Grammar parses for passage 9.14.7
Open translation for this passage
Ἐπαμινώνδας δὲ τοὺς ἐπιθεμένους τρέπεται καὶ πρὸς αὐτὸ ἀφικόμενος Ἀθηναίων τὸ ἄστυ, ὡς ἐπεξιέναι μαχουμένους τοὺς Ἀθηναίους ἐκώλυεν Ἰφικράτης, ὁ δὲ αὖθις ἐς τὰς Θήβας ἀπήλαυνε.
Ἐπαμινώνδας is the subject of τρέπεται and the understood subject of ἀφικόμενος; ὡς introduces a causal explanatory clause with Ἰφικράτης as subject of ἐκώλυεν, while ὁ (Ἐπαμινώνδας) resumes the main subject for ἀπήλαυνε. The object of ἐκώλυεν is the articular infinitive phrase τοὺς Ἀθηναίους μαχουμένους ἐπεξιέναι.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Ἐπαμινώνδας | Ἐπαμινώνδας | PROPN | N----MS-- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 5 τρέπεται | nsubj | high | |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 5 τρέπεται | cc | high | |
| 3 | τοὺς | ὁ | DET | S----AMP- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 4 ἐπιθεμένους | det | high | |
| 4 | ἐπιθεμένους | ἐπιτίθημι | VERB | VAAM-PMP- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Mood=Part|Number=Plur|Tense=Aor|Voice=Mid | 5 τρέπεται | obj | medium | Substantivized participle, object of τρέπεται. |
| 5 | τρέπεται | τρέπω | VERB | V3SPMI | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Mid | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 6 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 9 ἀφικόμενος | cc | high | |
| 7 | πρὸς | πρός | ADP | R-------- | _ | 8 αὐτὸ | case | high | |
| 8 | αὐτὸ | αὐτός | PRON | P----ASN- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 9 ἀφικόμενος | obl | high | Refers to the city/place. |
| 9 | ἀφικόμενος | ἀφικνέομαι | VERB | VAAM-SNM- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Mood=Part|Number=Sing|Tense=Aor|Voice=Mid | 28 ἀπήλαυνε | advcl | high | Conjunct participle with Ἐπαμινώνδας as understood subject. |
| 10 | Ἀθηναίων | Ἀθηναῖος | PROPN | A----GPM- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 12 ἄστυ | nmod | high | |
| 11 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | S----ANS- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 12 ἄστυ | det | high | |
| 12 | ἄστυ | ἄστυ | NOUN | N----ANS- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 8 αὐτὸ | obl | high | Object of πρὸς, with Ἀθηναίων as genitive modifier. |
| 13 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 9 ἀφικόμενος | punct | high | |
| 14 | ὡς | ὡς | SCONJ | C-------- | _ | 19 ἐκώλυεν | mark | high | Causal/explanatory use. |
| 15 | ἐπεξιέναι | ἐπέρχομαι | VERB | V-PNA | Mood=Inf|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 19 ἐκώλυεν | xcomp | medium | Infinitive within the content of what Iphicrates prevented. |
| 16 | μαχουμένους | μάχομαι | VERB | VPMP-PAM- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Mood=Part|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|Voice=Mid | 15 ἐπεξιέναι | advcl | high | Concurrent participle, subject controlled by τοὺς Ἀθηναίους. |
| 17 | τοὺς | ὁ | DET | S----AMP- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 18 Ἀθηναίους | det | high | |
| 18 | Ἀθηναίους | Ἀθηναῖος | PROPN | A----AMP- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 15 ἐπεξιέναι | obj | high | Accusative subject of the infinitive ἐπεξιέναι. |
| 19 | ἐκώλυεν | κωλύω | VERB | V3SIAI | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Imp|Voice=Act | 9 ἀφικόμενος | advcl | high | Subject is Ἰφικράτης. |
| 20 | Ἰφικράτης | Ἰφικράτης | PROPN | N----MS-- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 19 ἐκώλυεν | nsubj | high | |
| 21 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 19 ἐκώλυεν | punct | high | |
| 22 | ὁ | ὁ | PRON | P----NMS- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 28 ἀπήλαυνε | nsubj | high | Substantival resumptive pronoun, referring to Ἐπαμινώνδας. |
| 23 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 28 ἀπήλαυνε | cc | high | |
| 24 | αὖθις | αὖθις | ADV | D-------- | _ | 28 ἀπήλαυνε | advmod | high | |
| 25 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | R-------- | _ | 27 Θήβας | case | high | |
| 26 | τὰς | ὁ | DET | S----APF- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 27 Θήβας | det | high | |
| 27 | Θήβας | Θῆβαι | PROPN | N----APF- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 28 ἀπήλαυνε | obl | high | Place name conventionally plural. |
| 28 | ἀπήλαυνε | ἀπελαύνω | VERB | V3SIAI | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Imp|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | medium | Main narrative verb; coordination with preceding verbal event is paratactic. |
