Grammar parses for passage 9.14.4
Open translation for this passage
τότε δὲ ὁ Ἐπαμινώνδας ὡς τοὺς Θεσπιεῖς καταφεύγοντας ἐς τὸν Κερησσὸν ἐξεῖλε, πρὸς τὰ ἐν Πελοποννήσῳ παραυτίκα ἔσπευδεν ἅτε καὶ τῶν Ἀρκάδων προθύμως μεταπεμπομένων.
The sentence has a main imperfect ἔσπευδεν, an antecedent ὡς-clause with accusative participle καταφεύγοντας, and a causal genitive absolute ἅτε ... μεταπεμπομένων.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | τότε | τότε | ADV | D- | PronType=Dem | 19 ἔσπευδεν | advmod | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C- | _ | 19 ἔσπευδεν | cc | high | |
| 3 | ὁ | ὁ | DET | DAms | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 4 Ἐπαμινώνδας | det | high | |
| 4 | Ἐπαμινώνδας | Ἐπαμινώνδας | PROPN | Ne-s---mn- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 19 ἔσπευδεν | nsubj | high | |
| 5 | ὡς | ὡς | SCONJ | G- | _ | 12 ἐξεῖλε | mark | medium | Introduces the temporal/circumstantial clause with καταφεύγοντας. |
| 6 | τοὺς | ὁ | DET | DAmp | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 7 Θεσπιεῖς | det | high | |
| 7 | Θεσπιεῖς | Θεσπιεύς | PROPN | Ne-p---ma- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 8 καταφεύγοντας | obj | high | |
| 8 | καταφεύγοντας | καταφεύγω | VERB | V-pppama- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 12 ἐξεῖλε | advcl | medium | Accusative participle agrees with τοὺς Θεσπιεῖς; circumstantial relation to ἐξεῖλε. |
| 9 | ἐς | ἐς | ADP | R- | _ | 11 Κερησσὸν | case | high | |
| 10 | τὸν | ὁ | DET | DAms | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 11 Κερησσὸν | det | high | |
| 11 | Κερησσὸν | Κερησσός | PROPN | Ne-s---ma- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 8 καταφεύγοντας | obl | high | |
| 12 | ἐξεῖλε | ἐξαιρέω | VERB | V3saia--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 19 ἔσπευδεν | advcl | high | Aorist finite verb in the ὡς-clause. |
| 13 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 12 ἐξεῖλε | punct | high | |
| 14 | πρὸς | πρός | ADP | R- | _ | 15 τὰ | case | high | |
| 15 | τὰ | ὁ | DET | DApn | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 19 ἔσπευδεν | obl | medium | Substantivized article, ‘the affairs/events’; πρὸς phrase modifies ἔσπευδεν. |
| 16 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | R- | _ | 17 Πελοποννήσῳ | case | high | |
| 17 | Πελοποννήσῳ | Πελοπόννησος | PROPN | Ne-s---ln- | Case=Loc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 15 τὰ | nmod | high | Dative/locative form governed by ἐν. |
| 18 | παραυτίκα | παραυτίκα | ADV | D- | _ | 19 ἔσπευδεν | advmod | high | |
| 19 | ἔσπευδεν | σπεύδω | VERB | V3siia--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Impf|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 20 | ἅτε | ἅτε | SCONJ | G- | _ | 25 μεταπεμπομένων | mark | high | Introduces causal participial construction. |
| 21 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C- | _ | 25 μεταπεμπομένων | advmod | high | Intensifying καί with the participle. |
| 22 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | DAmp | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 23 Ἀρκάδων | det | high | |
| 23 | Ἀρκάδων | Ἀρκάς | PROPN | Ne-p---mg- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 25 μεταπεμπομένων | nsubj | high | Genitive absolute subject. |
| 24 | προθύμως | πρόθυμος | ADV | D- | _ | 25 μεταπεμπομένων | advmod | high | |
| 25 | μεταπεμπομένων | μεταπέμπω | VERB | V-pppgmg- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass | 19 ἔσπευδεν | advcl | high | Genitive absolute, causal/circumstantial. |
| 26 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 19 ἔσπευδεν | punct | high |
ἐλθὼν δὲ Ἀργείους μὲν προσελάβετο ἑκουσίους συμμάχους, Μαντινέας δὲ κατὰ κώμας ὑπὸ Ἀγησιπόλιδος διῳκισμένους ἐς τὴν ἀρχαίαν συνήγαγεν αὖθις πόλιν·
