Grammar parses for passage 9.14.4
Open translation for this passage
τότε δὲ ὁ Ἐπαμινώνδας ὡς τοὺς Θεσπιεῖς καταφεύγοντας ἐς τὸν Κερησσὸν ἐξεῖλε, πρὸς τὰ ἐν Πελοποννήσῳ παραυτίκα ἔσπευδεν ἅτε καὶ τῶν Ἀρκάδων προθύμως μεταπεμπομένων.
The main syntactic difficulty is the relationship of τὰ ἐν Πελοποννήσῳ, which is best read as an object phrase with an implicit substantival reference rather than a fully explicit noun.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | τότε | τότε | ADV | D--------- | _ | 19 ἔσπευδεν | advmod | high | Temporal adverb modifying ἔσπευδεν. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | PART | G--------- | _ | 19 ἔσπευδεν | discourse | high | Postpositive connective particle. |
| 3 | ὁ | ὁ | DET | RA--NSM--- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 4 Ἐπαμινώνδας | det | high | Article with proper name. |
| 4 | Ἐπαμινώνδας | Ἐπαμινώνδας | PROPN | Ne-s---mn- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 12 ἐξεῖλε | nsubj | high | Subject of ἐξεῖλε. |
| 5 | ὡς | ὡς | SCONJ | C--------- | _ | 12 ἐξεῖλε | mark | high | Introduces a temporal/clausal circumstance. |
| 6 | τοὺς | ὁ | DET | RA--APM--- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 7 Θεσπιεῖς | det | high | Article with Θεσπιεῖς. |
| 7 | Θεσπιεῖς | Θεσπιεύς | PROPN | Ne-p---ma- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 8 καταφεύγοντας | obj | high | Object of καταφεύγοντας. |
| 8 | καταφεύγοντας | καταφεύγω | VERB | V-ppama--- | Aspect=Imp|Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 12 ἐξεῖλε | advcl | high | Participial clause dependent on ἐξεῖλε. |
| 9 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | R--------- | _ | 12 ἐξεῖλε | case | high | Preposition governing Κερησσὸν. |
| 10 | τὸν | ὁ | DET | RA--ASM--- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 11 Κερησσὸν | det | high | Article with place name. |
| 11 | Κερησσὸν | Κερησσός | PROPN | Ne-s---ma- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 12 ἐξεῖλε | obl | high | Goal of ἐς. |
| 12 | ἐξεῖλε | ἐξαιρέω | VERB | V-aia-3s- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main verbal predicate of the first clause. |
| 13 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 12 ἐξεῖλε | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 14 | πρὸς | πρός | ADP | R--------- | _ | 19 ἔσπευδεν | case | high | Preposition introducing object of concern/goal. |
| 15 | τὰ | ὁ | DET | RA--APN--- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 19 ἔσπευδεν | obj | high | Article functioning with substantive participial phrase. |
| 16 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | R--------- | _ | 17 Πελοποννήσῳ | case | high | Preposition with Πελοποννήσῳ. |
| 17 | Πελοποννήσῳ | Πελοπόννησος | PROPN | Ne-s---fd- | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 15 τὰ | nmod | medium | Likely modifies τὰ as an implicit substantive phrase 'the matters in the Peloponnese'. |
| 18 | παραυτίκα | παραυτίκα | ADV | D--------- | _ | 19 ἔσπευδεν | advmod | high | Adverb modifying ἔσπευδεν. |
| 19 | ἔσπευδεν | σπεύδω | VERB | V-iaa-3s- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Imp|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main verb of the second clause. |
| 20 | ἅτε | ἅτε | SCONJ | C--------- | _ | 19 ἔσπευδεν | mark | high | Causal/concessive particle introducing participial clause. |
| 21 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C--------- | _ | 20 ἅτε | advmod | low | Intensifying 'also/even' with ἅτε; syntactic attachment uncertain. |
| 22 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | RA--GPM--- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 23 Ἀρκάδων | det | high | Article with Ἀρκάδων. |
| 23 | Ἀρκάδων | Ἀρκάς | PROPN | Ne-p---mg- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 25 μεταπεμπομένων | nsubj | medium | Subject of participle μεταπεμπομένων in genitive absolute. |
| 24 | προθύμως | προθύμως | ADV | D--------- | _ | 25 μεταπεμπομένων | advmod | high | Modifies the participle. |
