Grammar parses for passage 9.13.9
Open translation for this passage
ὡς δὲ ἐς χεῖρας συνῄεσαν, ἐνταῦθα οἱ σύμμαχοι τῶν Λακεδαιμονίων ἅτε αὐτοῖς καὶ τὸν πρὸ τοῦ χρόνον οὐκ ἀρεσκόμενοι τὸ ἔχθος μάλιστα ἐπεδείκνυντο, οὔτε κατὰ χώραν μένειν ἐθέλοντες, ἐνδιδόντες δὲ ὅπῃ σφίσιν οἱ πολέμιοι προσφέροιντο.
Subordinate ὡς-clause (1–5) sets the temporal circumstance; ἐνταῦθα introduces the main clause. The participles ἀρεσκόμενοι, ἐθέλοντες, and ἐνδιδόντες describe the allies’ hostile and yielding behavior. ὅπῃ is an indefinite-relative adverb introducing the clause governed by προσφέροιντο; the optative is potential/iterative in reported context.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ὡς | ὡς | SCONJ | CONJ | PronType=Rel | 5 συνῄεσαν | mark | high | Temporal conjunction. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 7 ἐνταῦθα | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | PREP | _ | 4 χεῖρας | case | high | Variant form of εἰς. |
| 4 | χεῖρας | χείρ | NOUN | N-AFP | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 5 συνῄεσαν | obl | high | Accusative in the idiom εἰς χεῖρας συνιέναι. |
| 5 | συνῄεσαν | σύνειμι | VERB | V-IAI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Imp|Voice=Act | 7 ἐνταῦθα | advcl | high | Temporal subordinate predicate. |
| 6 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 5 συνῄεσαν | punct | high | |
| 7 | ἐνταῦθα | ἐνταῦθα | ADV | ADV | PronType=Dem | 24 ἐπεδείκνυντο | advmod | high | Locative/temporal adverb marking the main-clause setting. |
| 8 | οἱ | ὁ | DET | T-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 9 σύμμαχοι | det | high | |
| 9 | σύμμαχοι | σύμμαχος | NOUN | N-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 24 ἐπεδείκνυντο | nsubj | high | Subject of ἐπεδείκνυντο. |
| 10 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | T-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 11 Λακεδαιμονίων | det | high | |
| 11 | Λακεδαιμονίων | Λακεδαιμόνιος | PROPN | A-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 9 σύμμαχοι | nmod | high | Genitive dependent on σύμμαχοι. |
| 12 | ἅτε | ἅτε | SCONJ | CONJ | _ | 20 ἀρεσκόμενοι | mark | high | Conjunction introducing causal participial circumstance. |
| 13 | αὐτοῖς | αὐτός | PRON | P-DPM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Prs | 20 ἀρεσκόμενοι | iobj | medium | Dative with ἀρέσκομαι: pleasing to them. |
| 14 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 18 χρόνον | advmod | high | Adverbial καί, ‘also/even’. |
| 15 | τὸν | ὁ | DET | T-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 18 χρόνον | det | high | |
| 16 | πρὸ | πρό | ADP | PREP | _ | 18 χρόνον | case | high | Preposition governing χρόνον. |
| 17 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | T-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 18 χρόνον | det | high | |
| 18 | χρόνον | χρόνος | NOUN | N-ASM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 20 ἀρεσκόμενοι | obl | high | Accusative of duration/time with πρὸ τοῦ. |
| 19 | οὐκ | οὐ | PART | ADV | Polarity=Neg | 20 ἀρεσκόμενοι | advmod | high | Negative particle. |
