Grammar parses for passage 9.15.4
Open translation for this passage
ὡς δὲ βοιωταρχεῖν αὖθις ᾕρητο καὶ στρατῷ Βοιωτῶν ἀφίκετο αὖθις ἐς Πελοπόννησον, ἐκράτησε μὲν περὶ Λέχαιον Λακεδαιμονίους μάχῃ, σὺν δέ σφισιν Ἀχαιῶν Πελληνέας καὶ Ἀθηναίων οὓς Χαβρίας ἦγεν ἐξ Ἀθηνῶν.
The opening ὡς-clause is an antecedent temporal/circumstantial clause centered on ᾕρητο and ἀφίκετο; the latter is attached to the main predicate as a preceding circumstance. The phrase σὺν δέ σφισιν introduces a further accusative group associated with the victory, while the genitive Ἀθηναίων is coordinated within that group and expanded by a relative clause.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | ὡς | ὡς | SCONJ | CONJ | _ | 5 ᾕρητο | mark | high | Temporal/circumstantial subordinate conjunction. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 14 ἐκράτησε | cc | high | Postpositive connective. |
| 3 | βοιωταρχεῖν | βοιωταρχεῖν | VERB | V--PAN-- | Tense=Pres|VerbForm=Inf|Voice=Act | 5 ᾕρητο | xcomp | medium | Infinitive of office-holding; lemma follows supplied infinitival form, with lexical uncertainty. |
| 4 | αὖθις | αὖθις | ADV | D-------- | Degree=Pos | 5 ᾕρητο | advmod | high | Adverb modifying ᾕρητο. |
| 5 | ᾕρητο | αἱρέω | VERB | V3IIM-S-- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Pluperf|Voice=Mid | 9 ἀφίκετο | advcl | medium | Pluperfect middle, ‘had chosen/elected’; governs the infinitive. |
| 6 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 9 ἀφίκετο | cc | high | Coordinates the two initial predicates. |
| 7 | στρατῷ | στρατός | NOUN | N--DS--- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 9 ἀφίκετο | obl | high | Dative of accompaniment/association, with understood σὺν. |
| 8 | Βοιωτῶν | Βοιωτός | PROPN | A--GP--- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 7 στρατῷ | nmod | high | Ethnic genitive modifying στρατῷ. |
| 9 | ἀφίκετο | ἀφικνέομαι | VERB | V3IIM-S-- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Mid | 14 ἐκράτησε | advcl | high | Aorist middle, coordinated with the preceding election circumstance. |
| 10 | αὖθις | αὖθις | ADV | D-------- | Degree=Pos | 9 ἀφίκετο | advmod | high | Adverb modifying ἀφίκετο. |
| 11 | ἐς | εἰς | ADP | R-------- | _ | 12 Πελοπόννησον | case | high | Preposition governing the accusative. |
| 12 | Πελοπόννησον | Πελοπόννησος | PROPN | N--AS--- | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 9 ἀφίκετο | obl | high | Goal of motion. |
| 13 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 14 ἐκράτησε | punct | high | |
| 14 | ἐκράτησε | κρατέω | VERB | V3IA-S-- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | high | Main finite predicate. |
| 15 | μὲν | μέν | PART | G-------- | _ | 14 ἐκράτησε | discourse | high | Correlative particle, answered by δέ. |
| 16 | περὶ | περί | ADP | R-------- | _ | 17 Λέχαιον | case | high | Preposition governing Λέχαιον. |
| 17 | Λέχαιον | Λέχαιον | PROPN | N--AS--- | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 14 ἐκράτησε | obl | high | Place around which the battle occurred. |
| 18 | Λακεδαιμονίους | Λακεδαιμόνιος | PROPN | A--AP--- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 14 ἐκράτησε | obj | high | Object of ἐκράτησε. |
| 19 | μάχῃ | μάχη | NOUN | N--DS--- | Case=Dat|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 14 ἐκράτησε | obl | high | Dative of means/manner, ‘in battle’. |
