Grammar parses for passage 9.13.9
Open translation for this passage
ὡς δὲ ἐς χεῖρας συνῄεσαν, ἐνταῦθα οἱ σύμμαχοι τῶν Λακεδαιμονίων ἅτε αὐτοῖς καὶ τὸν πρὸ τοῦ χρόνον οὐκ ἀρεσκόμενοι τὸ ἔχθος μάλιστα ἐπεδείκνυντο, οὔτε κατὰ χώραν μένειν ἐθέλοντες, ἐνδιδόντες δὲ ὅπῃ σφίσιν οἱ πολέμιοι προσφέροιντο.
Two main predicates (συνῄεσαν, ἐπεδείκνυντο) are coordinated only loosely by discourse structure; the final optative clause is best taken as dependent on ἐνδιδόντες, with ὅπῃ functioning adverbially.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ὡς | ὡς | SCONJ | _ | _ | 5 συνῄεσαν | mark | high | Temporal clause introducer. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | PART | _ | _ | 5 συνῄεσαν | discourse | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | _ | _ | 4 χεῖρας | case | high | Preposition with accusative. |
| 4 | χεῖρας | χείρ | NOUN | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 5 συνῄεσαν | obl | high | Fixed idiom with ἐς. |
| 5 | συνῄεσαν | συνέρχομαι | VERB | _ | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Imp|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main verb of the temporal clause. |
| 6 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 5 συνῄεσαν | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 7 | ἐνταῦθα | ἐνταῦθα | ADV | _ | _ | 24 ἐπεδείκνυντο | advmod | high | Sentence adverb. |
| 8 | οἱ | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 9 σύμμαχοι | det | high | Article modifying σύμμαχοι. |
| 9 | σύμμαχοι | σύμμαχος | NOUN | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 24 ἐπεδείκνυντο | nsubj | high | Subject of ἐπεδείκνυντο. |
| 10 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 11 Λακεδαιμονίων | det | high | Article. |
| 11 | Λακεδαιμονίων | Λακεδαιμόνιος | PROPN | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 9 σύμμαχοι | nmod | high | Genitive modifier of σύμμαχοι. |
| 12 | ἅτε | ἅτε | SCONJ | _ | _ | 20 ἀρεσκόμενοι | mark | medium | Causal/concessive marker introducing participial phrase. |
| 13 | αὐτοῖς | αὐτός | PRON | _ | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs | 20 ἀρεσκόμενοι | iobj | medium | Dative with ἀρεσκόμενοι; referent likely the Spartans. |
| 14 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 20 ἀρεσκόμενοι | cc | high | Coordinating conjunction. |
| 15 | τὸν | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 18 χρόνον | det | high | Article. |
| 16 | πρὸ | πρό | ADP | _ | _ | 18 χρόνον | case | high | Preposition. |
| 17 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 18 χρόνον | det | high | Article. |
| 18 | χρόνον | χρόνος | NOUN | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 20 ἀρεσκόμενοι | obl | high | Temporal phrase with πρό. |
| 19 | οὐκ | οὐ | PART | _ | _ | 20 ἀρεσκόμενοι | advmod | high | Negation. |
| 20 | ἀρεσκόμενοι | ἀρέσκω | VERB | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Mid | 24 ἐπεδείκνυντο | advcl | high | Circumstantial participle modifying the subject. |
| 21 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 22 ἔχθος | det | high | Article. |
| 22 | ἔχθος | ἔχθος | NOUN | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 24 ἐπεδείκνυντο | obj | high | Direct object of ἐπεδείκνυντο. |
| 23 | μάλιστα | μάλιστα | ADV | _ | _ | 24 ἐπεδείκνυντο | advmod | high | Degree adverb. |
| 24 | ἐπεδείκνυντο | ἐπιδείκνυμι | VERB | _ | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Imp|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main predicate of the second clause. |
| 25 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 24 ἐπεδείκνυντο | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 26 | οὔτε | οὔτε | CCONJ | _ | _ | 30 ἐθέλοντες | cc | high | Paired negative coordinator. |
| 27 | κατὰ | κατά | ADP | _ | _ | 28 χώραν | case | high | Preposition. |
| 28 | χώραν | χώρα | NOUN | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 29 μένειν | obl | high | Object of κατά in fixed phrase. |