| 20 | ἀρεσκόμενοι | ἀρέσκομαι | VERB | V-PMP-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Mid | 24 ἐπεδείκνυντο | advcl | medium | Participial clause under ἅτε; subject is the allies. Middle/deponent usage. |
| 21 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | T-ASN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 22 ἔχθος | det | high | |
| 22 | ἔχθος | ἔχθος | NOUN | N-ASN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 24 ἐπεδείκνυντο | obj | high | Object of ἐπεδείκνυντο. |
| 23 | μάλιστα | μάλιστα | ADV | ADV-S | Degree=Sup | 24 ἐπεδείκνυντο | advmod | high | Superlative adverb. |
| 24 | ἐπεδείκνυντο | ἐπιδείκνυμι | VERB | V-IMI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Imp|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main predicate; middle means ‘displayed/showed’. |
| 25 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 24 ἐπεδείκνυντο | punct | high | |
| 26 | οὔτε | οὔτε | CCONJ | CONJ | Polarity=Neg | 30 ἐθέλοντες | cc | high | Coordinates the following participial adjunct with ἐνδιδόντες. |
| 27 | κατὰ | κατά | ADP | PREP | _ | 28 χώραν | case | high | κατὰ χώραν means ‘in position/on the ground’. |
| 28 | χώραν | χώρα | NOUN | N-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 29 μένειν | obl | high | |
| 29 | μένειν | μένω | VERB | V-PNA | Mood=Inf|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act | 30 ἐθέλοντες | xcomp | high | Complementary infinitive of ἐθέλοντες. |
| 30 | ἐθέλοντες | ἐθέλω | VERB | V-PAP-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 24 ἐπεδείκνυντο | advcl | high | Coordinated participial adjunct, sharing subject with σύμμαχοι. |
| 31 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 30 ἐθέλοντες | punct | high | |
| 32 | ἐνδιδόντες | ἐνδίδωμι | VERB | V-PAP-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 24 ἐπεδείκνυντο | advcl | high | Coordinated participle, ‘giving way/yielding’. |
| 33 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 32 ἐνδιδόντες | cc | high | Postpositive connective within the final participial clause. |
| 34 | ὅπῃ | ὅπῃ | ADV | ADV | PronType=Rel | 38 προσφέροιντο | advmod | medium | Indefinite-relative adverb, ‘where/how(ever)’. |
| 35 | σφίσιν | σφεῖς | PRON | P-D3P | Case=Dat|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs | 38 προσφέροιντο | iobj | high | Dative of disadvantage/affected party with προσφέροιντο. |
| 36 | οἱ | ὁ | DET | T-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 37 πολέμιοι | det | high | |
| 37 | πολέμιοι | πολέμιος | NOUN | N-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 38 προσφέροιντο | nsubj | high | Subject of προσφέροιντο. |
| 38 | προσφέροιντο | προσφέρω | VERB | V-PAO-3P | Mood=Opt|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Mid | 32 ἐνδιδόντες | ccomp | medium | Optative in the subordinate clause; middle may be deponent/lexical (‘approached/engaged’). |
| 39 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 24 ἐπεδείκνυντο | punct | high |
αὐτοὺς δὲ Λακεδαιμονίους καὶ Θηβαίους ἐξ ἴσου καθίστη τοὺς μὲν ἐμπειρία τε ἡ προϋπάρχουσα καὶ ἅμα αἰδουμένους μὴ καταλῦσαι τῆς Σπάρτης τὸ ἀξίωμα, Θηβαῖοι δὲ ὑπὲρ τῆς πατρίδος καὶ πρὸ γυναικῶν καὶ παίδων τὸν κίνδυνον ἐφεστηκότα ἑώρων.
