Grammar parses for passage 9.13.11
Open translation for this passage
Θηβαίοις μὲν ἡ νίκη κατείργαστο ἐπιφανέστατα πασῶν ὁπόσας κατὰ Ἑλλήνων ἀνείλοντο Ἕλληνες·
The sentence compares this Theban victory with all victories the Greeks had won against Greeks; ὁπόσας is a relative-correlative accusative referring to understood νίκας.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Θηβαίοις | Θηβαῖος | PROPN | N-DPN | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 5 κατείργαστο | iobj | high | Dative of the Thebans, recipient/possessor-like argument of the verbal predicate. |
| 2 | μὲν | μέν | PART | _ | _ | 4 νίκη | discourse | high | Correlative particle; its δέ counterpart is not present in this sentence. |
| 3 | ἡ | ὁ | DET | T-N-NFS | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 4 νίκη | det | high | Article modifying νίκη. |
| 4 | νίκη | νίκη | NOUN | N-NFS | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 5 κατείργαστο | nsubj | high | Subject of κατείργαστο. |
| 5 | κατείργαστο | κατεργάζομαι | VERB | V-LAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pluperf|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | medium | Pluperfect middle/passive form; context favors a completed resultant state, ‘had been achieved/accomplished’. |
| 6 | ἐπιφανέστατα | ἐπιφανής | ADJ | A-NNS | Case=Nom|Degree=Super|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 5 κατείργαστο | xcomp | medium | Superlative predicate complement, functioning adverbially with the verbal predicate. |
| 7 | πασῶν | πᾶς | ADJ | A-GPF | Case=Gen|Degree=Pos|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 6 ἐπιφανέστατα | obl | medium | Partitive genitive dependent on the superlative. |
| 8 | ὁπόσας | ὁπόσος | PRON | A-GAF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 11 ἀνείλοντο | obj | high | Relative-correlative pronoun, object of ἀνείλοντο; antecedent is understood victories. |
| 9 | κατὰ | κατά | ADP | P | _ | 10 Ἑλλήνων | case | high | Accusative-governing preposition. |
| 10 | Ἑλλήνων | Ἕλλην | PROPN | N-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 9 κατὰ | obl | high | Genitive complement of κατά in the phrase κατὰ Ἑλλήνων. |
| 11 | ἀνείλοντο | ἀναιρέω | VERB | V-AIM-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Mid | 8 ὁπόσας | acl:relcl | high | Aorist middle relative-clause predicate; subject is Ἕλληνες. |
| 12 | Ἕλληνες | Ἕλλην | PROPN | N-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 11 ἀνείλοντο | nsubj | high | Subject of ἀνείλοντο. |
| 13 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 5 κατείργαστο | punct | high | Sentence-final punctuation. |
Λακεδαιμόνιοι δὲ ἐς τὴν ὑστεραίαν τοὺς τεθνεῶτας διενοοῦντο ὡς θάψοντες καὶ ἀποστέλλουσι κήρυκα ἐς τοὺς Θηβαίους.
