Grammar parses for passage 9.13.12
Open translation for this passage
ὡς δὲ τῶν συμμάχων οἱ μὲν οὐδὲ ἀρχὴν ἀνῃροῦντο ἅτε οὐ τεθνεῶτός σφισιν οὐδενός, τῶν δὲ ὀλίγον ἐφαίνετο εἶναι τὸ διεφθαρμένον, οὕτω Λακεδαιμόνιοί τε ἔθαπτον τοὺς αὑτῶν καὶ ἤδη Σπαρτιάτας ἐξελήλεγκτο εἶναι τοὺς κειμένους.
The opening ὡς-clause contains coordinated genitive-partitive groups and an embedded genitive absolute; the main clause is coordinated by καί, with ἐξελήλεγκτο εἶναι functioning as an impersonal result/assessment construction.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ὡς | ὡς | SCONJ | CONJ | _ | 19 ἐφαίνετο | mark | high | Temporal/comparative subordinating conjunction introducing the explanatory clause. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 19 ἐφαίνετο | cc | high | |
| 3 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | T----GPM- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 4 συμμάχων | det | high | |
| 4 | συμμάχων | σύμμαχος | NOUN | N----GPM- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 9 ἀνῃροῦντο | nsubj | medium | Genitive subject/partitive phrase with οἱ μὲν and τῶν δέ. |
| 5 | οἱ | ὁ | PRON | P----NM- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 9 ἀνῃροῦντο | nsubj | high | Substantival article, correlative first member. |
| 6 | μὲν | μέν | PART | PTCL | _ | 5 οἱ | advmod | high | |
| 7 | οὐδὲ | οὐδέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 9 ἀνῃροῦντο | advmod | high | Negative additive adverb/conjunction, here meaning ‘not even’. |
| 8 | ἀρχὴν | ἀρχή | NOUN | N----A-S- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 7 οὐδὲ | obl | medium | Accusative adverbial expression οὐδὲ ἀρχήν. |
| 9 | ἀνῃροῦντο | ἀναιρέω | VERB | V3PIIM--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Imp|Voice=Mid | 19 ἐφαίνετο | ccomp | high | Imperfect middle, ‘were not being counted/removed’. |
| 10 | ἅτε | ἅτε | SCONJ | CONJ | _ | 12 τεθνεῶτός | mark | high | Causal marker with participle. |
| 11 | οὐ | οὐ | PART | PTCL | _ | 12 τεθνεῶτός | advmod | high | |
| 12 | τεθνεῶτός | θνῄσκω | VERB | V--PAP-GSM- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Perf|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 9 ἀνῃροῦντο | advcl | high | Genitive absolute participle; perfect active genitive singular. |
| 13 | σφισιν | σφεῖς | PRON | P-----D-- | Case=Dat|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs | 12 τεθνεῶτός | obl | high | Dative in the genitive absolute. |
| 14 | οὐδενός | οὐδείς | PRON | P--GSM--- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Neg | 12 τεθνεῶτός | nsubj | high | Genitive subject of the genitive absolute. |
| 15 | , | , | PUNCT | PUNC | _ | 19 ἐφαίνετο | punct | high | |
| 16 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | T----GPM- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 18 ὀλίγον | det | high | |
| 17 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 18 ὀλίγον | cc | high | |
| 18 | ὀλίγον | ὀλίγος | ADJ | A----ASM- | Case=Acc|Degree=Pos|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 19 ἐφαίνετο | nsubj | medium | Substantival accusative/neuter-like quantificational phrase; syntactically the subject of ἐφαίνετο is the amount found damaged. |
| 19 | ἐφαίνετο | φαίνω | VERB | V3SII度--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Imp|Voice=Mid | 24 οὕτω | advcl | high | Imperfect middle/deponent, governing the infinitive εἶναι. |
| 20 | εἶναι | εἰμί | AUX | V--PNA--- | Mood=Inf|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act | 19 ἐφαίνετο | xcomp | high | Infinitive complement of ἐφαίνετο. |
| 21 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | T----NAS- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 22 διεφθαρμένον | det | high | |
| 22 | διεφθαρμένον | διαφθείρω | VERB | V--XPPNAS- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|Tense=Perf|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass | 20 εἶναι | xcomp | high | Substantivized perfect passive participle, accusative neuter singular, predicate of εἶναι. |
| 23 | , | , | PUNCT | PUNC | _ | 24 οὕτω | punct | high | |
| 24 | οὕτω | οὕτως | ADV | D--------- | _ | 27 ἔθαπτον | advmod | high | Correlative adverb, ‘thus/in consequence’. |
| 25 | Λακεδαιμόνιοί | Λακεδαιμόνιος | PROPN | N----NM- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 27 ἔθαπτον | nsubj | high | |
| 26 | τε | τε | PART | PTCL | _ | 25 Λακεδαιμόνιοί | cc | high | Postpositive coordinating particle. |
| 27 | ἔθαπτον | θάπτω | VERB | V3PIIA--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Imp|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 28 | τοὺς | ὁ | DET | T----APM- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 29 αὑτῶν | det | high | |