The finite καθίστη is the root, with coordinated accusative objects Λακεδαιμονίους and Θηβαίους; τοὺς μέν introduces an accusative participial complement for the Spartans, while Θηβαῖοι δέ supplies a coordinated nominative subject of ἑώρων. The participle ἐφεστηκότα modifies κίνδυνον.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | αὐτοὺς | αὐτός | PRON | A--PAM-- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Prs | 8 καθίστη | obj | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 8 καθίστη | cc | high | |
| 3 | Λακεδαιμονίους | Λακεδαιμόνιος | PROPN | A--PAM-- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 8 καθίστη | obj | high | |
| 4 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 5 Θηβαίους | cc | high | |
| 5 | Θηβαίους | Θηβαῖος | PROPN | A--PAM-- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 8 καθίστη | obj | high | |
| 6 | ἐξ | ἐκ | ADP | R-------- | _ | 7 ἴσου | case | high | |
| 7 | ἴσου | ἴσος | ADJ | A--GSN-- | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 8 καθίστη | obl | high | Adverbial phrase ἐξ ἴσου. |
| 8 | καθίστη | καθίστημι | VERB | V3SIA--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Imperf|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | medium | Imperfect form; construed as making/representing them equal. |
| 9 | τοὺς | ὁ | DET | P---MAM-- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 17 αἰδουμένους | det | high | |
| 10 | μὲν | μέν | PART | X-------- | _ | 17 αἰδουμένους | mark | high | |
| 11 | ἐμπειρία | ἐμπειρία | NOUN | N--NSF-- | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 14 προϋπάρχουσα | nsubj | medium | Subject of προϋπάρχουσα within the μέν phrase. |
| 12 | τε | τε | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 11 ἐμπειρία | cc | high | |
| 13 | ἡ | ὁ | DET | P---NSF-- | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 14 προϋπάρχουσα | det | high | |
| 14 | προϋπάρχουσα | προϋπάρχω | VERB | V-PNAPSF- | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 17 αἰδουμένους | advcl | medium | Participial explanation of the Spartans' prior experience. |
| 15 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 17 αἰδουμένους | cc | high | |
| 16 | ἅμα | ἅμα | ADV | D-------- | _ | 17 αἰδουμένους | advmod | high | |
| 17 | αἰδουμένους | αἰδέομαι | VERB | V-PMPAM-- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Mid | 8 καθίστη | xcomp | high | Accusative participle agreeing with τοὺς, with implicit subject the Spartans. |
| 18 | μὴ | μή | PART | T-------- | _ | 19 καταλῦσαι | advmod | high | |
| 19 | καταλῦσαι | καταλύω | VERB | V--ANA--- | Mood=Inf|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act | 17 αἰδουμένους | xcomp | high | |
| 20 | τῆς | ὁ | DET | P---GSF-- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 21 Σπάρτης | det | high | |
| 21 | Σπάρτης | Σπάρτη | PROPN | N--GSF-- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 23 ἀξίωμα | nmod | high | |
| 22 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | P---ASN-- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 23 ἀξίωμα | det | high | |
| 23 | ἀξίωμα | ἀξίωμα | NOUN | N--ASN-- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 19 καταλῦσαι | obj | high | |
| 24 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 8 καθίστη | punct | high | |
| 25 | Θηβαῖοι | Θηβαῖος | PROPN | N--NPM-- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 38 ἑώρων | nsubj | high | |
| 26 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 38 ἑώρων | cc | high | |
| 27 | ὑπὲρ | ὑπέρ | ADP | R-------- | _ | 29 πατρίδος | case | high | |
| 28 | τῆς | ὁ | DET | P---GSF-- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 29 πατρίδος | det | high | |
| 29 | πατρίδος | πατρίς | NOUN | N--GSF-- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 38 ἑώρων | obl | high | |
| 30 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 31 πρὸ | cc | high | |
| 31 | πρὸ | πρό | ADP | R-------- | _ | 32 γυναικῶν | case | high | |
| 32 | γυναικῶν | γυνή | NOUN | N--GPF-- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 38 ἑώρων | obl | high | |
| 33 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 34 παίδων | cc | high | |
| 34 | παίδων | παῖς | NOUN | N--GPM-- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 32 γυναικῶν | conj | high | |
| 35 | τὸν | ὁ | DET | P---ASM-- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 36 κίνδυνον | det | high | |
| 36 | κίνδυνον | κίνδυνος | NOUN | N--ASM-- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 38 ἑώρων | obj | high | |
| 37 | ἐφεστηκότα | ἐφίστημι | VERB | V-RPASM-- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Perf|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 36 κίνδυνον | acl | high | |
| 38 | ἑώρων | ὁράω | VERB | V3PIA--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Imperf|Voice=Act | 8 καθίστη | conj | high | Coordinated finite verb after Θηβαῖοι δέ. |
| 39 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 8 καθίστη | punct | high |