| 25 | μεταπεμπομένων | μεταπέμπω | VERB | V-pmmpg--- | Aspect=Imp|Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Mood=Part|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Mid | 19 ἔσπευδεν | advcl | high | Genitive absolute participial clause dependent on ἔσπευδεν. |
| 26 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 19 ἔσπευδεν | punct | high | Punctuation. |
ἐλθὼν δὲ Ἀργείους μὲν προσελάβετο ἑκουσίους συμμάχους, Μαντινέας δὲ κατὰ κώμας ὑπὸ Ἀγησιπόλιδος διῳκισμένους ἐς τὴν ἀρχαίαν συνήγαγεν αὖθις πόλιν·
The opening participle ἐλθὼν is a circumstantial modifier of the first main verb; the sentence then contrasts two coordinated actions with μὲν ... δὲ.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἐλθὼν | ἔρχομαι | VERB | V-PAP-NMS | Aspect=Perf|Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 5 προσελάβετο | advcl | high | Circumstantial participle modifying the main action. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | PART | PCL | _ | 5 προσελάβετο | discourse | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | Ἀργείους | Ἀργεῖος | ADJ | A-APM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 7 συμμάχους | amod | medium | Used substantivally or adjectivally; modifies συμμάχους. |
| 4 | μὲν | μέν | PART | PCL | _ | 3 Ἀργείους | discourse | high | Correlative particle, paired with δὲ. |
| 5 | προσελάβετο | προσλαμβάνω | VERB | V-AMI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main finite verb of the first clause. |
| 6 | ἑκουσίους | ἑκούσιος | ADJ | A-APM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 7 συμμάχους | amod | high | Adjectival modifier of συμμάχους. |
| 7 | συμμάχους | σύμμαχος | NOUN | N-APM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 5 προσελάβετο | obj | high | Direct object of προσελάβετο. |
| 8 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 5 προσελάβετο | punct | high | Comma punctuation. |
| 9 | Μαντινέας | Μαντινεύς | PROPN | NNP-APM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 19 συνήγαγεν | obj | high | Second coordinated object phrase of συνήγαγεν. |
| 10 | δὲ | δέ | PART | PCL | _ | 19 συνήγαγεν | discourse | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 11 | κατὰ | κατά | ADP | PREP | _ | 12 κώμας | case | high | Preposition governing κώμας. |
| 12 | κώμας | κώμη | NOUN | N-APF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 15 διῳκισμένους | obl | high | Adverbial phrase with διῳκισμένους. |
| 13 | ὑπὸ | ὑπό | ADP | PREP | _ | 14 Ἀγησιπόλιδος | case | high | Agentive preposition. |
| 14 | Ἀγησιπόλιδος | Ἀγησίπολις | PROPN | NNP-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 15 διῳκισμένους | obl | high | Agent in passive participial clause. |
| 15 | διῳκισμένους | διοικίζω | VERB | V-RPP-APM | Aspect=Perf|Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Perf|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Pass | 9 Μαντινέας | acl | high | Participial modifier of Μαντινέας. |
| 16 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | PREP | _ | 21 πόλιν | case | high | Preposition governing πόλιν. |
| 17 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | L-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Art | 18 ἀρχαίαν | det | high | Definite article modifying ἀρχαίαν. |
| 18 | ἀρχαίαν | ἀρχαῖος | ADJ | A-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 21 πόλιν | amod | high | Attribute of πόλιν. |
| 19 | συνήγαγεν | συνάγω | VERB | V-AAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Fin|Voice=Act | 5 προσελάβετο | conj | high | Coordinated main verb with προσελάβετο. |
| 20 | αὖθις | αὖθις | ADV | D | _ | 19 συνήγαγεν | advmod | high | Adverb modifying συνήγαγεν. |
| 21 | πόλιν | πόλις | NOUN | N-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 19 συνήγαγεν | obj | high | Direct object of συνήγαγεν. |
| 22 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 5 προσελάβετο | punct | high | Sentence-final punctuation. |
τὰ δὲ πολίσματα τὰ Ἀρκάδων ὁπόσα εἶχεν ἀσθενῶς καταλῦσαι πείσας τοὺς Ἀρκάδας, πατρίδα ἐν κοινῷ σφισιν ᾤκισεν, ἣ Μεγάλη καὶ ἐς ἡμᾶς ἔτι καλεῖται πόλις.