The participle ἐλθών is a circumstantial nominative masculine singular referring to the implicit subject of προσελάβετο/συνήγαγεν. Μαντινέας is the object of συνήγαγεν; διῳκισμένους is a perfect passive participle modifying Μαντινέας, with ὑπό-agent. The μεν...δε construction contrasts the two objects/actions.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἐλθὼν | ἔρχομαι | VERB | V-PAI-NMS | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 5 προσελάβετο | advcl | high | Circumstantial aorist participle, subject understood with the finite verbs. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 5 προσελάβετο | cc | high | Postpositive coordinator. |
| 3 | Ἀργείους | Ἀργεῖος | PROPN | A-----AM- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 5 προσελάβετο | obj | high | Object of προσελάβετο; ethnic name used substantivally. |
| 4 | μὲν | μέν | PART | PART | _ | 3 Ἀργείους | discourse | high | First member of μεν...δε contrast. |
| 5 | προσελάβετο | προσλαμβάνω | VERB | V-AMI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | high | Finite aorist middle verb; governs the first coordinated object. |
| 6 | ἑκουσίους | ἑκούσιος | ADJ | A---AM- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 7 συμμάχους | amod | high | Agrees with συμμάχους. |
| 7 | συμμάχους | σύμμαχος | NOUN | N-----AM- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 5 προσελάβετο | obj | high | Predicative/appositional object complement to Ἀργείους, describing them as willing allies. |
| 8 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 5 προσελάβετο | punct | high | |
| 9 | Μαντινέας | Μαντινεύς | PROPN | A-----AM- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 19 συνήγαγεν | obj | high | Object of συνήγαγεν. |
| 10 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 19 συνήγαγεν | cc | high | Second member of μεν...δε contrast. |
| 11 | κατὰ | κατά | ADP | P | _ | 12 κώμας | case | high | Takes accusative κώμας, expressing distribution. |
| 12 | κώμας | κώμη | NOUN | N-----AF- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 15 διῳκισμένους | obl | high | Adverbial accusative within the participial phrase, with κατά. |
| 13 | ὑπὸ | ὑπό | ADP | P | _ | 14 Ἀγησιπόλιδος | case | high | Introduces the agent of the passive participle. |
| 14 | Ἀγησιπόλιδος | Ἀγησίπολις | PROPN | N-----GM- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 15 διῳκισμένους | obl:agent | high | Genitive agent with ὑπό. |
| 15 | διῳκισμένους | διοικίζω | VERB | V-RPM-PAM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Perf|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass | 19 συνήγαγεν | acl | high | Perfect passive participle modifying Μαντινέας. |
| 16 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | P | _ | 21 πόλιν | case | high | Introduces the destination. |
| 17 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | RA---AF- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 18 ἀρχαίαν | det | high | Article modifying ἀρχαίαν. |
| 18 | ἀρχαίαν | ἀρχαῖος | ADJ | A---AF- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 21 πόλιν | amod | high | Modifies πόλιν. |
| 19 | συνήγαγεν | συνάγω | VERB | V-AAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 5 προσελάβετο | conj | high | Second coordinated finite verb, with shared subject. |
| 20 | αὖθις | αὖθις | ADV | D | _ | 19 συνήγαγεν | advmod | high | Adverb meaning again. |
| 21 | πόλιν | πόλις | NOUN | N-----AF- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 19 συνήγαγεν | obl | high | Destination complement with ἐς; semantically the destination to which the Mantineans were regathered. |
| 22 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 5 προσελάβετο | punct | high |
τὰ δὲ πολίσματα τὰ Ἀρκάδων ὁπόσα εἶχεν ἀσθενῶς καταλῦσαι πείσας τοὺς Ἀρκάδας, πατρίδα ἐν κοινῷ σφισιν ᾤκισεν, ἣ Μεγάλη καὶ ἐς ἡμᾶς ἔτι καλεῖται πόλις.