| 29 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 28 ἀπήλαυνε | punct | high |
καὶ δίκην μὲν ἔφυγεν ὑπὲρ θανάτου, διότι ἐβοιωτάρχησεν ἐξήκοντος ἤδη τοῦ χρόνου·
The main verb ἔφυγεν governs δίκην as an object and ὑπὲρ θανάτου as the charge/matter escaped; διότι introduces the causal clause, where ἐβοιωτάρχησεν is modified by the genitive absolute ἐξήκοντος ἤδη τοῦ χρόνου.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | _ | _ | 4 ἔφυγεν | cc | high | |
| 2 | δίκην | δίκη | NOUN | _ | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 4 ἔφυγεν | obj | high | Accusative object with φυγεῖν/φεύγω in the sense ‘escape a penalty/charge’. |
| 3 | μὲν | μέν | PART | _ | _ | 2 δίκην | discourse | high | Correlative particle; anticipated contrast is not expressed within this sentence. |
| 4 | ἔφυγεν | φεύγω | VERB | _ | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 5 | ὑπὲρ | ὑπέρ | ADP | _ | _ | 6 θανάτου | case | high | |
| 6 | θανάτου | θάνατος | NOUN | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 4 ἔφυγεν | obl | high | Genitive complement of ὑπέρ. |
| 7 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 4 ἔφυγεν | punct | high | |
| 8 | διότι | διότι | SCONJ | _ | _ | 9 ἐβοιωτάρχησεν | mark | high | Causal subordinating conjunction. |
| 9 | ἐβοιωτάρχησεν | βοιωταρχέω | VERB | _ | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 4 ἔφυγεν | advcl | high | Causal subordinate predicate. |
| 10 | ἐξήκοντος | ἐξήκω | VERB | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Mood=Part|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 13 χρόνου | acl | medium | Present active genitive participle, forming a genitive absolute with τοῦ χρόνου; semantically ‘the term/time having reached sixty’. |
| 11 | ἤδη | ἤδη | ADV | _ | _ | 10 ἐξήκοντος | advmod | high | |
| 12 | τοῦ | ὁ | DET | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 13 χρόνου | det | high | |
| 13 | χρόνου | χρόνος | NOUN | _ | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 9 ἐβοιωτάρχησεν | nsubj | medium | Subject of the genitive absolute with ἐξήκοντος; attachment to the causal verb is represented through the participial clause. |
| 14 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 4 ἔφυγεν | punct | high |
λέγονται δὲ οἱ δικάζειν λαχόντες οὐδὲ ἀρχὴν περὶ αὐτοῦ θέσθαι τὴν ψῆφον.
The nominative substantivized participle οἱ λαχόντες is the subject of impersonal λέγονται; δικάζειν and θέσθαι are coordinated reported infinitives.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | λέγονται | λέγω | VERB | V-3PPI | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Pass | 0 ROOT | root | high | Impersonal passive, introducing reported content. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 1 λέγονται | cc | high | |
| 3 | οἱ | ὁ | DET | T-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 5 λαχόντες | det | high | Article substantivizing the participle. |
| 4 | δικάζειν | δικάζω | VERB | V-PAN | Mood=Inf|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 5 λαχόντες | xcomp | high | Complementary infinitive with λαχόντες. |
| 5 | λαχόντες | λαγχάνω | VERB | V-2AAP-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 1 λέγονται | nsubj | high | Substantivized nominative aorist participle, subject of λέγονται. |
| 6 | οὐδὲ | οὐδέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 10 θέσθαι | cc | high | Coordinates the infinitival predicates. |
| 7 | ἀρχὴν | ἀρχή | NOUN | N-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 10 θέσθαι | obj | medium | Adverbial accusative, ‘at all/in the first place’; scope with θέσθαι. |
| 8 | περὶ | περί | ADP | P | _ | 9 αὐτοῦ | case | high | |
| 9 | αὐτοῦ | αὐτός | PRON | P-GSM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|PronType=Prs | 10 θέσθαι | obl | high | Genitive governed by περί. |
| 10 | θέσθαι | τίθημι | VERB | V-2AMN | Mood=Inf|Tense=Aor|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Mid | 1 λέγονται | ccomp | high | Second infinitive in the reported content. |
| 11 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | T-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 12 ψῆφον | det | high | |
| 12 | ψῆφον | ψῆφος | NOUN | N-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 10 θέσθαι | obj | high | Accusative object of θέσθαι. |
| 13 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 1 λέγονται | punct | high |