Grammar parses for passage 9.14.6
Open translation for this passage
ἐν τούτῳ δὲ οἱ τῶν Θηβαίων σύμμαχοι κατέτρεχον διασκεδασθέντες χώραν τὴν Λακωνικὴν καὶ ἥρπαζον τὰ ἐξ αὐτῆς·
The participle διασκεδασθέντες is circumstantial with the subject σύμμαχοι; the coordinated verb ἥρπαζον has substantivized τὰ with an ἐξ-phrase.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ἐν | ἐν | ADP | PREP | _ | 8 κατέτρεχον | case | high | |
| 2 | τούτῳ | οὗτος | PRON | PD-DNS | Case=Dat|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 8 κατέτρεχον | obl | high | Dative demonstrative with ἐν. |
| 3 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 8 κατέτρεχον | cc | high | |
| 4 | οἱ | ὁ | DET | T-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 7 σύμμαχοι | det | high | |
| 5 | τῶν | ὁ | DET | T-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 6 Θηβαίων | det | high | |
| 6 | Θηβαίων | Θηβαῖος | PROPN | A-GPM | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 7 σύμμαχοι | nmod | high | Genitive ethnic modifier of σύμμαχοι. |
| 7 | σύμμαχοι | σύμμαχος | NOUN | N-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 8 κατέτρεχον | nsubj | high | |
| 8 | κατέτρεχον | κατατρέχω | VERB | V-IAI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Imp|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Coordinated with ἥρπαζον. |
| 9 | διασκεδασθέντες | διασκεδάννυμι | VERB | V-APP-NPM | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Mood=Part|Number=Plur|Tense=Past|Voice=Pass | 8 κατέτρεχον | advcl | medium | Aorist passive participle, circumstantial; exact lexical parsing may be διασκεδάζω. |
| 10 | χώραν | χώρα | NOUN | N-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 8 κατέτρεχον | obj | high | Object of κατέτρεχον. |
| 11 | τὴν | ὁ | DET | T-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 12 Λακωνικὴν | det | high | |
| 12 | Λακωνικὴν | Λακωνικός | ADJ | A-ASF | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 10 χώραν | amod | high | |
| 13 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 14 ἥρπαζον | cc | high | |
| 14 | ἥρπαζον | ἁρπάζω | VERB | V-IAI-3P | Mood=Ind|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Imp|Voice=Act | 8 κατέτρεχον | conj | high | |
| 15 | τὰ | ὁ | DET | T-APN | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 14 ἥρπαζον | det | high | Substantivizing article. |
| 16 | ἐξ | ἐκ | ADP | PREP | _ | 17 αὐτῆς | case | high | |
| 17 | αὐτῆς | αὐτός | PRON | P-GSF | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Prs | 14 ἥρπαζον | obl | high | Object of ἐξ; refers to χώραν. |
| 18 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 8 κατέτρεχον | punct | high |
τοῦτο Ἐπαμινώνδᾳ παρέστησεν ὀπίσω Θηβαίους ἐς Βοιωτίαν ἀπαγαγεῖν.
The sentence is an accusative-and-infinitive construction: παρέστησεν takes ἀπαγαγεῖν, whose accusative subject is Θηβαίους; ὀπίσω is an adverb with somewhat uncertain scope.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | τοῦτο | οὗτος | PRON | A-NNS | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing|PronType=Dem | 3 παρέστησεν | nsubj | high | Demonstrative subject, referring to the preceding action or circumstance. |
| 2 | Ἐπαμινώνδᾳ | Ἐπαμινώνδας | PROPN | N-DSM | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 3 παρέστησεν | iobj | high | Dative of the person to whom the action was presented or made possible. |
| 3 | παρέστησεν | παρίστημι | VERB | V-AAI-3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | medium | Aorist active; construed with τοῦτο as subject and an infinitival complement. |
| 4 | ὀπίσω | ὀπίσω | ADV | ADV | _ | 8 ἀπαγαγεῖν | advmod | medium | Adverb meaning 'back/behind', modifying the infinitive phrase; exact scope is somewhat ambiguous. |
| 5 | Θηβαίους | Θηβαῖος | PROPN | A-APM | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 8 ἀπαγαγεῖν | obj | high | Accusative subject of the infinitive by accusative-and-infinitive construction. |
| 6 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | PREP | _ | 7 Βοιωτίαν | case | high | Preposition governing the accusative. |
| 7 | Βοιωτίαν | Βοιωτία | PROPN | N-AF-S | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 8 ἀπαγαγεῖν | obl | high | Goal/destination of ἀπαγαγεῖν. |
| 8 | ἀπαγαγεῖν | ἀπάγω | VERB | V-AAN | Mood=Inf|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 3 παρέστησεν | xcomp | high | Aorist active infinitive complement of παρέστησεν, with Θηβαίους as accusative subject. |
| 9 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 3 παρέστησεν | punct | high |
καὶ ὡς προϊὼν τῷ στρατῷ κατὰ Λέχαιον ἐγίνετο καὶ διεξιέναι τῆς ὁδοῦ τὰ στενὰ καὶ δύσβατα ἔμελλεν, Ἰφικράτης ὁ Τιμοθέου πελταστὰς καὶ ἄλλην Ἀθηναίων ἔχων δύναμιν ἐπιχειρεῖ τοῖς Θηβαίοις.