| 29 | μένειν | μένω | VERB | _ | Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act | 30 ἐθέλοντες | xcomp | high | Complement of ἐθέλοντες. |
| 30 | ἐθέλοντες | ἐθέλω | VERB | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 24 ἐπεδείκνυντο | advcl | high | Participial clause coordinated with the following participle. |
| 31 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 30 ἐθέλοντες | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 32 | ἐνδιδόντες | ἐνδίδωμι | VERB | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 24 ἐπεδείκνυντο | advcl | high | Coordinated participial clause. |
| 33 | δὲ | δέ | PART | _ | _ | 32 ἐνδιδόντες | discourse | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 34 | ὅπῃ | ὅπη | ADV | _ | _ | 38 προσφέροιντο | advmod | high | Relative/indefinite adverb 'where/how'. |
| 35 | σφίσιν | σφεῖς | PRON | _ | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs | 38 προσφέροιντο | iobj | high | Dative of advantage/recipient. |
| 36 | οἱ | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 37 πολέμιοι | det | high | Article. |
| 37 | πολέμιοι | πολέμιος | NOUN | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 38 προσφέροιντο | nsubj | high | Subject of προσφέροιντο. |
| 38 | προσφέροιντο | προσφέρω | VERB | _ | Mood=Opt|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Mid | 32 ἐνδιδόντες | advcl | medium | Optative in indirect style; dependent on participle ἐνδιδόντες. |
| 39 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 24 ἐπεδείκνυντο | punct | high | Punctuation. |
αὐτοὺς δὲ Λακεδαιμονίους καὶ Θηβαίους ἐξ ἴσου καθίστη τοὺς μὲν ἐμπειρία τε ἡ προϋπάρχουσα καὶ ἅμα αἰδουμένους μὴ καταλῦσαι τῆς Σπάρτης τὸ ἀξίωμα, Θηβαῖοι δὲ ὑπὲρ τῆς πατρίδος καὶ πρὸ γυναικῶν καὶ παίδων τὸν κίνδυνον ἐφεστηκότα ἑώρων.
The syntax is difficult because the transmitted text has a somewhat awkward participial chain after καθίστη; I treat the accusative participles as dependent on the main verb and the second clause as a coordinated main clause.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | αὐτοὺς | αὐτός | PRON | Pp-acc-pm | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs|Reflex=No | 8 καθίστη | obj | high | Direct object of καθίστη. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | PART | Pt | _ | 8 καθίστη | discourse | high | Postpositive particle. |
| 3 | Λακεδαιμονίους | Λακεδαιμόνιος | PROPN | A-acc-pm | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 1 αὐτοὺς | appos | high | Apposition to αὐτούς. |
| 4 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | Cc | _ | 5 Θηβαίους | cc | high | Joins the two ethnic names. |
| 5 | Θηβαίους | Θηβαῖος | PROPN | A-acc-pm | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 3 Λακεδαιμονίους | conj | high | Conjunct of Λακεδαιμονίους. |
| 6 | ἐξ | ἐκ | ADP | R | _ | 7 ἴσου | case | high | Case marker with ἴσου. |
| 7 | ἴσου | ἴσος | ADJ | A-gen-sg | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 8 καθίστη | obl | medium | Adverbial genitive phrase 'on an equal basis'. |
| 8 | καθίστη | καθίστημι | VERB | V-impf-act-3s | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Imp|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main verb; understood subject is Pausanias/narrator. |
| 9 | τοὺς | ὁ | DET | Df-acc-pm | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 11 ἐμπειρία | det | high | Article with ἐμπειρία as substantivized participial phrase. |
| 10 | μὲν | μέν | PART | Pt | _ | 11 ἐμπειρία | discourse | high | Correlative particle. |
| 11 | ἐμπειρία | ἐμπειρία | NOUN | N-s---fn- | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 17 αἰδουμένους | advcl | low | Likely part of the first participial clause, though agreement is problematic in the transmitted text. |
| 12 | τε | τε | PART | Gf | _ | 11 ἐμπειρία | discourse | high | Enclitic connective particle. |