The sentence has a main imperfect verb διενοοῦντο with a future-purpose participle θάψοντες, followed by coordinated historical-present ἀποστέλλουσι; ὡς marks the intended-action construction.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Λακεδαιμόνιοι | Λακεδαιμόνιος | PROPN | N--PMN- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 8 διενοοῦντο | nsubj | high | Ethnic name used substantivally. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 8 διενοοῦντο | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | R-------- | _ | 5 ὑστεραίαν | case | high | Preposition governing the accusative temporal expression. |
| 4 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | L----ASF- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 5 ὑστεραίαν | det | high | |
| 5 | ὑστεραίαν | ὑστεραία | NOUN | N----ASF- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 8 διενοοῦντο | obl | high | Temporal accusative with ἐς. |
| 6 | τοὺς | ὁ | DET | L----AMP- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 7 τεθνεῶτας | det | high | |
| 7 | τεθνεῶτας | θνῄσκω | VERB | V-RP-PAM- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Perf|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 8 διενοοῦντο | obj | high | Substantivized perfect active participle, ‘the dead’. |
| 8 | διενοοῦντο | διανοέομαι | VERB | V-I金-IMI- | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Imperf|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | medium | Form is imperfect middle; construed with a prospective participle and coordinated finite verb. |
| 9 | ὡς | ὡς | SCONJ | C-------- | _ | 10 θάψοντες | mark | medium | Introduces the intended-purpose participial construction. |
| 10 | θάψοντες | θάπτω | VERB | V--F-PNM- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Fut|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 8 διενοοῦντο | advcl | high | Future active participle expressing intended action. |
| 11 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 12 ἀποστέλλουσι | cc | high | Coordinates ἀποστέλλουσι with the preceding verbal complex. |
| 12 | ἀποστέλλουσι | ἀποστέλλω | VERB | V- P A I-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 8 διενοοῦντο | conj | high | Present historical tense; coordinated with διενοοῦντο. |
| 13 | κήρυκα | κῆρυξ | NOUN | N----ASM- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 12 ἀποστέλλουσι | obj | high | |
| 14 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | R-------- | _ | 16 Θηβαίους | case | high | Preposition governing the accusative. |
| 15 | τοὺς | ὁ | DET | L----AMP- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 16 Θηβαίους | det | high | |
| 16 | Θηβαίους | Θηβαῖος | PROPN | N--PMA- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 12 ἀποστέλλουσι | obl | high | Ethnic name used substantivally; destination of the herald. |
| 17 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 8 διενοοῦντο | punct | high |
Ἐπαμινώνδας δέ, ἐπιστάμενος ὡς ἐπικρύπτεσθαι τὰς συμφορὰς ἀεί ποτε οἱ Λακεδαιμόνιοι πεφύκασιν, ἔφασκεν ἀναίρεσιν τῶν νεκρῶν προτέροις αὐτῶν διδόναι τοῖς συμμάχοις, ἐπὶ δὲ ἐκείνοις ἀνελομένοις οὕτω καὶ τοὺς Λακεδαιμονίους ἠξίου θάπτειν τοὺς αὑτῶν.
The syntax contains a dative absolute (ἐκείνοις ἀνελομένοις) and coordinated infinitival proposals: διδόναι is governed by ἔφασκεν, while θάπτειν is governed by coordinated ἠξίου.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Ἐπαμινώνδας | Ἐπαμεινώνδας | PROPN | N--MNS-- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 15 ἔφασκεν | nsubj | high | |
| 2 | δέ | δέ | CCONJ | ---- | _ | 15 ἔφασκεν | cc | high | |
| 3 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 15 ἔφασκεν | punct | high | |
| 4 | ἐπιστάμενος | ἐπίσταμαι | VERB | V-PMPNSM- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Mid | 15 ἔφασκεν | advcl | high | |
| 5 | ὡς | ὡς | SCONJ | ---- | _ | 6 ἐπικρύπτεσθαι | mark | high | |
| 6 | ἐπικρύπτεσθαι | ἐπικρύπτω | VERB | V-PMN---- | Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Mid | 4 ἐπιστάμενος | ccomp | high | Infinitive under ἐπιστάμενος. |
| 7 | τὰς | ὁ | DET | T-APF--- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 8 συμφορὰς | det | high | |