| 20 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 14 ἐκράτησε | punct | high | |
| 21 | σὺν | σύν | ADP | R-------- | _ | 25 Πελληνέας | case | high | Preposition governing the allied peoples. |
| 22 | δέ | δέ | CCONJ | CONJ | _ | 25 Πελληνέας | cc | high | Coordinates the second object/combatant group. |
| 23 | σφισιν | σφεῖς | PRON | P---DD3-- | Case=Dat|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs | 25 Πελληνέας | obl | high | Dative pronoun governed by σὺν; refers to the Lacedaemonians. |
| 24 | Ἀχαιῶν | Ἀχαιός | PROPN | A--GP--- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 25 Πελληνέας | nmod | high | Ethnic genitive modifying Πελληνέας. |
| 25 | Πελληνέας | Πελληνεύς | PROPN | N--AP--- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 14 ἐκράτησε | obj | high | Second accusative group associated with the victory. |
| 26 | καὶ | καί | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 27 Ἀθηναίων | cc | high | Coordinates Πελληνέας and Ἀθηναίων. |
| 27 | Ἀθηναίων | Ἀθηναῖος | PROPN | A--GP--- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 25 Πελληνέας | conj | high | Genitive ethnic noun in the coordinated group, dependent on the accusative phrase. |
| 28 | οὓς | ὅς | PRON | P---AM3-- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur|PronType=Rel | 30 ἦγεν | obj | high | Relative pronoun, object of ἦγεν; antecedent is the Athenian contingent. |
| 29 | Χαβρίας | Χαβρίας | PROPN | N--NS--- | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 30 ἦγεν | nsubj | high | Subject of ἦγεν. |
| 30 | ἦγεν | ἄγω | VERB | V3IIA-S-- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Impf|Voice=Act | 25 Πελληνέας | acl:relcl | high | Relative-clause predicate modifying the Athenian group. |
| 31 | ἐξ | ἐκ | ADP | R-------- | _ | 32 Ἀθηνῶν | case | high | Preposition governing Ἀθηνῶν. |
| 32 | Ἀθηνῶν | Ἀθῆναι | PROPN | N--GP--- | Case=Gen|Gender=Fem|Number=Plur | 30 ἦγεν | obl | high | Source of the contingent. |
| 33 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 14 ἐκράτησε | punct | high |
Θηβαίοις δὲ ἦν καθεστηκὸς τοὺς μὲν ἄλλους, ὁπόσους αἰχμαλώτους ἕλοιεν, ἀφιέναι χρημάτων, τοὺς δὲ ἐκ Βοιωτῶν φεύγοντας ζημιοῦν θανάτῳ·
Impersonal construction ἦν καθεστηκός governs the infinitival policy: ἀφιέναι ... ζημιοῦν. Θηβαίοις is the dative experiencer/possessor; τοὺς μὲν ἄλλους and τοὺς δὲ ... φεύγοντας are coordinated accusative subjects of the infinitives. ὁπόσους αἰχμαλώτους ἕλοιεν is a relative/indefinite quantifying clause modifying τοὺς ἄλλους; ἕλοιεν is morphologically ambiguous, here taken as optative in subordinate oblique context.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | Θηβαίοις | Θηβαῖος | PROPN | N--DP--- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 3 ἦν | iobj | high | Dative of the persons for whom the established practice existed. |
| 2 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 3 ἦν | cc | high | Postpositive coordinator. |
| 3 | ἦν | εἰμί | AUX | V3SIAI--- | Mood=Ind|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Imperfect|Voice=Act | 4 καθεστηκὸς | cop | high | Imperfect copula with neuter singular καθεστηκός. |