Finite ἐγίνετο and ἐπιχειρεῖ are coordinated; the ὡς-clause is temporal/circumstantial, with προϊών agreeing with the understood subject of ἐγίνετο. ἔμελλεν takes the complementary infinitive διεξιέναι; Ἰφικράτης is the subject of ἐπιχειρεῖ, and πελταστάς plus δύναμιν are coordinated objects of ἔχων.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | Conj | _ | 8 ἐγίνετο | cc | high | |
| 2 | ὡς | ὡς | SCONJ | Conj | _ | 8 ἐγίνετο | mark | high | Temporal/circumstantial subordinator. |
| 3 | προϊὼν | πρόειμι | VERB | PresActPtcNomMS | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 8 ἐγίνετο | advcl | high | Circumstantial participle. |
| 4 | τῷ | ὁ | DET | ArtDatMS | Case=Dat|Definite=Def|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 5 στρατῷ | det | high | |
| 5 | στρατῷ | στρατός | NOUN | NounDatMS | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 3 προϊὼν | obl | high | Dative of accompaniment. |
| 6 | κατὰ | κατά | ADP | Prep | _ | 7 Λέχαιον | case | high | |
| 7 | Λέχαιον | Λέχαιον | PROPN | PropnAccNS | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 8 ἐγίνετο | obl | high | Accusative after κατά, indicating route/direction. |
| 8 | ἐγίνετο | γίγνομαι | VERB | ImpMidInd3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Imp|Voice=Mid | 28 ἐπιχειρεῖ | advcl | medium | Finite verb of the ὡς-clause; subject is understood from the main clause. |
| 9 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | Conj | _ | 17 ἔμελλεν | cc | high | |
| 10 | διεξιέναι | διέξειμι | VERB | PresActInf | Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act | 17 ἔμελλεν | xcomp | high | Complementary infinitive with ἔμελλεν. |
| 11 | τῆς | ὁ | DET | ArtGenFS | Case=Gen|Definite=Def|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 12 ὁδοῦ | det | high | |
| 12 | ὁδοῦ | ὁδός | NOUN | NounGenFS | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 10 διεξιέναι | obl | high | Genitive of the route traversed. |
| 13 | τὰ | ὁ | DET | ArtAccNP | Case=Acc|Definite=Def|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 14 στενὰ | det | high | |
| 14 | στενὰ | στενός | ADJ | AdjAccNP | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 10 διεξιέναι | obj | high | Substantivized adjective, coordinated with δύσβατα. |
| 15 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | Conj | _ | 16 δύσβατα | cc | high | |
| 16 | δύσβατα | δύσβατος | ADJ | AdjAccNP | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 14 στενὰ | conj | high | Substantivized adjective. |
| 17 | ἔμελλεν | μέλλω | VERB | ImpActInd3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Imp|Voice=Act | 8 ἐγίνετο | conj | high | Coordinated with ἐγίνετο. |
| 18 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 17 ἔμελλεν | punct | high | |
| 19 | Ἰφικράτης | Ἰφικράτης | PROPN | PropnNomMS | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 28 ἐπιχειρεῖ | nsubj | high | |
| 20 | ὁ | ὁ | DET | ArtNomMS | Case=Nom|Definite=Def|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 21 Τιμοθέου | det | high | |
| 21 | Τιμοθέου | Τιμόθεος | PROPN | PropnGenMS | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 19 Ἰφικράτης | nmod | high | Patronymic/appositional genitive. |
| 22 | πελταστὰς | πελταστής | NOUN | NounAccMP | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 28 ἐπιχειρεῖ | obj | high | First coordinated object of ἔχων. |
| 23 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | Conj | _ | 27 δύναμιν | cc | high | |
| 24 | ἄλλην | ἄλλος | ADJ | AdjAccFS | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 27 δύναμιν | amod | high | |
| 25 | Ἀθηναίων | Ἀθηναῖος | PROPN | PropnGenMP | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 27 δύναμιν | nmod | high | Genitive dependent on δύναμιν. |
| 26 | ἔχων | ἔχω | VERB | PresActPtcNomMS | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Part|Voice=Act | 28 ἐπιχειρεῖ | advcl | high | Circumstantial participle agreeing with Ἰφικράτης. |
| 27 | δύναμιν | δύναμις | NOUN | NounAccFS | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 22 πελταστὰς | conj | high | Second coordinated object of ἔχων; καὶ is coordinated at this phrase. |
| 28 | ἐπιχειρεῖ | ἐπιχειρέω | VERB | PresActInd3S | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 29 | τοῖς | ὁ | DET | ArtDatMP | Case=Dat|Definite=Def|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 30 Θηβαίοις | det | high | |
| 30 | Θηβαίοις | Θηβαῖος | PROPN | PropnDatMP | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 28 ἐπιχειρεῖ | obl | high | Dative complement of ἐπιχειρεῖ. |
| 31 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 28 ἐπιχειρεῖ | punct | high |