The main predicate is ᾤκισεν, with τὰ πολίσματα ... ὁπόσα εἶχεν as its object; πείσας is a circumstantial participle with τοὺς Ἀρκάδας as object, and ἣ ... πόλις is a relative clause identifying πατρίδα. The syntax of ἀσθενῶς καταλῦσαι is somewhat compressed: it expresses persuading the Arcadians to destroy/abandon weakly or insufficiently fortified settlements.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | τὰ | ὁ | DET | T-APN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 3 πολίσματα | det | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C | _ | 18 ᾤκισεν | cc | high | |
| 3 | πολίσματα | πολίσμα | NOUN | N-APN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 18 ᾤκισεν | obj | high | |
| 4 | τὰ | ὁ | DET | T-APN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 3 πολίσματα | det | high | Article repeated before the genitive modifier. |
| 5 | Ἀρκάδων | Ἀρκάς | PROPN | N-GP | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 3 πολίσματα | nmod | high | |
| 6 | ὁπόσα | ὁπόσος | PRON | P-APN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 7 εἶχεν | obj | medium | Relative/indefinite quantity pronoun, referring to the settlements. |
| 7 | εἶχεν | ἔχω | VERB | V-IAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Imp|Voice=Act | 3 πολίσματα | acl:relcl | high | |
| 8 | ἀσθενῶς | ἀσθενῶς | ADV | D | _ | 9 καταλῦσαι | advmod | medium | Adverbial modification is semantically compressed; may qualify the manner/degree of καταλῦσαι. |
| 9 | καταλῦσαι | καταλύω | VERB | V-AN | Mood=Inf|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 10 πείσας | xcomp | high | Complementary infinitive after πείσας. |
| 10 | πείσας | πείθω | VERB | V-PAP-NSM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 18 ᾤκισεν | advcl | high | Circumstantial participle agreeing with the understood masculine subject. |
| 11 | τοὺς | ὁ | DET | T-APM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 12 Ἀρκάδας | det | high | |
| 12 | Ἀρκάδας | Ἀρκάς | PROPN | N-APM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 10 πείσας | obj | high | |
| 13 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 10 πείσας | punct | high | |
| 14 | πατρίδα | πατρίς | NOUN | N-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 18 ᾤκισεν | obj | high | Predicative/object complement-like accusative with ᾤκισεν: established a homeland. |
| 15 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | R | _ | 16 κοινῷ | case | high | |
| 16 | κοινῷ | κοινός | ADJ | A-DSN | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 14 πατρίδα | obl | medium | Substantivized/elliptical phrase, likely ‘in common’; syntactically attached to πατρίδα or the establishment. |
| 17 | σφισιν | σφεῖς | PRON | P-DPM | Case=Dat|Number=Plur|Person=3|Reflex=Yes | 18 ᾤκισεν | iobj | high | Third-person plural dative pronoun, ‘for themselves/them’. |
| 18 | ᾤκισεν | οἰκίζω | VERB | V-AAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 19 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 18 ᾤκισεν | punct | high | |
| 20 | ἣ | ὅς | PRON | P-NSF | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 26 καλεῖται | nsubj | high | Relative pronoun referring to πατρίδα. |
| 21 | Μεγάλη | μέγας | ADJ | A-NSF | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 27 πόλις | amod | high | Part of the proper name Μεγάλη πόλις. |
| 22 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C | _ | 26 καλεῖται | cc | high | |
| 23 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | R | _ | 24 ἡμᾶς | case | high | |
| 24 | ἡμᾶς | ἐγώ | PRON | P-AP | Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=1 | 26 καλεῖται | obl | high | |
| 25 | ἔτι | ἔτι | ADV | D | _ | 26 καλεῖται | advmod | high | |
| 26 | καλεῖται | καλέω | VERB | V-PMI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Mid | 27 πόλις | acl:relcl | high | Passive/middle in meaning: ‘is still called’. |
| 27 | πόλις | πόλις | NOUN | N-NSF | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 0 ROOT | root | medium | The relative clause is copular/nominal; ἣ is its subject and πόλις its predicative noun. A single-sentence dependency tree would attach this clause to ᾤκισεν, but nominal predication makes the root analysis structurally ambiguous. |
| 28 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 18 ᾤκισεν | punct | high |