| 4 | καθεστηκὸς | καθίστημι | VERB | V--RAN-- | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Mood=Part|Number=Sing|Tense=Perf|Voice=Act | 0 ROOT | root | medium | Perfect active participle, neuter singular, functioning predicatively in an impersonal construction. |
| 5 | τοὺς | ὁ | DET | L--PAMA-- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 7 ἄλλους | det | high | |
| 6 | μὲν | μέν | PART | D-------- | _ | 7 ἄλλους | discourse | high | Correlative μέν with δέ at token 17. |
| 7 | ἄλλους | ἄλλος | PRON | A--PAM--- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 13 ἀφιέναι | nsubj | high | Accusative subject of infinitive ἀφιέναι. |
| 8 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 7 ἄλλους | punct | high | |
| 9 | ὁπόσους | ὁπόσος | PRON | A--PAM--- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 11 ἕλοιεν | obj | medium | Quantifying relative pronoun, object of ἕλοιεν and linked semantically to τοὺς ἄλλους. |
| 10 | αἰχμαλώτους | αἰχμάλωτος | ADJ | A--PAM--- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 9 ὁπόσους | amod | high | Substantivized adjective, modifying ὁπόσους. |
| 11 | ἕλοιεν | αἱρέω | VERB | V3PAO--- | Mood=Opt|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Aor|Voice=Act | 9 ὁπόσους | acl:relcl | medium | Taken as aorist active optative in the relative clause; formally could be read otherwise in isolation. |
| 12 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 11 ἕλοιεν | punct | high | |
| 13 | ἀφιέναι | ἀφίημι | VERB | V--PAN--- | Mood=Inf|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 4 καθεστηκὸς | csubj | high | Present active infinitive, coordinated with ζημιοῦν, expressing the established policy. |
| 14 | χρημάτων | χρῆμα | NOUN | N--GPN--- | Case=Gen|Gender=Neut|Number=Plur | 13 ἀφιέναι | obl | high | Genitive of price or penalty: release in exchange for money. |
| 15 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 13 ἀφιέναι | punct | high | |
| 16 | τοὺς | ὁ | DET | L--PAMA-- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 20 φεύγοντας | det | high | |
| 17 | δὲ | δέ | CCONJ | C-------- | _ | 21 ζημιοῦν | cc | high | Second member of the μέν ... δέ coordination. |
| 18 | ἐκ | ἐκ | ADP | R-------- | _ | 19 Βοιωτῶν | case | high | Takes the genitive Βοιωτῶν. |
| 19 | Βοιωτῶν | Βοιωτός | PROPN | N--GPM--- | Case=Gen|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 20 φεύγοντας | obl | high | Genitive governed by ἐκ. |
| 20 | φεύγοντας | φεύγω | VERB | V--PAM--- | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Mood=Part|Number=Plur|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 21 ζημιοῦν | nsubj | high | Participial accusative subject of ζημιοῦν, modifying τοὺς. |
| 21 | ζημιοῦν | ζημιόω | VERB | V--PAN--- | Mood=Inf|Tense=Pres|Voice=Act | 4 καθεστηκὸς | conj | high | Second coordinated infinitive, with accusative subject τοὺς ... φεύγοντας. |
| 22 | θανάτῳ | θάνατος | NOUN | N--DSM--- | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 21 ζημιοῦν | obl | high | Dative of means or penalty: punish with death. |
| 23 | · | · | PUNCT | _ | _ | 4 καθεστηκὸς | punct | high |
πόλισμα οὖν ἑλὼν Σικυωνίων Φοιβίαν, ἔνθα ἦσαν τὸ πολὺ οἱ Βοιώτιοι φυγάδες συνηγμένοι, ἀφίησι τοὺς ἐγκαταληφθέντας, ἄλλην σφίσιν ἣν ἔτυχε πατρίδα ἐπονομάζων ἑκάστῳ.
The clause with ἔνθα describes Φοιβία; ἄλλην ... πατρίδα is the object phrase of ἐπονομάζων, with ἣν ἔτυχε parenthetically modifying πατρίδα.