| 29 | αὑτῶν | ἑαυτοῦ | PRON | P----GPM- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Prs|Reflex=Yes | 27 ἔθαπτον | obj | high | Substantival reflexive possessive phrase, ‘their own [men]’. |
| 30 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 33 ἐξελήλεγκτο | cc | high | Coordinates the second infinitival/result clause. |
| 31 | ἤδη | ἤδη | ADV | D--------- | _ | 33 ἐξελήλεγκτο | advmod | high | |
| 32 | Σπαρτιάτας | Σπαρτιάτης | PROPN | N----APM- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 33 ἐξελήλεγκτο | obj | high | Accusative subject of the infinitive εἶναι. |
| 33 | ἐξελήλεγκτο | ἐξελέγχω | VERB | V3SPLM--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Plup|Voice=Mid | 27 ἔθαπτον | conj | medium | Pluperfect middle/passive, impersonal or subjectless: ‘it had been proved/established’. |
| 34 | εἶναι | εἰμί | AUX | V--PNA--- | Mood=Inf|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act | 33 ἐξελήλεγκτο | xcomp | high | Infinitive complement of ἐξελήλεγκτο. |
| 35 | τοὺς | ὁ | DET | T----APM- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 36 κειμένους | det | high | |
| 36 | κειμένους | κεῖμαι | VERB | V--PMPAPM- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Mid | 34 εἶναι | xcomp | high | Substantivized present middle participle, ‘those lying [there]’; predicate complement of εἶναι. |
| 37 | . | . | PUNCT | PUNC | _ | 27 ἔθαπτον | punct | high |
ἀπέθανον δὲ Θηβαίων τε καὶ ὅσοι παρέμειναν Βοιωτῶν ἑπτὰ καὶ τεσσαράκοντα ἄνδρες, Λακεδαιμονίων δὲ αὐτῶν πλείους ἢ χίλιοι.
The first clause has an ellipted/semantically understood subject and predicate construction: ἑπτὰ καὶ τεσσαράκοντα ἄνδρες is the quantified subject, with Θηβαίων and the relative clause modifying the understood group of Boeotians; the second clause is an elliptical continuation, with πλείους ἢ χίλιοι as a nominative subject/predicate quantity and ἀπέθανον understood.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἀπέθανον | ἀποθνῄσκω | VERB | V-2AAI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 1 ἀπέθανον | cc | high | |
| 3 | Θηβαίων | Θηβαῖος | ADJ | A-2GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 12 ἄνδρες | nmod | medium | Substantivized ethnic adjective, ‘of Thebans’. |
| 4 | τε | τε | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 3 Θηβαίων | cc | high | |
| 5 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 7 παρέμειναν | cc | high | |
| 6 | ὅσοι | ὅσος | PRON | AP-MPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 7 παρέμειναν | nsubj | high | Free/relative quantifier, ‘as many as’. |
| 7 | παρέμειναν | παραμένω | VERB | V-2AAI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 12 ἄνδρες | acl:rel | high | |
| 8 | Βοιωτῶν | Βοιωτός | ADJ | A-2GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 6 ὅσοι | nmod | medium | Substantivized ethnic adjective, ‘of Boeotians’; construed within the relative phrase. |
| 9 | ἑπτὰ | ἑπτά | NUM | N- card | NumType=Card | 11 τεσσαράκοντα | nummod | high | |
| 10 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 11 τεσσαράκοντα | cc | high | |
| 11 | τεσσαράκοντα | τεσσαράκοντα | NUM | N- card | NumType=Card | 12 ἄνδρες | nummod | high | |
| 12 | ἄνδρες | ἀνήρ | NOUN | N-2NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 1 ἀπέθανον | nsubj | medium | Quantified subject of ἀπέθανον; Θηβαίων and the relative phrase specify the groups counted. |
| 13 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 1 ἀπέθανον | punct | high | |
| 14 | Λακεδαιμονίων | Λακεδαιμόνιος | ADJ | A-2GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 17 πλείους | nmod | high | Substantivized ethnic adjective, ‘of Lacedaemonians’. |
| 15 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 1 ἀπέθανον | cc | high | Coordinates the elliptical second clause. |
| 16 | αὐτῶν | αὐτός | PRON | P-3GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs | 17 πλείους | advmod | medium | Intensifying/contrastive genitive, ‘of them/their own’; exact attachment is uncertain. |
| 17 | πλείους | πολύς | ADJ | A-CMP-NPM | Case=Nom|Degree=Cmp|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 1 ἀπέθανον | nsubj | medium | Comparative numeral-like subject/predicate in the elliptical second clause; ἀπέθανον is understood. |
| 18 | ἢ | ἤ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 19 χίλιοι | cc | high | Comparative conjunction. |
| 19 | χίλιοι | χίλιοι | NUM | A-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|NumType=Card|Number=Plur | 17 πλείους | conj | high | |
| 20 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 1 ἀπέθανον | punct | high |