐπαμινώνδας | det | high | |
| 4 | Ἐπαμινώνδας | Ἐπαμινώνδας | PROPN | N-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 11 πεμφθῆναι | nsubj | medium | Surface nominative; syntactically the accusative-and-infinitive subject is understood as accusative, with nominative by attraction after passive λέγεται. |
| 5 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 4 Ἐπαμινώνδας | punct | high | |
| 6 | ἡνίκα | ἡνίκα | SCONJ | ADV | _ | 7 ἐπολέμουν | mark | high | Temporal subordinating conjunction. |
| 7 | ἐπολέμουν | πολεμέω | VERB | V-IAI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Imp|Voice=Act | 11 πεμφθῆναι | advcl | high | |
| 8 | Λακεδαιμόνιοι | Λακεδαιμόνιος | PROPN | N-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 7 ἐπολέμουν | nsubj | high | |
| 9 | Μαντινεῦσι | Μαντινεύς | PROPN | N-DPM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 7 ἐπολέμουν | obl | high | Dative of opponent. |
| 10 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 7 ἐπολέμουν | punct | high | |
| 11 | πεμφθῆναι | πέμπω | VERB | V-APN | Mood=Inf|Tense=Aor|Voice=Pass | 1 λέγεται | ccomp | high | |
| 12 | σὺν | σύν | ADP | P | _ | 14 ἀνδράσιν | case | high | |
| 13 | ἄλλοις | ἄλλος | ADJ | A-DPM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 14 ἀνδράσιν | amod | high | |
| 14 | ἀνδράσιν | ἀνήρ | NOUN | N-DPM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 11 πεμφθῆναι | obl | high | |
| 15 | ἐκ | ἐκ | ADP | P | _ | 16 Θηβῶν | case | high | |
| 16 | Θηβῶν | Θῆβαι | PROPN | N-GPF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 14 ἀνδράσιν | nmod | high | Source/origin complement of ἀνδράσιν. |
| 17 | Λακεδαιμονίοις | Λακεδαιμόνιος | PROPN | N-DPM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 18 ἐπαμύνειν | iobj | high | Dative beneficiary of ἐπαμύνειν. |
| 18 | ἐπαμύνειν | ἐπαμύνω | VERB | V-PAN | Mood=Inf|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 11 πεμφθῆναι | xcomp | high | Purpose/complementary infinitive coordinated semantically with πεμφθῆναι. |
| 19 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 1 λέγεται | punct | high |
ἔχοντα δὲ τραύματα ἐν τῇ μάχῃ Πελοπίδαν ἐξέσωσεν ἐς ἅπαν ἀφικόμενος κινδύνου.
The participle ἀφικόμενος is a circumstantial adjunct to ἐξέσωσεν; ἐς ἅπαν κινδύνου is textually/syntactically unusual, so the analysis of ἅπαν is tentative.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἔχοντα | ἔχω | VERB | PAPMSA | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Mood=Part|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 7 Πελοπίδαν | acl | high | Present active participle agreeing with Πελοπίδαν. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 8 ἐξέσωσεν | cc | high | |
| 3 | τραύματα | τραῦμα | NOUN | N-APN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 1 ἔχοντα | obj | high | Object of ἔχοντα. |
| 4 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | PREP | _ | 6 μάχῃ | case | high | |
| 5 | τῇ | ὁ | DET | T-DSF | Case=Dat|Definite=Def|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 6 μάχῃ | det | high | |
| 6 | μάχῃ | μάχη | NOUN | N-DSF | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 1 ἔχοντα | obl | high | Temporal/situational oblique phrase with ἔχοντα. |
| 7 | Πελοπίδαν | Πελοπίδας | PROPN | N-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 8 ἐξέσωσεν | obj | high | Accusative object of ἐξέσωσεν. |
| 8 | ἐξέσωσεν | ἐκσῴζω | VERB | V-AAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 9 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | PREP | _ | 10 ἅπαν | case | high | |
| 10 | ἅπαν | ἅπας | ADJ | A-ASN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 12 κινδύνου | obl | medium | Substantivized accusative neuter, likely ‘entirely/in all’ with κινδύνου; syntactically difficult. |
| 11 | ἀφικόμενος | ἀφικνέομαι | VERB | V-AMP-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Mood=Part|Number=Sing|Tense=Aor|Voice=Mid | 8 ἐξέσωσεν | advcl | high | Circumstantial participle with implied subject of ἐξέσωσεν. |
| 12 | κινδύνου | κίνδυνος | NOUN | N-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 11 ἀφικόμενος | obl | medium | Genitive complement of ἀφικόμενος, ‘having come to the point/extremity of danger’. |
| 13 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 8 ἐξέσωσεν | punct | high |