| # | Form | Lemma | UPOS | XPOS | Features | Head | DepRel | Conf. | Note |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1 | πόλισμα | πόλισμα | NOUN | Neut_NomAcc_Sg | Case=Nom|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 3 ἑλὼν | obj | high | |
| 2 | οὖν | οὖν | PART | Part | _ | 16 ἀφίησι | discourse | high | |
| 3 | ἑλὼν | αἱρέω | VERB | Act_Ptcp_Aor_Nom_Sg_Masc | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Mood=Participle|Number=Sing|Tense=Aorist|Voice=Active | 16 ἀφίησι | advcl | high | Conjunct participle with implied masculine subject. |
| 4 | Σικυωνίων | Σικυώνιος | ADJ | Gen_Pl | Case=Gen|Number=Plur | 1 πόλισμα | nmod | medium | Ethnic adjective substantivized or agreeing with an omitted plural noun. |
| 5 | Φοιβίαν | Φοιβία | PROPN | Fem_Acc_Sg | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 3 ἑλὼν | obj | high | Object of ἑλών. |
| 6 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 3 ἑλὼν | punct | high | |
| 7 | ἔνθα | ἔνθα | ADV | Adv | _ | 8 ἦσαν | advmod | high | |
| 8 | ἦσαν | εἰμί | VERB | Impf_Ind_Act_3Pl | Mood=Indicative|Number=Plur|Person=3|Tense=Imperfect|Voice=Active | 16 ἀφίησι | advcl | high | Locative relative adverb introduces a descriptive clause. |
| 9 | τὸ | ὁ | DET | Art_NomAcc_Sg_Neut | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 10 πολὺ | det | high | |
| 10 | πολὺ | πολύς | ADJ | Neut_Acc_Sg | Case=Acc|Gender=Neut|Number=Sing | 14 συνηγμένοι | advmod | high | Substantivized adverbial accusative, ‘for the most part’. |
| 11 | οἱ | ὁ | DET | Art_NomPl_Masc | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 12 Βοιώτιοι | det | high | |
| 12 | Βοιώτιοι | Βοιώτιος | PROPN | Masc_NomPl | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 14 συνηγμένοι | nsubj | high | Ethnic proper-name use. |
| 13 | φυγάδες | φυγάς | NOUN | Masc_NomPl | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 12 Βοιώτιοι | appos | high | |
| 14 | συνηγμένοι | συνάγω | VERB | Perf_Ptcp_MedPass_Nom_Pl_Masc | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Mood=Participle|Number=Plur|Tense=Perfect|Voice=Mid | 8 ἦσαν | xcomp | medium | Predicative perfect participle with εἰμί. |
| 15 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 8 ἦσαν | punct | high | |
| 16 | ἀφίησι | ἀφίημι | VERB | Pres_Ind_Act_3Sg | Mood=Indicative|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Present|Voice=Active | 0 ROOT | root | high | |
| 17 | τοὺς | ὁ | DET | Art_AccPl_Masc | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Number=Plur | 18 ἐγκαταληφθέντας | det | high | |
| 18 | ἐγκαταληφθέντας | ἐγκαταλείπω | VERB | Aor_Ptcp_Pass_Acc_Pl_Masc | Case=Acc|Gender=Masc|Mood=Participle|Number=Plur|Tense=Aorist|Voice=Pass | 16 ἀφίησι | obj | high | Substantivized participle, object of ἀφίησι. |
| 19 | , | , | PUNCT | _ | _ | 16 ἀφίησι | punct | high | |
| 20 | ἄλλην | ἄλλος | ADJ | Fem_Acc_Sg | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 24 πατρίδα | amod | high | |
| 21 | σφίσιν | σφεῖς | PRON | Dat_Pl | Case=Dat|Number=Plur|Person=3|PronType=Prs | 25 ἐπονομάζων | iobj | medium | Reflexive personal pronoun referring to the released people. |
| 22 | ἣν | ὅς | PRON | Rel_Acc_Sg_Fem | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing|PronType=Rel | 24 πατρίδα | obj | high | Relative pronoun, object of ἔτυχε. |
| 23 | ἔτυχε | τυγχάνω | VERB | Aor_Ind_Act_3Sg | Mood=Indicative|Number=Sing|Person=3|Tense=Aorist|Voice=Active | 25 ἐπονομάζων | advcl | medium | Parenthetic clause: ‘whatever happened to be’. |
| 24 | πατρίδα | πατρίς | NOUN | Fem_Acc_Sg | Case=Acc|Gender=Fem|Number=Sing | 25 ἐπονομάζων | obj | high | Object of ἐπονομάζων, with ἄλλην agreeing. |
| 25 | ἐπονομάζων | ἐπονομάζω | VERB | Pres_Ptcp_Act_Nom_Sg_Masc | Case=Nom|Gender=Masc|Mood=Participle|Number=Sing|Tense=Pres|Voice=Active | 16 ἀφίησι | advcl | high | Circumstantial participle, subject co-referential with the main clause subject. |
| 26 | ἑκάστῳ | ἕκαστος | ADJ | Masc_Dat_Sg | Case=Dat|Gender=Masc|Number=Sing | 25 ἐπονομάζων | iobj | high | Dative of reference: ‘for each one’. |
| 27 | . | . | PUNCT | _ | _ | 16 ἀφίησι | punct | high |