| 8 | συμφορὰς | συμφορά | NOUN | N-AFP---- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 6 ἐπικρύπτεσθαι | obj | high | |
| 9 | ἀεί | ἀεί | ADV | D-------- | _ | 13 πεφύκασιν | advmod | high | |
| 10 | ποτε | ποτε | ADV | D-------- | _ | 9 ἀεί | advmod | high | Indefinite/emphatic temporal particle. |
| 11 | οἱ | ὁ | DET | T-NPM--- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 12 Λακεδαιμόνιοι | det | high | |
| 12 | Λακεδαιμόνιοι | Λακεδαιμόνιος | PROPN | A-NPM--- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 13 πεφύκασιν | nsubj | high | Substantivized ethnic adjective. |
| 13 | πεφύκασιν | φύω | VERB | V-RIA3P-- | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Perf|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 6 ἐπικρύπτεσθαι | ccomp | medium | Perfect of φύω, lexicalized as ‘be naturally disposed’; governs ἐπικρύπτεσθαι. |
| 14 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 15 ἔφασκεν | punct | high | |
| 15 | ἔφασκεν | φημί | VERB | V-IAI3S-- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Imp|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 16 | ἀναίρεσιν | ἀναίρεσις | NOUN | N-AFS---- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 21 διδόναι | obj | high | Accusative subject/object-like complement of infinitive διδόναι. |
| 17 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | T-GPM--- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 18 νεκρῶν | det | high | |
| 18 | νεκρῶν | νεκρός | ADJ | A-GPM--- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 16 ἀναίρεσιν | nmod | high | Substantivized adjective. |
| 19 | προτέροις | πρότερος | ADJ | A-DPM--- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 21 διδόναι | obl | high | Dative of the persons to whom the action is given first. |
| 20 | αὐτῶν | αὐτός | PRON | P-GPM--- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3 | 19 προτέροις | nmod | medium | Genitive dependent on προτέροις, ‘of them/their [men]’; antecedent is the Lacedaemonians. |
| 21 | διδόναι | δίδωμι | VERB | V-PNA---- | Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act | 15 ἔφασκεν | ccomp | high | Infinitive complement of ἔφασκεν. |
| 22 | τοῖς | ὁ | DET | T-DPM--- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 23 συμμάχοις | det | high | |
| 23 | συμμάχοις | σύμμαχος | NOUN | N-DPM---- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 21 διδόναι | iobj | high | |
| 24 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 21 διδόναι | punct | high | |
| 25 | ἐπὶ | ἐπί | ADP | R-------- | _ | 28 ἀνελομένοις | case | high | With dative ἐκείνοις, ‘after/upon’. |
| 26 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | ---- | _ | 33 ἠξίου | cc | high | |
| 27 | ἐκείνοις | ἐκεῖνος | PRON | P-DPM--- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 28 ἀνελομένοις | obl | high | Dative with ἐπί; refers to the allies. |
| 28 | ἀνελομένοις | ἀναιρέω | VERB | V-AMPDPM- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Mid | 33 ἠξίου | advcl | high | Dative absolute with ἐκείνοις. |
| 29 | οὕτω | οὕτως | ADV | D-------- | _ | 34 θάπτειν | advmod | high | |
| 30 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | ---- | _ | 34 θάπτειν | cc | high | |
| 31 | τοὺς | ὁ | DET | T-APM--- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 32 Λακεδαιμονίους | det | high | |
| 32 | Λακεδαιμονίους | Λακεδαιμόνιος | PROPN | A-APM--- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 34 θάπτειν | obj | high | Substantivized ethnic adjective. |
| 33 | ἠξίου | ἀξιόω | VERB | V-IAI3S-- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Imp|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 15 ἔφασκεν | conj | high | Coordinated finite verb, continuing the reported proposal. |
| 34 | θάπτειν | θάπτω | VERB | V-PNA---- | Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act | 33 ἠξίου | xcomp | high | Infinitive complement of ἠξίου. |
| 35 | τοὺς | ὁ | DET | T-APM--- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 36 αὑτῶν | det | high | |
| 36 | αὑτῶν | ἑαυτοῦ | PRON | P-GPM--- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|Reflex=Yes | 32 Λακεδαιμονίους | nmod | high | Genitive reflexive possessive, ‘their own’. |
| 37 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 15 ἔφασκεν | punct | high |