| 13 | ἡ | ὁ | DET | Df-nom-fs | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 14 προϋπάρχουσα | det | high | Article with participle. |
| 14 | προϋπάρχουσα | προϋπάρχω | VERB | V-pap-act-ns | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 11 ἐμπειρία | acl | high | Attributive participle modifying ἐμπειρία. |
| 15 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | Cc | _ | 17 αἰδουμένους | cc | high | Joins coordinated participial elements. |
| 16 | ἅμα | ἅμα | ADV | Df | _ | 17 αἰδουμένους | advmod | high | Adverb modifying αἰδουμένους. |
| 17 | αἰδουμένους | αἰδέομαι | VERB | V-pmp-mpa | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Mid | 8 καθίστη | xcomp | high | Accusative participle coordinated with the προηγουσα phrase, dependent on καθίστη. |
| 18 | μὴ | μή | PART | Fn | _ | 19 καταλῦσαι | advmod | high | Negates infinitive. |
| 19 | καταλῦσαι | καταλύω | VERB | V-aor-act-in | Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act | 17 αἰδουμένους | xcomp | high | Infinitive complement of αἰδουμένους. |
| 20 | τῆς | ὁ | DET | Df-gen-fs | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 21 Σπάρτης | det | high | Article with Σπάρτης. |
| 21 | Σπάρτης | Σπάρτη | PROPN | N-gen-fs | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 23 ἀξίωμα | nmod | high | Genitive dependent on ἀξίωμα. |
| 22 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | Df-acc-ns | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 23 ἀξίωμα | det | high | Article with ἀξίωμα. |
| 23 | ἀξίωμα | ἀξίωμα | NOUN | N-acc-ns | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 19 καταλῦσαι | obj | high | Object of καταλῦσαι. |
| 24 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 8 καθίστη | punct | high | Comma punctuation. |
| 25 | Θηβαῖοι | Θηβαῖος | PROPN | A-nom-pm | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 38 ἑώρων | nsubj | high | Subject of ἑώρων. |
| 26 | δὲ | δέ | PART | Pt | _ | 38 ἑώρων | discourse | high | Postpositive particle. |
| 27 | ὑπὲρ | ὑπέρ | ADP | R | _ | 29 πατρίδος | case | high | Case marker with πατρίδος. |
| 28 | τῆς | ὁ | DET | Df-gen-fs | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 29 πατρίδος | det | high | Article with πατρίδος. |
| 29 | πατρίδος | πατρίς | NOUN | N-gen-fs | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 38 ἑώρων | obl | high | Oblique complement with ὑπέρ. |
| 30 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | Cc | _ | 31 πρὸ | cc | high | Coordinates prepositions. |
| 31 | πρὸ | πρό | ADP | R | _ | 36 κίνδυνον | case | high | Case marker with γυναικῶν. |
| 32 | γυναικῶν | γυνή | NOUN | N-gen-pf | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 36 κίνδυνον | obl | high | Object of πρὸ. |
| 33 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | Cc | _ | 34 παίδων | cc | high | Joins γυναικῶν and παίδων. |
| 34 | παίδων | παῖς | NOUN | N-gen-pm | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 32 γυναικῶν | conj | high | Conjunct of γυναικῶν. |
| 35 | τὸν | ὁ | DET | Df-acc-ms | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 36 κίνδυνον | det | high | Article with κίνδυνον. |
| 36 | κίνδυνον | κίνδυνος | NOUN | N-acc-ms | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 38 ἑώρων | obj | high | Object of ἑώρων. |
| 37 | ἐφεστηκότα | ἐφίστημι | VERB | V-pap-act-asm | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Perf|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 36 κίνδυνον | amod | medium | Attributive participle modifying κίνδυνον; semantics somewhat uncertain. |
| 38 | ἑώρων | ὁράω | VERB | V-impf-act-3p | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Imp|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Second main verb; coordinated asyndetically with the first clause. |
| 39 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 38 ἑώρων | punct | high | Sentence-final punctuation. |