Main clause centers on ᾤκισεν; the participial phrase with πείσας contains an infinitival complement, and the final relative clause apposes and further describes the city.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | τὰ | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 3 πολίσματα | det | high | Article modifying πολίσματα. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | PART | _ | _ | 18 ᾤκισεν | discourse | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | πολίσματα | πολίσμα | NOUN | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 18 ᾤκισεν | obj | high | Direct object of ᾤκισεν. |
| 4 | τὰ | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 3 πολίσματα | det | high | Article in apposition with Ἀρκάδων modifying πολίσματα. |
| 5 | Ἀρκάδων | Ἀρκάς | PROPN | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 3 πολίσματα | nmod | high | Genitive modifier of πολίσματα. |
| 6 | ὁπόσα | ὁπόσος | PRON | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur|PronType=Rel | 9 καταλῦσαι | obj | medium | Likely object of καταλῦσαι; antecedent understood as πολίσματα. |
| 7 | εἶχεν | ἔχω | VERB | _ | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Imp|Voice=Act | 9 καταλῦσαι | aux | medium | Auxiliary-like use with infinitive; syntax somewhat uncertain. |
| 8 | ἀσθενῶς | ἀσθενῶς | ADV | _ | _ | 9 καταλῦσαι | advmod | high | Adverb modifying καταλῦσαι. |
| 9 | καταλῦσαι | καταλύω | VERB | _ | VerbForm=Inf | 10 πείσας | xcomp | high | Complement of πείσας. |
| 10 | πείσας | πείθω | VERB | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 18 ᾤκισεν | advcl | high | Circumstantial participle modifying ᾤκισεν. |
| 11 | τοὺς | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Art | 12 Ἀρκάδας | det | high | Article with Ἀρκάδας. |
| 12 | Ἀρκάδας | Ἀρκάς | PROPN | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 10 πείσας | obj | high | Object of πείσας. |
| 13 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 10 πείσας | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 14 | πατρίδα | πατρίς | NOUN | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 18 ᾤκισεν | obj | medium | Likely object/predicative complement with ᾤκισεν; sense 'a homeland/city'. |
| 15 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | _ | _ | 16 κοινῷ | case | high | Preposition governing κοινῷ. |
| 16 | κοινῷ | κοινός | ADJ | _ | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 18 ᾤκισεν | obl | medium | Adverbial/oblique phrase with ἐν. |
| 17 | σφισιν | σφεῖς | PRON | _ | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs | 18 ᾤκισεν | iobj | high | Dative of advantage/reference with ᾤκισεν. |
| 18 | ᾤκισεν | οἰκίζω | VERB | _ | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main verb. |
| 19 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 18 ᾤκισεν | punct | high | Punctuation. |
| 20 | ἣ | ὅς | PRON | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Rel | 27 πόλις | nsubj | high | Relative pronoun referring to πατρίδα/πόλις. |
| 21 | Μεγάλη | μέγας | ADJ | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 27 πόλις | amod | high | Predicate/attributive adjective with πόλις. |
| 22 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 23 ἐς | cc | high | Coordinating conjunction. |
| 23 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | _ | _ | 24 ἡμᾶς | case | high | Preposition governing ἡμᾶς. |
| 24 | ἡμᾶς | ἐγώ | PRON | _ | Case=Acc|Number=Plur|Person=1|PronType=Prs | 26 καλεῖται | obl | high | Oblique complement with ἐς. |
| 25 | ἔτι | ἔτι | ADV | _ | _ | 26 καλεῖται | advmod | high | Adverb modifying καλεῖται. |
| 26 | καλεῖται | καλέω | VERB | _ | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Mid | 27 πόλις | acl:relcl | high | Relative clause modifying πόλις. |
| 27 | πόλις | πόλις | NOUN | _ | Case=Nom|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 20 ἣ | appos | high | Apposition to relative pronoun ἣ. |
| 28 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 18 ᾤκισεν | punct | high | Punctuation. |